1
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Young AH, Hotz N, Hawkins BT, Kabala ZJ. Inducing Deep Sweeps and Vortex Ejections on Patterned Membrane Surfaces to Mitigate Surface Fouling. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:21. [PMID: 38248711 PMCID: PMC10818955 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Patterned membrane surfaces offer a hydrodynamic approach to mitigating concentration polarization and subsequent surface fouling. However, when subjected to steady crossflow conditions, surface patterns promote particle accumulation in the recirculation zones of cavity-like spaces. In order to resolve this issue, we numerically subject a two-dimensional, patterned membrane surface to a rapidly pulsed crossflow. When combined with cavity-like spaces, such as the valleys of membrane surface patterns, a rapidly pulsed flow generates mixing mechanisms (i.e., the deep sweep and the vortex ejection) and disrupts recirculation zones. In only four pulses, we demonstrate the ability of these mechanisms to remove over half of the particles trapped in recirculation zones via massless particle tracking studies (i.e., numerical integration of the simulated velocity field). The results of this work suggest that when combined with a rapidly pulsed inlet flow, patterned membrane surfaces can not only alleviate concentration polarization and the surface fouling that follows but also reduce the need for traditional cleaning methods that require operational downtime and often involve the use of abrasive chemical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- August H. Young
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Nico Hotz
- Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Brian T. Hawkins
- Duke Center for WaSH-AID, Durham, NC 27701, USA;
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Zbigniew J. Kabala
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
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2
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Man GT, Albu PC, Nechifor AC, Grosu AR, Tanczos SK, Grosu VA, Ioan MR, Nechifor G. Thorium Removal, Recovery and Recycling: A Membrane Challenge for Urban Mining. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:765. [PMID: 37755188 PMCID: PMC10538078 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Although only a slightly radioactive element, thorium is considered extremely toxic because its various species, which reach the environment, can constitute an important problem for the health of the population. The present paper aims to expand the possibilities of using membrane processes in the removal, recovery and recycling of thorium from industrial residues reaching municipal waste-processing platforms. The paper includes a short introduction on the interest shown in this element, a weak radioactive metal, followed by highlighting some common (domestic) uses. In a distinct but concise section, the bio-medical impact of thorium is presented. The classic technologies for obtaining thorium are concentrated in a single schema, and the speciation of thorium is presented with an emphasis on the formation of hydroxo-complexes and complexes with common organic reagents. The determination of thorium is highlighted on the basis of its radioactivity, but especially through methods that call for extraction followed by an established electrochemical, spectral or chromatographic method. Membrane processes are presented based on the electrochemical potential difference, including barro-membrane processes, electrodialysis, liquid membranes and hybrid processes. A separate sub-chapter is devoted to proposals and recommendations for the use of membranes in order to achieve some progress in urban mining for the valorization of thorium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geani Teodor Man
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.M.); (A.C.N.); (A.R.G.)
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenics and Isotopic Technologies—ICSI, 240050 Râmnicu Valcea, Romania
| | - Paul Constantin Albu
- Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology Department (DRMR), IFIN Horia Hulubei, 023465 Măgurele, Romania; (P.C.A.); (M.-R.I.)
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.M.); (A.C.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Alexandra Raluca Grosu
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.M.); (A.C.N.); (A.R.G.)
| | - Szidonia-Katalin Tanczos
- Department of Bioengineering, University Sapientia of Miercurea-Ciuc, 500104 Miercurea Ciuc, Romania;
| | - Vlad-Alexandru Grosu
- Department of Electronic Technology and Reliability, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 061071 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihail-Răzvan Ioan
- Radioisotopes and Radiation Metrology Department (DRMR), IFIN Horia Hulubei, 023465 Măgurele, Romania; (P.C.A.); (M.-R.I.)
| | - Gheorghe Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (G.T.M.); (A.C.N.); (A.R.G.)
