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Ma R, Dai L, Sun D, Yang Y, Tang C, Li L, He Z, Ni Y. Nanocellulose/scleroglucan-enhanced robust, heat-resistant composite hydrogels for oilfield water plugging. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 341:122320. [PMID: 38876713 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In an oil exploitation process, hydrogel plugging agents can effectively reduce the water-oil intermixing, decrease water extraction volume, and enhance oil recovery rate. The practical applications of traditional polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel plugging agents in oilfield are limited by their non-biodegradability, poor mechanical performance, and inferior temperature-resistance. This work developed a mechanically stable and high-temperature-resistant composite hydrogel (STP) by incorporating biodegradable scleroglucan (Slg) and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN) in the PAM hydrogel. The addition of Slg conferred heat resistance to the PAM hydrogel, while TOCN reinforced the mechanical strength. Anti-aging analyses revealed that the STP endured for 108 h in a saline environment at 140 °C. In the water flooding characterization, the STP displayed a breakthrough pressure of 42.10 psi/ft. at a flow rate of 0.75 cm3/min. Under these extreme conditions, the plugging pressure reached 14.74 psi/ft., meeting the essential criteria for oilfield water plugging. This research demonstrates the potential of polysaccharides in the preparation of sustainable, tough, and heat-resistant water plugging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoteng Ma
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Dalong Sun
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Chunxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Sinopec Northwest Oil Field Branch, Sinopec Group, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zhibin He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada; Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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Khlaifat AL, Fakher S, Harrison GH. Evaluating Factors Impacting Polymer Flooding in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: Laboratory and Field-Scale Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:75. [PMID: 38201740 PMCID: PMC10780725 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer flooding is an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method used to increase oil recovery from oil reservoirs beyond primary and secondary recovery. Although it is one of the most well-established methods of EOR, there are still continuous new developments and evaluations for this method. This is mainly attributed to the diverse polymers used, expansion of this method in terms of application, and the increase in knowledge pertaining to the topic due to the increase in laboratory testing and field applications. In this research, we perform a review of the factors impacting polymer flooding in both laboratory studies and field-based applications in order to create guidelines with respect to the parameters that should be included when designing a polymer flooding study or application. The main mechanism of polymer flooding is initially discussed, along with the types of polymers that can be used in polymer flooding. We then discuss the most prominent parameters that should be included when designing a polymer flooding project and, based on previous laboratory studies and field projects, discuss how these parameters impact the polymer itself and the flooding process. This research can provide guidelines for researchers and engineers for future polymer flooding research or field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz L. Khlaifat
- Petroleum and Energy Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Sherif Fakher
- Petroleum and Energy Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt;
| | - Gbubemi H. Harrison
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, American University of Ras Al Khaimah, Ras Al Khaimah 72603, United Arab Emirates;
