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Bastos BM, Silva PPD, Rocha SFD, Bertolo J, Arias JLDO, Michelon M, Pinto LADA. Preparation of films based on reticulated fish gelatin containing garlic essential oil. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114496. [PMID: 38823843 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Agro-industrial co-products, such as fish gelatin, stand out for their capacity in forming biopolymeric films, being biocompatible and non-toxic; however, its hydrophilicity poses a challenge. Essential oils, rich in bioactives, attract research interest aiming to enhance the protective barrier of films and enable their application in packaging. This study produced films based on cross-linked Nile tilapia skin gelatin, incorporating garlic essential oil. Gelatin obtained through partial collagen hydrolysis from the fish skin and cross-linked with gallic acid had hydroxyproline content of 10.02 g 100 g-1 and gel strength of 287 g, which were consistent with other studies. Oil extraction used supercritical CO2 as a solvent and ethanol as a cosolvent, following a factorial experimental design, evaluating the extraction temperature (40 °C and 70 °C) and cosolvent ratio (1:1 and 1:3), with three central points. Extraction was successful, with higher yields on a dry basis at 70 °C (88.35 %), using a 1:1 cosolvent ratio. Films incorporated with oil exhibited lower water vapor permeability (WVP) than those with only cross-linked gelatin (1.59 (g m-1 s-1 Pa-1) 1011). The film with the most suitable tensile strength (19.07 MPa), elongation (120.91 %), and WVP (1.09 (g m-1 s-1 Pa-1) 1011) properties contained garlic oil extracted at the central point (55 °C and 1:2). Thermal analysis indicated increased melting temperatures in films with added oil, suggesting low thermal degradation. These results suggest that garlic oil addition can improve the properties of fish gelatin-based films, making them promising for biodegradable packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Moura Bastos
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Patrick Peres da Silva
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Faria da Rocha
- Federal Institute of Paraná - IFPR, Dr. Tito Street, 801, Jardim Panorama, Jacarezinho, PR, 86400-000, Brazil.
| | - Jordano Bertolo
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Jean Lucas de Oliveira Arias
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Mariano Michelon
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio de Almeida Pinto
- Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Itália Avenue, km 08, Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil.
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Taboun A, Jovanovic M, Petrovic M, Stajcic I, Pesic I, Stojanovic DB, Radojevic V. Citric Acid Cross-Linked Gelatin-Based Composites with Improved Microhardness. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1077. [PMID: 38674996 PMCID: PMC11054669 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of cross-linking and reinforcements in gelatin on the physico-mechanical properties of obtained composites. The gelatin-based composites cross-linked with citric acid (CA) were prepared: gelatin type B (GB) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and novel hybrid composite GB with β-TCP and hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles, and their structure, thermal, and mechanical properties were compared with pure gelatin B samples. FTIR analysis revealed that no chemical interaction between the reinforcements and gelatin matrix was established during the processing of hybrid composites by the solution casting method, proving the particles had no influence on GB cross-linking. The morphological investigation of hybrid composites revealed that cross-linking with CA improved the dispersion of particles, which further led to an increase in mechanical performance. The microindentation test showed that the hardness value was increased by up to 449%, which shows the high potential of β-TCP and HAp particle reinforcement combined with CA as a cross-linking agent. Furthermore, the reduced modulus of elasticity was increased by up to 288%. Results of the MTT assay on L929 cells have revealed that the hybrid composite GB-TCP-HA-CA was not cytotoxic. These results showed that GB cross-linked with CA and reinforced with different calcium phosphates presents a valuable novel material with potential applications in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrraouf Taboun
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Marija Jovanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Milos Petrovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Ivana Stajcic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, “Vinča” Institute of Nuclear Sciences—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovića Alasa 12–14, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pesic
- Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy—National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dusica B. Stojanovic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
| | - Vesna Radojevic
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11120 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.T.); (M.J.); (M.P.); (D.B.S.); (V.R.)