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3
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Wang Q, Lin W, Chou S, Dai P, Huang X. Patterned membranes for improving hydrodynamic properties and mitigating membrane fouling in water treatment: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119943. [PMID: 37054608 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have been widely applied in water treatment over the past few decades. However, membrane fouling remains a hinderance for the widespread use of membrane processes because it decreases effluent quality and increases operating costs. To mitigate membrane fouling, researchers have been exploring effective anti-fouling strategies. Recently, patterned membranes are gaining attention as a novel non-chemical membrane modification for membrane fouling control. In this paper, we review the research on patterned membranes used in water treatment over the past 20 years. In general, patterned membranes show superior anti-fouling performances, which mainly results from two aspects: hydrodynamic effects and interaction effects. Due to the introduction of diversified topographies onto the membrane surface, patterned membranes yield dramatic improvements on hydrodynamic properties, e.g., shear stress, velocity field and local turbulence, restraining concentration polarization and foulants' deposition on the membrane surface. Besides, the membrane-foulant and foulant-foulant interactions play an important role in the mitigation of membrane fouling. Due to the existence of surface patterns, the hydrodynamic boundary layer is destroyed and the interaction force as well as the contact area between foulants and surface are decreased, which contributes to the fouling suppression. However, there are still some limitations in the research and application of patterned membranes. Future research is suggested to focus on the development of patterned membranes appropriate for different water treatment scenarios, the insights into the interaction forces affected by surface patterns, and the pilot-scale and long-term studies to verify the anti-fouling performances of patterned membranes in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weichen Lin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Shuren Chou
- Beijing OriginWater Membrane Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Pan Dai
- Beijing OriginWater Membrane Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 101407, China
| | - Xia Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Research and Application Center for Membrane Technology, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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4
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Khatri M, Francis L, Hilal N. Modified Electrospun Membranes Using Different Nanomaterials for Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:338. [PMID: 36984725 PMCID: PMC10059126 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining fresh drinking water is a challenge directly related to the change in agricultural, industrial, and societal demands and pressure. Therefore, the sustainable treatment of saline water to get clean water is a major requirement for human survival. In this review, we have detailed the use of electrospun nanofiber-based membranes (ENMs) for water reclamation improvements with respect to physical and chemical modifications. Although membrane distillation (MD) has been considered a low-cost water reclamation process, especially with the availability of low-grade waste heat sources, significant improvements are still required in terms of preparing efficient membranes with enhanced water flux, anti-fouling, and anti-scaling characteristics. In particular, different types of nanomaterials have been explored as guest molecules for electrospinning with different polymers. Nanomaterials such as metallic organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, dioxides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc., have opened unprecedented perspectives for the implementation of the MD process. The integration of nanofillers gives appropriate characteristics to the MD membranes by changing their chemical and physical properties, which significantly enhances energy efficiency without impacting the economic costs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art status, the opportunities, open challenges, and pitfalls of the emerging field of modified ENMs using different nanomaterials for desalination applications.
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5
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Koyama H, Mori T, Nagai K, Shimamoto S. Exploration of advanced cellulosic material for membrane filtration with outstanding antifouling property. RSC Adv 2023; 13:7490-7502. [PMID: 36908546 PMCID: PMC9993463 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08165b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes, at times, have issues due to membrane fouling. The membrane fouling leads to performance deterioration and poses a potential to clog the membrane. Here we present experimental works carried out with emphasis on the antifouling properties, chlorine resistance, and mechanical properties of cellulose triacetate (CTA) and cellulose esters. We present that antifouling performance of cellulose esters evaluated by means of the VCG theory decreases with increasing carbon number in the substituent because of the high electron-donating nature of short aliphatic ester groups. When a long aliphatic ester group is required in terms of other properties such as resistance to chlorine, introducing it together with another substituent with an electron-donating nature such as an ethylene glycol moiety may strike a balance between antifouling and other performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koyama
- Business Development Center, Innovation and Business Development Headquarters, Daicel Corporation Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Japan
| | - Taro Mori
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Japan.,Biomass Innovation Center, Daicel Corporation Japan
