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Liang H, Yao R, Zhang G, Zhang X, Liang Z, Yang Y, Ning H, Zhong J, Qiu T, Peng J. A Strategy toward Realizing Narrow Line with High Electrical Conductivity by Electrohydrodynamic Printing. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020141. [PMID: 35207062 PMCID: PMC8879046 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing has proved to be an environmentally friendly, cost-effective and powerful tool in manufacturing electronic devices with a wire width of less than 50 μm. In particular, EHD printing is highly valued for the printing of ultrafine wire-width silver electrodes, which is important in manufacturing large-area, high-resolution micron-scale or even nanoscale structures. In this paper, we compare two methods of surface modification of glass substrate: UV treatment and oxygen plasma treatment. We found that oxygen plasma was better than UV treatment in terms of wettability and uniformity. Secondly, we optimized the annealing temperature parameter, and found that the conductivity of the electrode was the highest at 200 °C due to the smoothing silver electrode and the oxidation-free internal microstructure. Thirdly, we used EHD printing to fabricate silver electrodes on the glass substrate. Due to the decrease of conductivity as a result of the skin effect and the decrease of silver content, we found that driving voltage dropped, line width decreased, and the conductivity of silver line decreased. After the optimization of the EHD printing process, Ag electrode line width and conductivity reached 19.42 ± 0.24 μm and 6.01 × 106 S/m, demonstrating the potential of electro-hydraulic printing in the manufacturing of flexible, wearable, high-density, low-power-consumption electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Rihui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Guanguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Zhihao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Yuexin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Honglong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (T.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-4525 (H.N.)
| | - Jinyao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Intelligent Manufacturing, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (T.Q.); Tel.: +86-20-8711-4525 (H.N.)
| | - Junbiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (H.L.); (R.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.Z.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.Z.); (J.P.)
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Tsao CW, Wu ZK. Polymer Microchannel and Micromold Surface Polishing for Rapid, Low-Quantity Polydimethylsiloxane and Thermoplastic Microfluidic Device Fabrication. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2574. [PMID: 33147807 PMCID: PMC7692984 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based micromolding has been proposed as an alternative to SU-8 micromolding for microfluidic chip fabrication. However, surface defects such as milling marks may result in rough microchannels and micromolds, limiting microfluidic device performance. Therefore, we use chemical and mechanical methods for polishing polymer microchannels and micromolds. In addition, we evaluated their performance in terms of removing the machining (milling) marks on polymer microchannel and micromold surfaces. For chemical polishing, we use solvent evaporation to polish the sample surfaces. For mechanical polishing, wool felt polishing bits with an abrasive agent were employed to polish the sample surfaces. Chemical polishing reduced surface roughness from 0.38 μm (0 min, after milling) to 0.13 μm after 6 min of evaporation time. Mechanical polishing reduced surface roughness from 0.38 to 0.165 μm (optimal pressing length: 0.3 mm). As polishing causes abrasion, we evaluated sample geometry loss after polishing. Mechanically and chemically polished micromolds had optimal micromold distortion percentages of 1.01% ± 0.76% and 1.10% ± 0.80%, respectively. Compared to chemical polishing, mechanical polishing could better maintain the geometric integrity since it is locally polished by computer numerical control (CNC) miller. Using these surface polishing methods with optimized parameters, polymer micromolds and microchannels can be rapidly produced for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) casting and thermoplastic hot embossing. In addition, low-quantity (15 times) polymer microchannel replication is demonstrated in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
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Preparation of Nano Silver Paste and Applications in Transparent Electrodes via Electric-Field Driven Micro-Scale 3D Printing. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010107. [PMID: 31948105 PMCID: PMC7022831 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nano-silver paste, as an important basic material for manufacturing thick film components, ultra-fine circuits, and transparent conductive films, has been widely used in various fields of electronics. Here, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing nano-silver paste in printing technology and the problem that the existing printing technology cannot achieve the printing of high viscosity, high solid content nano-silver paste, a nano-silver paste suitable for electric-field-driven (EFD) micro-scale 3D printing is developed. The result shows that there is no oxidation and settlement agglomeration of nano-silver paste with a storage time of over six months, which indicates that it has good dispersibility. We focus on the printing process parameters, sintering process, and electrical conductivity of nano-silver paste. The properties of the nano-silver paste were analyzed and the feasibility and practicability of the prepared nano-silver paste in EFD micro-scale 3D printing technology were verified. The experiment results indicate that the printed silver mesh which can act as transparent electrodes shows high conductivity (1.48 Ω/sq) and excellent transmittance (82.88%). The practical viability of the prepared nano-silver paste is successfully demonstrated with a deicing test. Additionally, the experimental results show that the prepared silver mesh has excellent heating properties, which can be used as transparent heaters.
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