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Fdez-Sanromán A, Rosales E, Pazos M, Sanromán A. One-pot synthesis of bimetallic Fe-Cu metal-organic frameworks composite for the elimination of organic pollutants via peroxymonosulphate activation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-30026-5. [PMID: 37853214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30026-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of bimetallic of FeCu metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been synthesised using a solvothermal process by varying the ratio between the two metals. Further, the bimetallic MOF catalysts were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy techniques. Their catalytic properties for activation of peroxymonosulphate (PMS) have been tested by the removal of a model dye, rhodamine B. As a result, NH2-Fe2.4Cu1-MOF demonstrated the highest degradation, the effect of the ratio NH2-Fe2.4Cu1-MOF/PMS has been studied, and the main reactive species have been assessed. The application of these MOFs in powder form is difficult to handle in successive batch or flow systems. Thus, this study assessed the feasibility of growing NH2-Fe2,4Cu1-MOF on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) spheres using the one-pot solvothermal synthesis method. The optimisation of the catalytic activity of the synthesised composite (NH2-Fe2.4Cu1-MOF@PAN) has been evaluated by response surface methodology using a central composite face-centred experimental design matrix and selecting as independent variables: time, PMS concentration, and catalyst dosage. Based on the results, the optimisation of the operational conditions has been validated. At 2.5 mM PMS, 90 min, and 1.19 g·L-1 of catalyst dosage, maximum degradation (80.92%) has been achieved, which doubles the removal values obtained in previous studies with other MOFs. In addition, under these conditions, the catalyst has been proven to maintain its activity and stability for several cycles without activity loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Fdez-Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Emilio Rosales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Marta Pazos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Angeles Sanromán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas-Marcosende, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Yushkin AA, Balynin AV, Nebesskaya AP, Chernikova EV, Muratov DG, Efimov MN, Karpacheva GP. Acrylonitrile-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Ultrafiltration Membranes for Selective Asphaltene Removal from Crude Oil. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:775. [PMID: 37755197 PMCID: PMC10538228 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrafiltration membranes were developed via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation method for the removal of asphaltenes from crude oil. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and acrylonitrile copolymers with acrylic acid were used as membrane materials. Copolymerizing acrylonitrile with acrylic acid resulted in an improvement in the fouling resistance of the membranes. The addition of 10% of acrylic acid to the polymer chain decreases the water contact angle from 71° to 43°, reducing both the total fouling and irreversible fouling compared to membranes made from a PAN homopolymer. The obtained membranes with a pore size of 32-55 nm demonstrated a pure toluene permeance of 84.8-130.4 L/(m2·h·bar) and asphaltene rejection from oil/toluene solutions (100 g/L) of 33-95%. An analysis of the asphaltene rejection values revealed that the addition of acrylic acid increases the rejection values in comparison to PAN membranes with the same pore size. Our results suggest that the acrylonitrile-acrylic acid copolymer ultrafiltration membranes have promising potential for the efficient removal of asphaltenes from crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Yushkin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Alexey V. Balynin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Alexandra P. Nebesskaya
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Elena V. Chernikova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy G. Muratov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Mikhail N. Efimov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Galina P. Karpacheva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninsky Prospekt, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.B.); (A.P.N.); (E.V.C.); (D.G.M.); (M.N.E.); (G.P.K.)
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Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Pyrolysis of Polymethyl Methacrylate under Non-Uniform Radiative Heating. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245360. [PMID: 36559726 PMCID: PMC9785679 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PMMA material is widely used in the building and household industries, and its pyrolysis behavior is important for fire safety. In real fire conditions, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) material will receive non-uniform distributed radiative heat flux from heat sources (such as fire). However, most of the existing work on this subject is limited to one dimensional geometry with uniform heat flux. This paper investigates the heat transfer and pyrolysis mechanism of PMMA material under non-uniform radiative heat flux. A three-dimensional model is developed to this end with a consideration of in-depth radiation and surface heat loss. The results show that temperature and density contours are highly non-uniform inside the solid and there is both a high-temperature core and low-density core beneath the surface. The maximum temperature occurs at a location under the top surface.