| | - Kanji Nagai
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Japan.,Life Sciences R&D Center, CPI Company, Daicel Corporation Japan
| | - Shu Shimamoto
- Business Development Center, Innovation and Business Development Headquarters, Daicel Corporation Japan.,Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Japan
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6
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Abdel-Aty AA, Ahmed RM, ElSherbiny IM, Panglisch S, Ulbricht M, Khalil AS. Superior Separation of Industrial Oil-in-Water Emulsions Utilizing Surface Patterned Isotropic PES Membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Yang M, Wang J, Zhang M, Liu K, Huang H. Particle oscillation at corrugated membrane-water interface: An in-situ direct observation and implication to membrane fouling control. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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8
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Barambu NU, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Samsuri S, Nordin NAHM, Arahman N. The Combined Effects of the Membrane and Flow Channel Development on the Performance and Energy Footprint of Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1153. [PMID: 36422145 PMCID: PMC9694986 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion filtration due to its excellent removal efficiency of microdroplets of oil in water. However, its performance is highly limited due to the fouling-prone nature of oil droplets on hydrophobic membranes. Membrane filtration typically suffers from a low flux and high pumping energy. This study reports a combined approach to tackling the membrane fouling challenge in oil/water emulsion filtration via a membrane and a flow channel development. Two polysulfone (PSF)-based lab-made membranes, namely PSF- PSF-Nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) and PSF-Vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS), were selected, and the flow channel was modified into a wavy path. They were assessed for the filtration of a synthetic oil/water emulsion. The results showed that the combined membrane and flow channel developments enhanced the clean water permeability with a combined increment of 105%, of which 34% was attributed to the increased effective filtration area due to the wavy flow channel. When evaluated for the filtration of an oil/water emulsion, a 355% permeability increment was achieved from 43 for the PSF-NIPS in the straight flow channel to 198 L m-2 h-1 bar-1 for the PSF-VIPS in the wavy flow channel. This remarkable performance increment was achieved thanks to the antifouling attribute of the developed membrane and enhanced local mixing by the wavy flow channel to limit the membrane fouling. The increase in the filtration performance was translated into up to 78.4% (0.00133 vs. 0.00615 kWh m-3) lower in pumping energy. The overall findings demonstrate a significant improvement by adopting multi-pronged approaches in tackling the challenge of membrane fouling for oil/water emulsion filtration, suggesting the potential of this approach to be applied for other feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiu Umar Barambu
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Jl. Syeh A. Rauf, No. 7, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
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9
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Shao S, Zeng F, Long L, Zhu X, Peng LE, Wang F, Yang Z, Tang CY. Nanofiltration Membranes with Crumpled Polyamide Films: A Critical Review on Mechanisms, Performances, and Environmental Applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12811-12827. [PMID: 36048162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been widely applied in many important environmental applications, including water softening, surface/groundwater purification, wastewater treatment, and water reuse. In recent years, a new class of piperazine (PIP)-based NF membranes featuring a crumpled polyamide layer has received considerable attention because of their great potential for achieving dramatic improvements in membrane separation performance. Since the report of novel crumpled Turing structures that exhibited an order of magnitude enhancement in water permeance ( Science 2018, 360 (6388), 518-521), the number of published research papers on this emerging topic has grown exponentially to approximately 200. In this critical review, we provide a systematic framework to classify the crumpled NF morphologies. The fundamental mechanisms and fabrication methods involved in the formation of these crumpled morphologies are summarized. We then discuss the transport of water and solutes in crumpled NF membranes and how these transport phenomena could simultaneously improve membrane water permeance, selectivity, and antifouling performance. The environmental applications of these emerging NF membranes are highlighted, and future research opportunities/needs are identified. The fundamental insights in this review provide critical guidance on the further development of high-performance NF membranes tailored for a wide range of environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senlin Shao
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Fanxi Zeng
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - Li Long
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Lu Elfa Peng
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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10
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Khalil A, Francis L, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N. 3D
printed membrane‐integrated spacers for enhanced antifouling in ultrafiltration. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khalil
- NYUAD Water Research Center New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Lijo Francis
- NYUAD Water Research Center New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Raed Hashaikeh
- NYUAD Water Research Center New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Nidal Hilal