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Bhatia S, Shah YA, Al-Harrasi A, Jawad M, Khan TS, Koca E, Aydemir LY. Tuning the structure and physiochemical properties of sodium alginate and chitosan composite films through sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) crosslinking. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130463. [PMID: 38423442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP), an inorganic and non-toxic polyphosphate, has potential applications as a crosslinking agent in the fabrication of edible films. This study utilized STPP in the development of sodium alginate-chitosan composite films, with a focus on their suitability for food packaging applications. The results indicate that the incorporation of STPP led to an increase in film thickness (from 0.048 ± 0.004 to 0.078 ± 0.008 mm), elongation at break (from 11.50 ± 1.49 % to 15.88 ± 2.14 %), water permeation (from 0.364 ± 0.010 to 0.521 ± 0.021 gmm/(m2h*kPa)), and moisture content (from 25.98 ± 0.20 % to 28.12 ± 0.17 %). In contrast, there was a decrease in tensile strength (from 30.23 ± 2.08 to 25.60 ± 1.22 MPa) and swelling index (from 752.9 ± 17.1 to 533.5 ± 8.9 %). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the formation of distinctive needle-like microcrystals with the incorporation of STPP. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis indicated intermolecular interactions between STPP and the film-forming biopolymers. The data obtained from Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated enhanced thermal stability of STPP-loaded films at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the films exhibited increased DPPH scavenging activity with the addition of STPP. This study underscores the potential of STPP as a crosslinking agent for the development of composite edible films, suggesting applications in the field of food packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Bhatia
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman; School of Health Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Jawad
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Talha Shireen Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Esra Koca
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Levent Yurdaer Aydemir
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana 01250, Turkey
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Koohzad F, Asoodeh A. Development of a highly porous bioscaffold by the combination of bubble entrapping and freezing-thawing techniques to fabricate hyaluronic acid/gelatin tri-layer wound dressing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129206. [PMID: 38246452 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The electrospun nanofibers and porous scaffolds hold great promise in regenerative medicine. A novel nanofiber-hydrogel‑silicone tri-layer wound dressing has been designed and fabricated to address the limitations of each platform. The bottom nanofiber layer with a 110 mm diameter meets the wound surface and regulates cell attachment and migration. The middle hydrogel layer was fabricated through the optimization of chemical crosslink formation and freezing-thawing cycles (physical crosslink). The fabricated hydrogel with interconnected porous structure has optimized properties (gel fraction (89.45 %) and porosity (80 %)) for wound dressing application. The silicone layer on the outer surface was designed to fix the wound dressing on the skin and prevent the penetration of pathogens. The scanning electron microscope micrograph showed structural integrity in the tri-layer scaffold. In vivo data showed that the tri-layer scaffold accelerates wound healing in the mice model and angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, the designed scaffold inspired by the skin's structure can be used as a wound dressing to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Koohzad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Asoodeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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El-Ghoul Y, Alsamani S. Highly Efficient Biosorption of Cationic Dyes via Biopolymeric Adsorbent-Material-Based Pectin Extract Polysaccharide and Carrageenan Grafted to Cellulosic Nonwoven Textile. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:585. [PMID: 38475270 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and contamination have emerged as critical global challenges, requiring the development of effective and sustainable solutions for the treatment of contaminated water. Recently, functionalized polymer biomaterials have garnered significant interest because of their potential for a wide range of water treatment applications. Accordingly, this paper highlights the design of a new adsorbent material based on a cellulosic nonwoven textile grafted with two extracted biopolymers. The layer-by-layer grafting technique was used for the polyelectrolyte multi-layer (PEM) biosorbent production. Firstly, we extracted a Suaeda fruticosa polysaccharide (SFP) and confirmed its pectin-like polysaccharide structure via SEC, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical composition analyses. Afterward, the grafting was designed via an alternating multi-deposition of layers of SFP polymer and carrageenan crosslinked with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). FT-IR and SEM were used to characterize the chemical and morphological characteristics of the designed material. Chemical grafting via polyesterification reactions of the PEM biosorbent was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. SEM revealed the total filling of material microspaces with layers of grafted biopolymers and a rougher surface morphology. The assessment of the swelling behavior revealed a significant increase in the hydrophilicity of the produced adsorbent system, a required property for efficient sorption potential. The evaluation of the adsorption capabilities using the methylene blue (MB) as cationic dye was conducted in various experimental settings, changing factors such as the pH, time, temperature, and initial concentration of dye. For the untreated and grafted materials, the greatest adsorbed amounts of MB were 130.6 mg/g and 802.6 mg/g, respectively (pH = 4, T = 22 C, duration = 120 min, and dye concentration = 600 mg/L). The high adsorption performance, compared to other reported materials, was due to the presence of a large number of hydroxyl, sulfonate, and carboxylic functional groups in the biosorbent polymeric system. The adsorption process fitted well with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and Langmuir/Temkin adsorption isotherms. This newly developed multi-layered biosorbent shows promise as an excellent adsorption resultant and cheap-cost/easy preparation alternative for treating industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El-Ghoul