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Okoruwa L, Sameni F, Borisov P, Sabet E. 3D Printing Soft Magnet: Binder Study for Vat Photopolymerization of Ferrosilicon Magnetic Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3482. [PMID: 37631539 PMCID: PMC10459200 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) masking is a 3D printing technique that can produce soft magnetic composite parts to high resolution and complexity for robotics and energy electronics applications. This additive manufacturing technique has the potential to produce larger, lighter-weight, more efficient, and more durable parts for automotive and mechanical applications. This study conducted a binder study to create a low-viscosity and stiff binder capable of loading at least 60 v/v% Fe-6.5 wt%Si particles. Percolation Theory was applied to anticipate the magnetic interaction of suspended particles. A series of binders were formulated, with adjustments to diluent ratios. The behavior of the binders was assessed by studying their rheological properties, conversion rates, and mechanical properties. A post-cure study was conducted across various energy settings using UV, thermal, and a combination of both energy sources to find the combination that provided the best mechanical properties. As a result, 64 v/v% Fe-6.5 wt%Si loading was achieved and cured using UV light of 405 nm wavelength. Vibrating Sample Spectroscopy (VSM) was used to characterize the composite's magnetic behavior, and a significant increase in saturation magnetization and negligible change in coercivity was observed when the added load exceeded the percolation threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Okoruwa
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
- Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence Ltd., Derby DE23 8YH, UK;
| | - Farzaneh Sameni
- Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence Ltd., Derby DE23 8YH, UK;
| | - Pavel Borisov
- Department of Physics, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Ehsan Sabet
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
- Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence Ltd., Derby DE23 8YH, UK;
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Rheological Performance of High-Temperature-Resistant, Salt-Resistant Fracturing Fluid Gel Based on Organic-Zirconium-Crosslinked HPAM. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020151. [PMID: 36826321 PMCID: PMC9956356 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of low-cost, high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fracturing fluids is a hot and difficult issue in reservoir fluids modification. In this study, an organic zirconium crosslinker that was synthesized and crosslinked with partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) was employed as a cost-effective polymer thickener to synthesize a high-temperature-resistant and salt-resistant fracturing fluid. The rheological properties of HPAM in tap water solutions and 2 × 104 mg/L salt solutions were analyzed. The results demonstrated that addition of salt reduced viscosity and viscoelasticity of HPAM solutions. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results indicated that, due to electrostatic interaction, the carboxylate ions of HPAM formed an ionic bridge with metal cations, curling the conformation, decreasing the radius of rotation and thus decreasing viscosity. However, optimizing fracturing fluids formulation can mitigate the detrimental effects of salt on HPAM. The rheological characteristics of the HPAM fracturing fluid crosslinking process were analyzed and a crosslinking rheological kinetic equation was established under small-amplitude oscillatory shear (SAOS) test. The results of a large-amplitude oscillation shear (LAOS) test indicate that the heating effect on crosslinking is stronger than the shear effect on crosslinking. High-temperature-resistant and shear-resistant experiments demonstrated good performance of fracturing fluids of tap water and salt solution at 200 °C and 180 °C.
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Zhang Q, Mao J, Qu X, Liao Y, Du A, Zhang H, Liu B, Xiao Y, Zhang Y, Lin C, Yang X, Zhang Y. Application of fumed silica-enhanced polymeric fracturing fluids in highly mineralized water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Study on the Mechanical and Toughness Behavior of Epoxy Nano-Composites with Zero-Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Nano-Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173618. [PMID: 36080694 PMCID: PMC9459796 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of epoxy resin can be enhanced by adding nanofillers into its matrix. This study researches and compares the impacts of adding nanofillers with different dimensions, including two-dimensional boron nitride and zero-dimensional silica, on the mechanical and toughness properties of epoxy resin. At low fractions (0–2.0 wt%), 2DBN/epoxy composites have a higher Young’s modulus, fracture toughness and critical strain energy release rate compared to SiO2/epoxy composites. However, the workability deteriorated drastically for BN/epoxy composites above a specific nanofiller concentration (2.0–3.0 wt%). BN prevents crack growth by drawing and bridging. SiO2 enhances performance by deflecting the crack direction and forming voids. Additionally, the dimension and content of nanofiller also influence glass transition temperature and storage modulus significantly.
