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Yan D, Luo J, Wang S, Han X, Lei X, Jiao K, Wu X, Qian L, Zhang X, Zhao X, Di J, Zhang Z, Gao Z, Zhang J. Carbon Nanotube-Directed 7 GPa Heterocyclic Aramid Fiber and Its Application in Artificial Muscles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306129. [PMID: 37533318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Poly(p-phenylene-benzimidazole-terephthalamide) (PBIA) fibers with excellent mechanical properties are widely used in fields that require impact-resistant materials such as ballistic protection and aerospace. The introduction of heterocycles in polymer chains increases their flexibility and makes it easier to optimize the fiber structure. However, the inadequate orientation of polymer chains is one of the main reasons for the large difference between the measured and theoretical mechanical properties of PBIA fibers. Herein, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are selected as an orientation seed. Their structural features allow CNTs to orient during the spinning process, which can induce an orderly arrangement of polymers and improve the orientation of the fiber microstructure. To ensure the complete 1D topology of long CNTs (≈10 µm), PBIA is used as an efficient dispersant to overcome dispersion challenges. The p-CNT/PBIA fibers (10 µm single-walled carbon nanotube 0.025 wt%) exhibit an increase of 22% in tensile strength and 23% in elongation, with a maximum tensile strength of 7.01 ± 0.31 GPa and a reinforcement efficiency of 893.6. The artificial muscle fabricated using CNT/PBIA fibers exhibits a 34.8% contraction and a 25% lifting of a 2 kg dumbbell, providing a promising paradigm for high-performance organic fibers as high-load smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jiajun Luo
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shijun Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaocang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liu Qian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinshi Zhang
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiangtao Di
- Advanced Materials Division, Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, China
- Center of Nano Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Luo J, Wen Y, Jia X, Lei X, Gao Z, Jian M, Xiao Z, Li L, Zhang J, Li T, Dong H, Wu X, Gao E, Jiao K, Zhang J. Fabricating strong and tough aramid fibers by small addition of carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3019. [PMID: 37230970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic high-performance fibers present excellent mechanical properties and promising applications in the impact protection field. However, fabricating fibers with high strength and high toughness is challenging due to their intrinsic conflicts. Herein, we report a simultaneous improvement in strength, toughness, and modulus of heterocyclic aramid fibers by 26%, 66%, and 13%, respectively, via polymerizing a small amount (0.05 wt%) of short aminated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), achieving a tensile strength of 6.44 ± 0.11 GPa, a toughness of 184.0 ± 11.4 MJ m-3, and a Young's modulus of 141.7 ± 4.0 GPa. Mechanism analyses reveal that short aminated SWNTs improve the crystallinity and orientation degree by affecting the structures of heterocyclic aramid chains around SWNTs, and in situ polymerization increases the interfacial interaction therein to promote stress transfer and suppress strain localization. These two effects account for the simultaneous improvement in strength and toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Yeye Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China
| | - Xudong Lei
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfei Gao
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Muqiang Jian
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Lanying Li
- China Bluestar Chengrand Chemical Co., Ltd, 611430, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Science Center of Energy Material and Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 010021, Hohhot, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianqian Wu
- Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.
| | - Kun Jiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), 100095, Beijing, China.
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Sun H, Kong H, Ding H, Xu Q, Zeng J, Jiang F, Yu M, Zhang Y. Improving UV Resistance of Aramid Fibers by Simultaneously Synthesizing TiO 2 on Their Surfaces and in the Interfaces Between Fibrils/Microfibrils Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12010147. [PMID: 31936033 PMCID: PMC7022332 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aramid fibers with low density and high strength, modulus, and thermal resistance are widely used in applications such as bulletproof vests and cables. However, owing to their chemical structure, they are sensitive to ultraviolet light, which degrades the fibers' useful mechanical properties. In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were synthesized both on the aramid III fiber surface and in the interfacial space between the fibrils/microfibrils in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to improve the UV resistance of aramid fibers. The effects of scCO2 treatment pressure on the TiO2 structure, morphology, surface composition, thermal stability, photostability, and mechanical properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and single-fiber test. The results show that amorphous TiO2 formed on the fiber surface and the interface between fibrils/microfibrils, and decreased the photodegradation rate of the aramid III fiber. Moreover, this modification can also improve the tensile strength via treatment at low temperature and without the use of a solvent. The simple synthesis process in scCO2, which is scalable, is used for mild modifications with a green solvent, providing a promising technique for synthesizing metal dioxide on polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Haijuan Kong
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Shanghai 201600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-021-67791203
| | - Haiquan Ding
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qian Xu
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Juan Zeng
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Feiyan Jiang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China;
| | - Youfeng Zhang
- School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201600, China; (H.S.); (H.D.); (Q.X.); (J.Z.); (F.J.); (Y.Z.)
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Laser Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Shanghai 201600, China
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Cardea S, Reverchon E. Supercritical Fluid Processing of Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101551. [PMID: 31554186 PMCID: PMC6835994 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cardea
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Ernesto Reverchon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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