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Behrendt F, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Surface functionalized cryogels - characterization methods, recent progress in preparation and application. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39021096 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00315b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cryogels are polymeric materials with a sponge-like microstructure and have attracted significant attention in recent decades. Research has focused on their composition, fabrication techniques, characterization methods as well as potential or existing fields of applications. The use of functional precursors or functionalizing ligands enables the preparation of cryogels with desired properties such as biocompatibility or responsivity. They can also exhibit adsorptive properties or can be used for catalytical purposes. Although a very brief overview about several functional (macro-)monomers and functionalizing ligands has been provided by previous reviewers for certain cryogel applications, so far there has been no particular focus on the evaluation of the functionalization success and the characterization methods used. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of different characterization methods most recently used for the evaluation of cryogel functionalization. Furthermore, new functional (macro-)monomers and subsequent cryogel functionalization strategies are discussed, based on synthetic polymers, biopolymers and a combination of both. This review highlights the importance of the functionalization aspect in cryogel research in order to produce materials with tailored properties for certain applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Behrendt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Albert-Einstein-Straße 6, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Engel N, Hoffmann T, Behrendt F, Liebing P, Weber C, Gottschaldt M, Schubert US. Cryogels Based on Poly(2-oxazoline)s through Development of Bi- and Trifunctional Cross-Linkers Incorporating End Groups with Adjustable Stability. Macromolecules 2024; 57:2915-2927. [PMID: 38560346 PMCID: PMC10977347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
1,4-Bis(iodomethyl)benzene and 1,3,5-tris(iodomethyl)benzene were used as initiators for the cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline (EtOx) and its copolymerization with tert-butyl (3-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)propyl)carbamate (BocOx) or methyl 3-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)propanoate (MestOx). Kinetic studies confirmed the applicability of these initiators. Termination with suitable nucleophiles resulted in two- and three-armed cross-linkers featuring acrylate, methacrylate, piperazine-acrylamide, and piperazine-methacrylamide as polymerizable ω-end groups. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful attachment of the respective ω-end groups at all initiation sites for every prepared cross-linkers. Except for acrylate, each ω-end group remained stable during deprotection of BocOx containing cross-linkers. The cryogels were prepared using EtOx-based cross-linkers, as confirmed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Stability tests revealed a complete dissolution of the acrylate-containing gels at pH = 14, whereas the piperazine-acrylamide-based cryogels featured excellent hydrolytic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Engel
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tim Hoffmann
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Behrendt
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christine Weber
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University at Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena
Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich
Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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A Comprehensive Review on Adsorption, Photocatalytic and Chemical Degradation of Dyes and Nitro-Compounds over Different Kinds of Porous and Composite Materials. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031081. [PMID: 36770748 PMCID: PMC9918932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dye and nitro-compound pollution has become a significant issue worldwide. The adsorption and degradation of dyes and nitro-compounds have recently become important areas of study. Different methods, such as precipitation, flocculation, ultra-filtration, ion exchange, coagulation, and electro-catalytic degradation have been adopted for the adsorption and degradation of these organic pollutants. Apart from these methods, adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and chemical degradation are considered the most economical and efficient to control water pollution from dyes and nitro-compounds. In this review, different kinds of dyes and nitro-compounds, and their adverse effects on aquatic organisms and human beings, were summarized in depth. This review article covers the comprehensive analysis of the adsorption of dyes over different materials (porous polymer, carbon-based materials, clay-based materials, layer double hydroxides, metal-organic frameworks, and biosorbents). The mechanism and kinetics of dye adsorption were the central parts of this study. The structures of all the materials mentioned above were discussed, along with their main functional groups responsible for dye adsorption. Removal and degradation methods, such as adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and chemical degradation of dyes and nitro-compounds were also the main aim of this review article, as well as the materials used for such degradation. The mechanisms of photocatalytic and chemical degradation were also explained comprehensively. Different factors responsible for adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and chemical degradation were also highlighted. Advantages and disadvantages, as well as economic cost, were also discussed briefly. This review will be beneficial for the reader as it covers all aspects of dye adsorption and the degradation of dyes and nitro-compounds. Future aspects and shortcomings were also part of this review article. There are several review articles on all these topics, but such a comprehensive study has not been performed so far in the literature.