- NYUAD Water Research Center New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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11
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Huyen DTT, Ray SS, Kim I, Kim M, Kwon Y. Structured pattern hollow fiber membrane designed via reverse thermally induced phase separation method for ultrafiltration applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Thi Thanh Huyen
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Saikat Sinha Ray
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - In‐Chul Kim
- Membrane Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young‐Nam Kwon
- Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology Ulsan Republic of Korea
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12
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Li H, Raza A, Yuan S, AlMarzooqi F, Fang NX, Zhang T. Biomimetic on-chip filtration enabled by direct micro-3D printing on membrane. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8178. [PMID: 35581265 PMCID: PMC9114119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11738-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-on-chip is of growing interest in a wide variety of high-throughput environmental and water research. Advances in membrane technology continuously provide novel materials and multi-functional structures. Yet, the incorporation of membrane into microfluidic devices remains challenging, thus limiting its versatile utilization. Herein, via micro-stereolithography 3D printing, we propose and fabricate a "fish gill" structure-integrated on-chip membrane device, which has the self-sealing attribute at structure-membrane interface without extra assembling. As a demonstration, metallic micromesh and polymeric membrane can also be easily embedded in 3D printed on-chip device to achieve anti-fouling and anti-clogging functionality for wastewater filtration. As evidenced from in-situ visualization of structure-fluid-foulant interactions during filtration process, the proposed approach successfully adopts the fish feeding mechanism, being able to "ricochet" foulant particles or droplets through hydrodynamic manipulation. When benchmarked with two common wastewater treatment scenarios, such as plastic micro-particles and emulsified oil droplets, our biomimetic filtration devices exhibit 2 ~ 3 times longer durability for high-flux filtration than devices with commercial membrane. This proposed 3D printing-on-membrane approach, elegantly bridging the fields of microfluidics and membrane science, is instrumental to many other applications in energy, sensing, analytical chemistry and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Aikifa Raza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Shaojun Yuan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Faisal AlMarzooqi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nicholas X Fang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - TieJun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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14
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A Review on the Use of Membrane Technology Systems in Developing Countries. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:membranes12010030. [PMID: 35054556 PMCID: PMC8779680 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fulfilling the demand of clean potable water to the general public has long been a challenging task in most developing countries due to various reasons. Large-scale membrane water treatment systems have proven to be successful in many advanced countries in the past two decades. This paves the way for developing countries to study the feasibility and adopt the utilization of membrane technology in water treatment. There are still many challenges to overcome, particularly on the much higher capital and operational cost of membrane technology compared to the conventional water treatment system. This review aims to delve into the progress of membrane technology for water treatment systems, particularly in developing countries. It first concentrates on membrane classification and its application in water treatment, including membrane technology progress for large-scale water treatment systems. Then, the fouling issue and ways to mitigate the fouling will be discussed. The feasibility of membrane technologies in developing countries was then evaluated, followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of the membrane technology implementation. Finally, the current trend of membrane research was highlighted to address future perspectives of the membrane technologies for clean water production.
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15
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Ward LM, Fickling BG, Weinman ST. Effect of Nanopatterning on Concentration Polarization during Nanofiltration. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:961. [PMID: 34940462 PMCID: PMC8707940 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Membranes used for desalination still face challenges during operation. One of these challenges is the buildup of salt ions at the membrane surface. This is known as concentration polarization, and it has a negative effect on membrane water permeance and salt rejection. In an attempt to decrease concentration polarization, a line-and-groove nanopattern was applied to a nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Aqueous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) solutions were used to test the rejection and permeance of both pristine and patterned membranes. It was found that the nanopatterns did not reduce but increased the concentration polarization at the membrane surface. Based on these studies, different pattern shapes and sizes should be investigated to gain a fundamental understanding of the influence of pattern size and shape on concentration polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven T. Weinman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (L.M.W.); (B.G.F.)