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Maksimov NM, Toms RV, Balashov MS, Gerval’d AY, Prokopov NI, Plutalova AV, Kuzin MS, Skvortsov IY, Kulichikhin VG, Chernikova EV. Novel Potential Precursor of Carbon Fiber Based on Copolymers of Acrylonitrile, Acrylamide, and Alkyl Acrylates. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ahn H, Gwak HJ, Kim YM, Yu WR, Lee WJ, Yeo SY. Microstructure Analysis of Drawing Effect and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber According to Molecular Weight. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132625. [PMID: 35808684 PMCID: PMC9268880 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber is the most widely used carbon fiber precursor, and methyl acrylate (MA) copolymer is widely used for research and commercial purposes. The properties of P (AN-MA) fibers improve increasingly as the molecular weight increases, but high-molecular-weight materials have some limitations with respect to the manufacturing process. In this study, P (AN-MA) precursor fibers of different molecular weights were prepared and analyzed to identify an efficient carbon fiber precursor manufacturing process. The effects of the molecular weight of P (AN-MA) on its crystallinity and void structure were examined, and precursor fiber content and process optimizations with respect to molecular weight were conducted. The mechanical properties of high-molecular-weight P (AN-MA) were good, but the internal structure of the high-molecular-weight material was not the best because of differences in molecular entanglement and mobility. The structural advantages of a relatively low molecular weight were confirmed. The findings of this study can help in the manufacturing of precursor fibers and carbon fibers with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
| | - Hyeon Jung Gwak
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea;
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Fiber System Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Korea;
| | - Sang Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Ansan 15588, Korea; (H.A.); (H.J.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-8040-6068
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Shang L, Ao Y. Study on the structural evolution of polyacrylonitrile fibers in stepwise heat treatment process and its relationship with properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yuhui Ao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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Ahn H, Wee JH, Kim YM, Yu WR, Yeo SY. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fiber with Dry and Wet Drawing Process. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101613. [PMID: 34067591 PMCID: PMC8156771 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers are typically used as precursor fibers for carbon fiber production, produced through wet-spinning processes. The drawing process of the spun fiber can be classified into dry and wet drawing processes. It is known that the drawing stability and stretching ratio differ depending on the drawing process; however, the elementary characteristics are approximately similar. In this study, the mechanical properties of PAN fibers have been examined based on these two drawing processes with the differences analyzed through the analysis of microstructures. Further, to examine the composition of the fiber, element analysis has been conducted, and thereafter, the microstructure of the fiber is examined through X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, the characteristics of PAN fibers and its mechanical properties has been examined according to each drawing condition. There are differences in moisture content and microstructure according to the drawing process, and it affects the tensile behavior. The results obtained could have potential implications if the processes are combined, as it could result in a design for a stable and highly efficient drawing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunchul Ahn
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Jae-Hyung Wee
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.M.K.); (W.-R.Y.)
| | - Sang-Young Yeo
- Advanced Textile R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 143 Hanggaulro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan-si 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (H.A.); (J.-H.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Devadas S, Al-Ajrash SMN, Klosterman DA, Crosson KM, Crosson GS, Vasquez ES. Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun Poly(acrylonitrile- co-Methyl Acrylate)/Lignin Nanofibers: Effects of Lignin Type and Total Polymer Concentration. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13070992. [PMID: 33804867 PMCID: PMC8037837 DOI: 10.3390/polym13070992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignin macromolecules are potential precursor materials for producing electrospun nanofibers for composite applications. However, little is known about the effect of lignin type and blend ratios with synthetic polymers. This study analyzed blends of poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) (PAN-MA) with two types of commercially available lignin, low sulfonate (LSL) and alkali, kraft lignin (AL), in DMF solvent. The electrospinning and polymer blend solution conditions were optimized to produce thermally stable, smooth lignin-based nanofibers with total polymer content of up to 20 wt % in solution and a 50/50 blend weight ratio. Microscopy studies revealed that AL blends possess good solubility, miscibility, and dispersibility compared to LSL blends. Despite the lignin content or type, rheological studies demonstrated that PAN-MA concentration in solution dictated the blend’s viscosity. Smooth electrospun nanofibers were fabricated using AL depending upon the total polymer content and blend ratio. AL’s addition to PAN-MA did not affect the glass transition or degradation temperatures of the nanofibers compared to neat PAN-MA. We confirmed the presence of each lignin type within PAN-MA nanofibers through infrared spectroscopy. PAN-MA/AL nanofibers possessed similar morphological and thermal properties as PAN-MA; thus, these lignin-based nanofibers can replace PAN in future applications, including production of carbon fibers and supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitha Devadas
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (S.D.); (S.M.N.A.-A.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Saja M. Nabat Al-Ajrash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (S.D.); (S.M.N.A.-A.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Donald A. Klosterman
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (S.D.); (S.M.N.A.-A.); (D.A.K.)
| | - Kenya M. Crosson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
- Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
| | - Garry S. Crosson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA;
| | - Erick S. Vasquez
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; (S.D.); (S.M.N.A.-A.); (D.A.K.)
- Integrative Science and Engineering Center, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(937)-229-2627
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