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
| | - Salman Alsamani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Mahmoud DB, Wölk C, Schulz-Siegmund M. Fabrication of 3D Printed, Core-and-Shell Implants as Controlled Release Systems for Local siRNA Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301643. [PMID: 37712605 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The development and clinical translation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies remains challenging owing to their poor pharmacokinetics. 3D printing technology presents a great opportunity to fabricate personalized implants for local and sustained delivery of siRNA. Hydrogels can mimic the mechanical properties of tissues, avoiding the problems associated with rigid implants. Herein, a thermoresponsive composite hydrogel suitable for extrusion 3D-printing is formulated to fabricate controlled-release implants loaded with siRNA-Lipofectamine RNAiMAX complexes. A hydrogel matrix mainly composed of uncharged agarose to protect siRNA from decomplexation is selected. Additionally, pluronic F127 and gelatin are added to improve the printability, degradation, and cell adhesion to the implants. To avoid exposing siRNA to thermal stress during the printing process, a core-and-shell design is set up for the implants in which a core of siRNA-complexes loaded-pluronic F127 is printed without heat and enclosed with a shell comprising the thermoresponsive composite hydrogel. The release profile of siRNA-complexes is envisioned to be controlled by varying the printing patterns. The results reveal that the implants sustain siRNA release for one month. The intactness of the released siRNA-complexes is proven until the eighth day. Furthermore, by changing the printing patterns, the release profiles can be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Drug Authority, Giza, 11553, Egypt
| | - Christian Wölk
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michaela Schulz-Siegmund
- Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, 04317, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Monroy Y, Rivero S, García MA. Liquid and Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Based on Cassava Starch and Gelatin Capsule Residue: Green Alternatives for the Packaging Industry. Foods 2023; 12:3982. [PMID: 37959101 PMCID: PMC10647541 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymer-based adhesives are green alternatives, necessary to reduce the problems impacted by synthetic adhesives. Starch and gelatin have extraordinary potential for the synthesis of biobased adhesives. Citric acid (CA), a natural acid, induces the crosslinking and hydrolyzing of both gelatin and starch. In this sense, this work deals with the use of gelatin capsule residues as a promising material to produce biobased adhesives in combination with cassava starch in the presence of different CA concentrations characterizing their mechanical, physicochemical and microstructural properties. Depending on CA concentration, formulations adjusted to different applications can be obtained such as liquid and pressure-sensitive adhesive films. The inclusion of CA allows us not only to improve the applicability of the system since it modifies the flowability of the adhesives as evidenced by the observed changes in the viscosity (from 158.3 to 90.3 for formulations with 20 and 80% CA, respectively). In addition, mechanical profiles showed that the inclusion of CA increased the adhesive bond strength (from 2230.7 to 2638.7 for formulations with 20 and 80% CA, respectively). Structural modifications induced by CA in adhesive formulations were highlighted by ATR-FTIR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliana Monroy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA-CONICET), 47 y 116 S/N, La Plata B1900AJJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (Y.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Sandra Rivero
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA-CONICET), 47 y 116 S/N, La Plata B1900AJJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (Y.M.); (S.R.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 S/N, La Plata B1900AJJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra García
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos (CIDCA-CONICET), 47 y 116 S/N, La Plata B1900AJJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina; (Y.M.); (S.R.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), 47 y 115 S/N, La Plata B1900AJJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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8
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Jarosz A, Kapusta O, Gugała-Fekner D, Barczak M. Synthesis and Characterization of Agarose Hydrogels for Release of Diclofenac Sodium. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6042. [PMID: 37687735 PMCID: PMC10488387 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are attractive biomaterials for the controlled release of various pharmaceuticals, due to their ability to embed biologically active moieties in a 3D polymer network. Among them, agarose-based hydrogels are an interesting, but still not fully explored, group of potential platforms for controlled drug release. In this work, agarose hydrogels with various contents of citric acid were prepared, and their mechanical and physicochemical properties were investigated using various instrumental techniques, such as rheological measurements, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). Releasing tests for diclofenac sodium (DICL) were run in various environments; water, PBS, and 0.01 M NaOH; which remarkably affected the profile of the controlled release of this model drug. In addition to affecting the mechanical properties, the amount of citric acid incorporated within a hydrogel network during synthesis was also of great importance to the rate of DICL release. Therefore, due to their high biocompatibility, agarose hydrogels can be regarded as safe and potential platforms for controlled drug release in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariusz Barczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (A.J.); (D.G.-F.)