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Wu W, Du M, Shi H, Zheng Q, Bai Z. Application of graphene aerogels in oil spill recovery: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159107. [PMID: 36181814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oil spills have long been a serious threat to marine environment. Physical recovery is the safest and most efficient method in the emergency disposal of offshore oil spill. Graphene aerogel (GA) has a wide application prospect in offshore oil spill emergency recovery and disposal given its unique structural characteristics. In this article, the preparation methods of GA adsorbent are summarized. On this basis, in the background of the application of offshore oil spill recovery, the related properties and targeted modification schemes of GA, such as adsorption, mechanical, and magnetic properties, as well as photothermal conversion properties for disposal of oil spills with high viscosity, are discussed. The Joule heating/photothermal conversion scheme can improve the recovery efficiency of offshore high viscosity oil spills, and adding metal composite materials can increase the magnetic performance and surface roughness of GA and facilitate positioning and recovery after offshore oil spills disposal. The challenges and prospects of modification research are also highlighted, and guidance for further optimizing the performance of GA in offshore oil spill recovery is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China; Engineering Technology Center for Ship Safety and Pollution Control, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Min Du
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Haokun Shi
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Qinggong Zheng
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China; Engineering Technology Center for Ship Safety and Pollution Control, Liaoning Province, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Zhaoao Bai
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, PR China
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Liu C, Wang D, Wang Z, Zhang H, Chen L, Wei Z. Sulfolane Crystal Templating: A One-Step and Tunable Polarity Approach for Self-Assembled Super-Macroporous Hydrophobic Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:45810-45821. [PMID: 36169330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Freeze-casting (ice templating) is generally used to prepare super-macroporous materials. However, water solubility limits the application of freeze-casting in hydrophobic material fabrication. In the present work, inexpensive and low-toxic sulfolane was used as a novel crystallization-induced porogen (sulfolane crystal templating) to prepare super-macroporous hydrophobic monoliths (cryogels) with tunable polarity. The phase transition of sulfolane consisted of reversible processes in the liquid, semi-crystalline, and crystalline states. Because of the density change during phase transition, liquid sulfolane experienced a 16.4% volume shrinkage per unit mass. Thus, the cryogels obtained using the conventional freezing method contained obvious hollow-shaped defects. Furthermore, a novel route of pre-cooling, pre-crystallization, crystal growth, freezing, and thawing (PPCFT) was employed to prepare cryogels with defect-free macroscopic morphology and uniform pore structure. The as-obtained cryogels were composed of a super-macroporous structures and interconnected channels, and their porosity ranged between 85 and 97%. Moreover, the cryogels manifested good hydrophobicity (contact angle = 120-130°) and had absorption capacities greater than 10 g g-1 for oils and organic liquids. The maximum absorption capacities of the resultant cryogels in dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and liquid paraffin were 60.3, 35.8, and 15.2 g g-1, respectively. Moreover, sulfolane could conveniently dissolve hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers to generate amphiphilic cryogels (contact angle = 130-0°). Therefore, sulfolane crystal templating is a potential fabrication method for super-macroporous hydrophobic materials with tunable polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhong Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, 221 North Fourth Road, Shihezi 832003, China
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Gao C, Wang Y, Shi J, Wang Y, Huang X, Chen X, Chen Z, Xie Y, Yang Y. Superamphiphilic Chitosan Cryogels for Continuous Flow Separation of Oil-In-Water Emulsions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5937-5945. [PMID: 35224354 PMCID: PMC8867482 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a typical hydrophilic biomass building block widely used in material science and engineering. However, its intrinsic amphiphilicity has been seldom noted so far. Herein, a series of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked chitosan cryogels with superamphiphilicity are fabricated at moderately frozen conditions through a freezing-thawing process. The micron-sized porous cryogel samples display a 0° contact angle toward both water and oil, 0° water contact angle under oil, and over 120° oil contact angle underwater. By comparing the wetting behavior of the tablet compressed by pure chitosan powders, the superamphiphilicity of the chitosan sample is proven to be independent on crosslinkers. This special wettability endows the chitosan cryogels with high separation efficiency for various surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions under continuous flow mode driven by gravity as well as a peristaltic pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpo Gao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic
of China
- Shandong
Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group CO. Ltd, Jinan 250103, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Jiasheng Shi
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Xilu Chen
- Shandong
Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group CO. Ltd, Jinan 250103, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chen
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yunfeng Xie
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nutrition & Health and Food Safety, Nutrition
& Health Research Institute, COFCO Corporation, Beijing 102209, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong
University, Jinan 250100, People’s Republic
of China