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16
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Wan Osman WNA, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Wibisono Y, Hernández Yáñez E, Md Saad J. A Review on Recent Progress in Membrane Distillation Crystallization. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Aisyah Wan Osman
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Normi Izati Mat Nawi
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS HICoE Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building Department of Chemical Engineering 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Universiti Brunei Darussalam Faculty of Integrated Technologies BE1410 Gadong Brunei
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Brawijaya University Department of Bioprocess Engineering 65141 Malang Indonesia
| | - Eduard Hernández Yáñez
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Barcelona TECH, Department of Agrifood Engineering and Biotechnology 08860 Castelldefels Spain
| | - Juniza Md Saad
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Science and Technology 97008 Bintulu Malaysia
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17
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Estimating the Reattachment Length by Realizing a Comparison between URANS k-Omega SST and LES WALE Models on a Symmetric Geometry. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13091555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a water reattachment length was calculated by adopting two different models. The first was based on Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) k-omega with Shear Stress Transport (SST); the second was a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) with Wall-Adapting Local Eddy-Viscosity (WALE). Both models used the same mesh and were checked with Taylor length-scale analysis. After the analysis, the mesh had 11,040,000 hexahedral cells. The geometry was a symmetrical expansion–contraction tube with a 4.28 expansion ratio that created mechanical energy losses, which were taken into account. Moreover, the reattachment length was estimated by analyzing the speed values; the change of speed value from negative to positive was used as the criterion to recognize the reattachment point.
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Effect of Membrane Materials and Operational Parameters on Performance and Energy Consumption of Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050370. [PMID: 34069360 PMCID: PMC8158739 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technology is one of reliable options for treatment of oil/water emulsion. It is highly attractive because of its effectiveness in separating fine oil droplets of <2 µm sizes, which is highly challenging for other processes. However, the progress for its widespread implementations is still highly restricted by membrane fouling. Most of the earlier studies have demonstrated the promise of achieving more sustained filtration via membrane material developments. This study addresses issues beyond membrane development by assessing the impact of membrane material (blend of polysulfone, PSF and polyethylene glycol, PEG), operational pressure, and crude oil concentration on the filtration performance of oil/water emulsion. The filtration data were then used to project the pumping energy for a full-scale system. Results show that fouling resistant membrane offered high oil/water emulsion permeability, which translated into a low energy consumption. The oil/water emulsion permeability was improved by three-fold from 45 ± 0 to 139 ± 1 L/(m2 h bar) for PSF/PEG-0 membrane in comparison to the most optimum one of PSF/PEG-60. It corresponded to an energy saving of up to ~66%. The pumping energy could further be reduced from 27.0 to 7.6 Wh/m3 by operation under ultra-low pressure from 0.2 to 0.05 bar. Sustainable permeability could be achieved when treating 1000 ppm oil/water emulsion, but severe membrane fouling was observed when treating emulsion containing crude oils of >3000 ppm to a point of no flux.
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19
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Development of Polysulfone Membrane via Vapor-Induced Phase Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112519. [PMID: 33137888 PMCID: PMC7692673 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discharge of improperly treated oil/water emulsion by industries imposes detrimental effects on human health and the environment. The membrane process is a promising technology for oil/water emulsion treatment. However, it faces the challenge of being maintaining due to membrane fouling. It occurs as a result of the strong interaction between the hydrophobic oil droplets and the hydrophobic membrane surface. This issue has attracted research interest in developing the membrane material that possesses high hydraulic and fouling resistance performances. This research explores the vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) method for the fabrication of a hydrophilic polysulfone (PSF) membrane with the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the additive for the treatment of oil/water emulsion. Results show that the slow nonsolvent intake in VIPS greatly influences the resulting membrane structure that allows the higher retention of the additive within the membrane matrix. By extending the exposure time of the cast film under humid air, both surface chemistry and morphology of the resulting membrane can be enhanced. By extending the exposure time from 0 to 60 s, the water contact angle decreases from 70.28 ± 0.61° to 57.72 ± 0.61°, and the clean water permeability increases from 328.70 ± 8.27 to 501.89 ± 8.92 (L·m−2·h−1·bar−1). Moreover, the oil rejection also improves from 85.06 ± 1.6 to 98.48 ± 1.2%. The membrane structure was transformed from a porous top layer with a finger-like macrovoid sub-structure to a relatively thick top layer with a sponge-like macrovoid-free sub-structure. Overall results demonstrate the potential of the VIPS process to enhance both surface chemistry and morphology of the PSF membrane.