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A novel crosslinked poly(AMPS-co-VA-co-DVB) viscosifier for high temperature water-based drilling muds. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mao J, Cao H, Zhang H, Du A, Xue J, Lin C, Yang X, Wang Q, Mao J, Chen A. Design of salt-responsive low-viscosity and high-elasticity hydrophobic association polymers and study of association structure changes under high-salt conditions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang Q, Mao J, Liao Y, Xu T, Zhang H, Du A, Yang X, Lin C, Mao J. Evaluation of temperature resistance of non chemical crosslinked double-tailed hydrophobically associating polymer fracturing fluid. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Study on mechanism of a simple method to regulate salt tolerance of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gbadamosi A, Patil S, Kamal MS, Adewunmi AA, Yusuff AS, Agi A, Oseh J. Application of Polymers for Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071433. [PMID: 35406305 PMCID: PMC9003037 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers play a significant role in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) due to their viscoelastic properties and macromolecular structure. Herein, the mechanisms of the application of polymeric materials for enhanced oil recovery are elucidated. Subsequently, the polymer types used for EOR, namely synthetic polymers and natural polymers (biopolymers), and their properties are discussed. Moreover, the numerous applications for EOR such as polymer flooding, polymer foam flooding, alkali–polymer flooding, surfactant–polymer flooding, alkali–surfactant–polymer flooding, and polymeric nanofluid flooding are appraised and evaluated. Most of the polymers exhibit pseudoplastic behavior in the presence of shear forces. The biopolymers exhibit better salt tolerance and thermal stability but are susceptible to plugging and biodegradation. As for associative synthetic polyacrylamide, several complexities are involved in unlocking its full potential. Hence, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide remains the most coveted polymer for field application of polymer floods. Finally, alkali–surfactant–polymer flooding shows good efficiency at pilot and field scales, while a recently devised polymeric nanofluid shows good potential for field application of polymer flooding for EOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afeez Gbadamosi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shirish Patil
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Petroleum and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Kamal
- Centre for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Ahmad A. Adewunmi
- Centre for Integrative Petroleum Research, College of Petroleum and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.K.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Adeyinka S. Yusuff
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti PMB 5454, Nigeria;
| | - Augustine Agi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Jeffrey Oseh
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri PMB 1526, Nigeria;
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Xu T, Mao J, Zhang Y, Yang X, Lin C, Du A, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Mao J. Experimental Study on High-Performers Quaternary Copolymer Based on Host-Guest Effect. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172972. [PMID: 34503012 PMCID: PMC8434526 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A quaternary polymer (HGP) was prepared by the free-radical polymerization of acrylamide, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride functionalized β-cyclodextrin (MAH-β-CD), and N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N, N-dimethylnaphthalen-1-aminium chloride (NAP). It was found that host–guest behavior occurred most effectively at a molar rate of NAP and CD with 1:1, which exhibited better solubility than hydrophobically associative polymer. Moreover, the as-prepared polymer has superior salt tolerance, shear resistance, and viscoelasticity due to host–guest strategy. More importantly, the HGP solution simulates the distribution of formation water in the Bohai SZ1-1 oilfield has good rheological properties at 120 °C. All results show that the proposed polymer could be a competitive candidate in oilfield applications such as fracturing fluids, displacement fluids, and drilling fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jincheng Mao
- Correspondence: (J.M.); or (Y.Z.); or (J.M.); Tel.: +86-28-8303-3546 (J.M. & Y.Z. & J.M.)
| | - Yang Zhang
- Correspondence: (J.M.); or (Y.Z.); or (J.M.); Tel.: +86-28-8303-3546 (J.M. & Y.Z. & J.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jinhua Mao
- Correspondence: (J.M.); or (Y.Z.); or (J.M.); Tel.: +86-28-8303-3546 (J.M. & Y.Z. & J.M.)
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Abdul Wahab MS, Abd Rahman S, Abu Samah R. Super selective dual nature GO bridging PSF-GO-Pebax thin film nanocomposite membrane for IPA dehydration. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1836211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Syafiq Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sunarti Abd Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Rozaimi Abu Samah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Mao J, Zhao J, Xu T, Du A, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Ma S. Preparation of a Novel Fracturing Fluid System with Excellent Elasticity and Low Friction. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1539. [PMID: 31547216 PMCID: PMC6835549 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The quaternary polymer was synthesized by radical polymerization and characterized by 1H NMR. The tests of critical associating concentration and SEM suggest that there is a multilayered and robust network structure in the polymer solution. An excellent elasticity in the polymer solution by the first normal stress difference, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy was observed. The critical crosslinker concentration of polymer with sodium dodecyl sulfate and its interaction mechanism were investigated. According to the reaction kinetics, the supramolecular structure had the lowest activation energy, stable network structure, and greater thermal stability. Then the polymer was employed in the fracturing fluid due to its excellent elasticity using the intermolecular forces, which showed superior sand suspension capacity by dynamic sand suspension measurement. Meanwhile, a theoretical analysis was proposed as to why polymer solution has excellent suspension and drag reduction properties. Therefore, this polymer could be an alternative in many fields, especially in fracking, which is significant for the development of oil and gas resources in deep wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Jinzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Anqi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China.
| | - Shaoyun Ma
- Shanghai King Materials Industry Limited Liability Company, Shanghai 201700, China.
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