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Topa-Skwarczyńska M, Świeży A, Krok D, Starzak K, Niezgoda P, Oksiuta B, Wałczyk W, Ortyl J. Novel Formulations Containing Fluorescent Sensors to Improve the Resolution of 3D Prints. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:10470. [PMID: 36142382 PMCID: PMC9504832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing in SLA (stereolithography) and DLP (digital light processing) technologies has recently been experiencing a period of extremely rapid development. This is due to the fact that researchers recognise the many advantages of 3D printing, such as the high resolution and speed of the modelling and printing processes. However, there is still a search for new resin formulations dedicated to specific 3D printers allowing for high-resolution prints. Therefore, in the following paper, the effects of dyes such as BODIPY, europium complex, and Coumarin 1 added to light-cured compositions polymerised according to the radical mechanism on the photopolymerisation process speed, polymerisation shrinkage, and the final properties of the printouts were investigated. The kinetics of the photopolymerisation of light-cured materials using real-time FT-IR methods, as well as printouts that tangibly demonstrate the potential application of 3D printing technology in Industry 4.0, were examined. These studies showed that the addition of dyes has an effect on obtaining fluorescent prints with good resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa-Skwarczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Świeży
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dominika Krok
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Starzak
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Niezgoda
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oksiuta
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Weronika Wałczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Kraków, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Hola E, Gruchała A, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Non-destructive visual inspection of photocurable coatings based on fluorescent response of naked-eye visible colorimetric and fluorescent sensors. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Difunctional 1H-quinolin-2-ones as spectroscopic fluorescent probes for real-time monitoring of photopolymerisation process and photosensitizers of fluorescent photopolymer resin in 3D printing. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Topa M, Ortyl J. Novel Effective Photoinitiators for the Production of Dental Fillings. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2021. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.34.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology
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Topa-Skwarczyńska M, Galek M, Jankowska M, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Lalevée J, Popielarz R, Ortyl J. Development of the first panchromatic BODIPY-based one-component iodonium salts for initiating the photopolymerization processes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01263k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Herein, new iodonium salts based on a 4,4-difluoro-1,3,5,7,8-pentamethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indecene (B-1) chromophore have been introduced to 3D printing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa-Skwarczyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Mariusz Galek
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jankowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Cedex 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Cedex 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2 M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Cedex 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Roman Popielarz
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
- Photo4Chem Ltd., Lea 114, 30-133 Cracow, Poland
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Topa M, Ortyl J. Moving Towards a Finer Way of Light-Cured Resin-Based Restorative Dental Materials: Recent Advances in Photoinitiating Systems Based on Iodonium Salts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4093. [PMID: 32942676 PMCID: PMC7560344 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced polymerization of monomers is currently an essential tool in various industries. The photopolymerization process plays an increasingly important role in biomedical applications. It is especially used in the production of dental composites. It also exhibits unique properties, such as a short time of polymerization of composites (up to a few seconds), low energy consumption, and spatial resolution (polymerization only in irradiated areas). This paper describes a short overview of the history and classification of different typical monomers and photoinitiating systems such as bimolecular photoinitiator system containing camphorquinone and aromatic amine, 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione, phosphine derivatives, germanium derivatives, hexaarylbiimidazole derivatives, silane-based derivatives and thioxanthone derivatives used in the production of dental composites with their limitations and disadvantages. Moreover, this article represents the challenges faced when using the latest inventions in the field of dental materials, with a particular focus on photoinitiating systems based on iodonium salts. The beneficial properties of dental composites cured using initiation systems based on iodonium salts have been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
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Highly Effective Sensitizers Based on Merocyanine Dyes for Visible Light Initiated Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061242. [PMID: 32486061 PMCID: PMC7361998 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-(4-substituted-arylidene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-triones were tested as visible light sensitizers for phenyltrialkylborate salts applied to initiate polymerization processes. The initiation occurs as a result of photoinduced electron transfer from the borate salt to the merocyanine dye. The main factor that facilitates the step of the reaction is the free energy change for electron transfer. Its value is favorable according to the reduction properties of the dyes influenced by the type of amino groups and the oxidation potentials of the borate salts. The observed bleaching of the dyes during photopolymerization affects the yield of both the alkyl radical and sensitizer-based radical formation and thus the efficiency of the photopolymerization.
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Ścigalski F, Jędrzejewska B. Structural effect of oxazolone derivatives on the initiating abilities of dye-borate photoredox systems in radical polymerization under visible light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21487-21494. [PMID: 35518722 PMCID: PMC9054382 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three photoinitiating systems based on new oxazolone derivatives have been developed and their performance in initiation of radical polymerization of acrylate monomers has been tested by differential scanning calorimetry. The absorption characteristics of the oxazol-5(4H)-ones is compatible with the emission characteristics of different light sources like diode pulse solid state lasers. Thus, the dyes were used as sensitizers which are photoreduced during a photochemical reaction in the presence of phenyltriethylborate salt. Results showed that the increase in the dimensionality of the molecule extends the range of light absorption and increases the efficiency of the photoinitiation process. The photoreduction of the oxazolone–borate complex was studied using steady-state and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The dye singlet and triplet were found to be quenched by the electron donor via an electron transfer process. Rate constants for the quenching of the excited states were high and were found to depend on the dye structure. Three photoinitiating systems based on new oxazolone derivatives have been developed and their performance in initiation of radical polymerization of acrylate monomers has been tested by differential scanning calorimetry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ścigalski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| | - B. Jędrzejewska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
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Hola E, Topa M, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Pilch M, Fiedor P, Galek M, Ortyl J. New, highly versatile bimolecular photoinitiating systems for free-radical, cationic and thiol–ene photopolymerization processes under low light intensity UV and visible LEDs for 3D printing application. RSC Adv 2020; 10:7509-7522. [PMID: 35492177 PMCID: PMC9049847 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10212d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges. Remarkably, 1-amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are highly versatile allowing access to photoinitiating systems for (i) the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide monomers with a ring opening mechanism and vinyl ether monomers with chain growth mechanisms (ii) the free-radical photopolymerization of acrylate monomers, (iii) the photopolymerization of interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) based on epoxide and acrylate monomers under air and under laminate in an oxygen-free atmosphere (iv) the thiol–ene photopolymerization processes. Excellent polymerization profiles are obtained during all types of photopolymerization processes. The initiation mechanisms are analyzed through steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry and fluorescence experiments. Moreover, the newly developed bimolecular photoinitiating systems were investigated by applying an additive manufacturing process under visible light sources. Furthermore, vat photopolymerization processes using IPN compositions, which are polymerizable by using new photoinitiating systems, provide high resolution and speeds. For these reasons, new bimolecular photoinitiating systems are promising initiators for photopolymerization-based 3D printing process to fabricate 3D structures. 1-Amino-4-methyl-naphthalene-2-carbonitrile derivatives are proposed for the role of photosensitizers of iodonium salt during the photopolymerization processes upon near UV-A and visible ranges.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Hola
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Monika Topa
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Maciej Pilch
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | - Paweł Fiedor
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
| | | | - Joanna Ortyl
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Cracow University of Technology
- 31-155 Cracow
- Poland
- Photo HiTech Ltd
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