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Wibisono Y, Fadila CR, Saiful S, Bilad MR. Facile Approaches of Polymeric Face Masks Reuse and Reinforcements for Micro-Aerosol Droplets and Viruses Filtration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2516. [PMID: 33126730 PMCID: PMC7692770 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the widespread of severe acute respiratory syndrome of coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease, the utilization of face masks has become omnipresent all over the world. Face masks are believed to contribute to an adequate protection against respiratory infections spread through micro-droplets among the infected person to non-infected others. However, due to the very high demands of face masks, especially the N95-type mask typically worn by medical workers, the public faces a shortage of face masks. Many papers have been published recently that focus on developing new and facile techniques to reuse and reinforce commercially available face masks. For instance, the N95 mask uses a polymer-based (membrane) filter inside, and the filter membrane can be replaced if needed. Another polymer sputtering technique by using a simple cotton candy machine could provide a cheap and robust solution for face mask fabrication. This review discuss the novel approaches of face mask reuse and reinforcement specifically by using membrane-based technology. Tuning the polymeric properties of face masks to enhance filterability and virus inactivity is crucial for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wibisono
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia;
| | - Cut Rifda Fadila
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65141, Indonesia;
| | - Saiful Saiful
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
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21
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Two-Step Dopamine-to-Polydopamine Modification of Polyethersulfone Ultrafiltration Membrane for Enhancing Anti-Fouling and Ultraviolet Resistant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092051. [PMID: 32916778 PMCID: PMC7569805 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydopamine has been widely used as an additive to enhance membrane fouling resistance. This study reports the effects of two-step dopamine-to-polydopamine modification on the permeation, antifouling, and potential anti-UV properties of polyethersulfone (PES)-based ultrafiltration membranes. The modification was performed through a two-step mechanism: adding the dopamine additive followed by immersion into Tris-HCl solution to allow polymerization of dopamine into polydopamine (PDA). The results reveal that the step of treatment, the concentration of dopamine in the first step, and the duration of dipping in the Tris solution in the second step affect the properties of the resulting membranes. Higher dopamine loadings improve the pure water flux (PWF) by more than threefold (15 vs. 50 L/m2·h). The extended dipping period in the Tris alkaline buffer leads to an overgrowth of the PDA layer that partly covers the surface pores which lowers the PWF. The presence of dopamine or polydopamine enhances the hydrophilicity due to the enrichment of hydrophilic catechol moieties which leads to better anti-fouling. Moreover, the polydopamine film also improves the membrane resistance to UV irradiation by minimizing photodegradation's occurrence.
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22
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Waqas S, Bilad MR, Man Z, Wibisono Y, Jaafar J, Indra Mahlia TM, Khan AL, Aslam M. Recent progress in integrated fixed-film activated sludge process for wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 268:110718. [PMID: 32510449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process is considered as one of the leading-edge processes that provides a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. IFAS was introduced as an advancement of the moving bed biofilm reactor by integrating the attached and the suspended growth systems. IFAS offers advantages over the conventional activated sludge process such as reduced footprint, enhanced nutrient removal, complete nitrification, longer solids retention time and better removal of anthropogenic composites. IFAS has been recognized as an attractive option as stated from the results of many pilot and full scales studies. Generally, IFAS achieves >90% removals for combined chemical oxygen demand and ammonia, improves sludge settling properties and enhances operational stability. Recently developed IFAS reactors incorporate frameworks for either methane production, energy generation through algae, or microbial fuel cells. This review details the recent development in IFAS with the focus on the pilot and full-scale applications. The microbial community analyses of IFAS biofilm and floc are underlined along with the special emphasis on organics and nitrogen removals, as well as the future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharjeel Waqas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Zakaria Man
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wibisono
- Bioprocess Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Natural Resources Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Defense Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, Pakistan
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Development of Hydrophilic PVDF Membrane Using Vapour Induced Phase Separation Method for Produced Water Treatment. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10060121. [PMID: 32560031 PMCID: PMC7345896 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10060121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During the production of oil and gas, a large amount of oily wastewater is generated, which would pollute the environment if discharged without proper treatment. As one of the most promising treatment options, membrane material used for oily wastewater treatment should possess desirable properties of high hydraulic performance combined with high membrane fouling resistance. This project employs the vapor induced phase separation (VIPS) technique to develop a hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an additive for produced water treatment. Results show that thanks to its slow nonsolvent intake, the VIPS method hinders additive leaching during the cast film immersion. The results also reveal that the exposure of the film to the open air before immersion greatly influences the structure of the developed membranes. By extending the exposure time from 0 to 30 min, the membrane morphology change from typical asymmetric with large macrovoids to the macrovoid-free porous symmetric membrane with a granular structure, which corresponds to 35% increment of steady-state permeability to 189 L·m−2h−1bar−1, while maintaining >90% of oil rejection. It was also found that more PEG content resides in the membrane matrix when the exposure time is extended, contributes to the elevation of surface hydrophilicity, which improves the membrane antifouling properties. Overall results demonstrate the potential of VIPS method for the fabrication of hydrophilic PVDF membrane by helping to preserve hydrophilic additive in the membrane matrices.