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Dilek A, Sevgili LM, Çavuş S. The Use of Poly(dodecyl methacrylate-co–N-isopropylacrylamide) Gel for the Separation of Limonene + Linalool Mixture. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cheng N, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wei S, Wang R. Injectable Cryogels Associate with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells for Cardiac Healing After Acute Myocardial Infarctions. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:981-988. [PMID: 34082883 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) provides support for novel methods of conveying baseline cell protein endothelial cells to promote acute myocardial infarction in gelatin sericin (GS) lamin-coated antioxidant systems (GS@L). The ratio of fixity modules, pores, absorption, and inflammation in the range of ka (65 ka), 149 ±39.8 μm, 92.2%, 42 ± 1.38, and 29 ± 1.9 were observed in the synthesized frames for GS. Herein, ADSC-GS@L was prepared, and the relevant substance for the development of cardiac regenerative applications was stable and physically chemical. In vitro assessments of ADSC-GS@L injectable cryogels established the enhanced survival rates of the cell and improved pro- angiogenic factors as well as pro-inflammatory expression, confirming the favorable outcomes of fractional ejections, fibro-areas, and vessel densities with reduced infraction dimensions. The novel ADSC-injecting cryogel method could be useful for successful heart injury therapies during acute myocardial infarction. Additionally, the method could be useful for successful heart injury therapies during coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yuanbin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shixiong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Hoang AT, Nguyen XP, Duong XQ, Huynh TT. Sorbent-based devices for the removal of spilled oil from water: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:28876-28910. [PMID: 33846913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Always, oil spills do cause serious and dire consequences for the environment, nature, and society that it consumes much time and socio-economic resources to overcome such consequences. Oil spills, hence, posed a big challenge in searching the advanced technologies and devices to recover spilled oil rapidly and efficiently. Indeed, sorbents have been found to play an extremely critical role in the spilled-oil remediation processes. Recently, a large number of various advanced sorbents and sorbent-based oil-collecting devices/technologies have been developed to enhance the oil-recovery capacity. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive assessment of the application of sorbent-based oil-collecting devices/technologies in recovering spilled oil. Due to this reason, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the advanced technologies of the combination of sorbents and oil-collecting devices in the oil cleanup strategies. Two main oil-collecting devices such as booms and skimmers that could conjunct with sorbents were critically evaluated on the basis of the applicability and technological features, indicating that the capacity of oil spill recovery could achieve 90%. Moreover, oil-storage and oil-collecting devices were also completely mentioned. Last but not least, technical directions, concerns over the application of sorbents in oil recovery, and existing challenges relating to storage, transport, and disposal of used sorbents were discussed in detail. In the future, the automatic process of spilled oil recovery with the conjunction between advanced devices and environmentally friendly high-efficiency sorbents should be further investigated to minimize the environmental impacts, reduce the cost, as well as maximize the collected oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Hoang
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Xuan Phuong Nguyen
- Institute of Maritime, Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Xuan Quang Duong
- Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Vietnam Maritime University, Haiphong, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Tung Huynh
- Institute of Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HUTECH), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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10
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Precise engineering of dual drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles system to improve the treatment of glioma-specific targeting therapy. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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An LY, Dai Z, Di B, Xu LL. Advances in Cryochemistry: Mechanisms, Reactions and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:750. [PMID: 33535547 PMCID: PMC7867104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
It is counterintuitive that chemical reactions can be accelerated by freezing, but this amazing phenomenon was discovered as early as the 1960s. In frozen systems, the increase in reaction rate is caused by various mechanisms and the freeze concentration effect is the main reason for the observed acceleration. Some accelerated reactions have great application value in the chemistry synthesis and environmental fields; at the same time, certain reactions accelerated at low temperature during the storage of food, medicine, and biological products should cause concern. The study of reactions accelerated by freezing will overturn common sense and provide a new strategy for researchers in the chemistry field. In this review, we mainly introduce various mechanisms for accelerating reactions induced by freezing and summarize a variety of accelerated cryochemical reactions and their applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yan An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; (L.-Y.A.); (Z.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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12
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Liu J, Fan X, Tao Y, Deng C, Yu K, Zhang W, Deng L, Xiong W. Two-Step Freezing Polymerization Method for Efficient Synthesis of High-Performance Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:5921-5930. [PMID: 32226872 PMCID: PMC7098024 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of stimuli-responsive hydrogels is closely related to their synthesis efficiency. However, the widely used thermal-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels usually require a time-consuming synthesis process to produce (more than 12 h) and exhibit a relatively slow response speed in the field of cryo-polymerization. In this study, a sequence of thawing polymerization after freezing polymerization by a two-step method of free radical polymerization for the efficient synthesis of PNIPAM hydrogels (merely 2 h) with an excellent comprehensive performance is demonstrated. Results show that the overall performance of the as-synthesized PNIPAM hydrogels is at the top level among reported works despite the significantly reduced preparation time. Moreover, after incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), the PNIPAM hydrogels exhibit a rapid near-infrared (NIR) light-response and programmable shape-morphing capability. It is believed that such a viable and time-saving synthetic method for producing PNIPAM hydrogels of high performance will lay a solid foundation for drug delivery and smart actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xuhao Fan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yufeng Tao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chunsan Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kewang Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Leimin Deng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
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