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Osman A, Mat Nawi NI, Samsuri S, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Khan AL, Jaafar J, Nordin NAH. Patterned Membrane in an Energy-Efficient Tilted Panel Filtration System for Fouling Control in Activated Sludge Filtration. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020432. [PMID: 32059397 PMCID: PMC7077623 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A membrane bioreactor enhances the overall biological performance of a conventional activated sludge system for wastewater treatment by producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse. However, membrane fouling hinders the widespread application of membrane bioreactors by reducing the hydraulic performance, shortening membrane lifespan, and increasing the operational costs for membrane fouling management. This study assesses the combined effect of membrane surface corrugation and a tilted panel in enhancing the impact of air bubbling for membrane fouling control in activated sludge filtration, applicable for membrane bioreactors. The filterability performance of such a system was further tested under variable parameters: Filtration cycle, aeration rate, and intermittent aeration. Results show that a combination of surface corrugation and panel tilting enhances the impact of aeration and leads to 87% permeance increment. The results of the parametric study shows that the highest permeance was achieved under short filtration–relaxation cycle of 5 min, high aeration rate of 1.5 L/min, and short switching period of 2.5 min, to yield the permeances of 465 ± 18, 447 ± 2, and 369 ± 9 L/(m2h bar), respectively. The high permeances lead to higher operational flux that helps to lower the membrane area as well as energy consumption. Initial estimation of the fully aerated system yields the energy input of 0.152 kWh/m3, much lower than data from the full-scale references of <0.4 kWh/m3. Further energy savings and a lower system footprint can still be achieved by applying the two-sided panel with a switching system, which will be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Osman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia; (A.O.); (N.I.M.N.); (S.S.); (N.A.H.N.)
| | - Normi Izati Mat Nawi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia; (A.O.); (N.I.M.N.); (S.S.); (N.A.H.N.)
| | - Shafirah Samsuri
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia; (A.O.); (N.I.M.N.); (S.S.); (N.A.H.N.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia; (A.O.); (N.I.M.N.); (S.S.); (N.A.H.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Asim Laeeq Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia; (A.O.); (N.I.M.N.); (S.S.); (N.A.H.N.)
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25
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Asad A, Rastgar M, Nazaripoor H, Sadrzadeh M, Sameoto D. Durability and Recoverability of Soft Lithographically Patterned Hydrogel Molds for the Formation of Phase Separation Membranes. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E108. [PMID: 31963872 PMCID: PMC7019999 DOI: 10.3390/mi11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogel-facilitated phase separation (HFPS) has recently been applied to make microstructured porous membranes by modified phase separation processes. In HFPS, a soft lithographically patterned hydrogel mold is used as a water content source that initiates the phase separation process in membrane fabrication. However, after each membrane casting, the hydrogel content changes due to the diffusion of organic solvent into the hydrogel from the original membrane solution. The absorption of solvent into the hydrogel mold limits the continuous use of the mold in repeated membrane casts. In this study, we investigated a simple treatment process for hydrogel mold recovery, consisting of warm and cold treatment steps to provide solvent extraction without changing the hydrogel mold integrity. The best recovery result was 96%, which was obtained by placing the hydrogel in a warm water bath (50 °C) for 10 min followed by immersing in a cold bath (23 °C) for 4 min and finally 4 min drying in air. This recovery was attributed to nearly complete solvent extraction without any deformation of the hydrogel structure. The reusability of hydrogel can assist in the development of a continuous membrane fabrication process using HFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Asad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada; (M.R.); (H.N.); (M.S.); (D.S.)
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