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9
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Islam MS, Molley TG, Hung TT, Sathish CI, Putra VDL, Jalandhra GK, Ireland J, Li Y, Yi J, Kruzic JJ, Kilian KA. Magnetic Nanofibrous Hydrogels for Dynamic Control of Stem Cell Differentiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37643902 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in tissue consists of complex heterogeneous soft materials with hierarchical structure and dynamic mechanical properties dictating cell and tissue level function. In many natural matrices, there are nanofibrous structures that serve to guide cell activity and dictate the form and function of tissue. Synthetic hydrogels with integrated nanofibers can mimic the structural properties of native tissue; however, model systems with dynamic mechanical properties remain elusive. Here we demonstrate modular nanofibrous hydrogels that can be reversibly stiffened in response to applied magnetic fields. Iron oxide nanoparticles were incorporated into gelatin nanofibers through electrospinning, followed by chemical stabilization and fragmentation. These magnetoactive nanofibers can be mixed with virtually any hydrogel material and reversibly stiffen the matrix at a low fiber content (≤3%). In contrast to previous work, where a large quantity of magnetic material disallowed cell encapsulation, the low nanofiber content allows matrix stiffening with cells in 3D. Using adipose derived stem cells, we show how nanofibrous matrices are beneficial for both osteogenesis and adipogenesis, where stiffening the hydrogel with applied magnetic fields enhances osteogenesis while discouraging adipogenesis. Skeletal myoblast progenitors were used as a model of tissue morphogenesis with matrix stiffening augmenting myogenesis and multinucleated myotube formation. The ability to reversibly stiffen fibrous hydrogels through magnetic stimulation provides a useful tool for studying nanotopography and dynamic mechanics in cell culture, with a scope for stimuli responsive materials for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shariful Islam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas G Molley
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tzong-Tyng Hung
- Biological Resources Imaging Laboratory, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - C I Sathish
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Vina D L Putra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gagan K Jalandhra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jake Ireland
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Yancheng Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Jiabao Yi
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia
| | - Jamie J Kruzic
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Kristopher A Kilian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- School of Chemistry, Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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10
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Hasan R, Sumnu G, Sahin S, Oz E, Oz F. The Effects of Citric Acid Crosslinking on Fabrication and Characterization of Gelatin/Curcumin-Based Electrospun Antioxidant Nanofibers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1387. [PMID: 37507926 PMCID: PMC10375969 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofibers, produced through the novel method of electrospinning, have a high ratio of surface area to volume, which allows them to have different optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties than macroscale materials. In this study, it was aimed to produce nanofibers with gelatin and curcumin. The effects of gelatin concentration and crosslinking with citric acid on the characteristics of electrospun nanofibers were studied. Gelatin film containing neither citric acid nor curcumin was used as control. Solutions were evaluated by solution conductivity, color analysis, and rheological properties. Obtained nanofibers were characterized by morphological analysis (SEM), antioxidant activity (AA), thermal properties (TGA, XRD, DSC), water vapor permeability (WVP), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. It was found that the functional groups of gelatin were not changed significantly but some degree of crosslinking was seen, as indicated by the changes in AA, crystallinity, etc. Improvement in antioxidant activities was seen, which was the highest for gelatin and curcumin films (32%). The highest melting temperature (78 °C) and WVP (2.365 × 10-10 gm-1 s-1 Pa-1) was seen for gelatin and curcumin films crosslinked with 0.5% citric acid. Gelatin with curcumin films crosslinked with 1% citric acid showed the lowest crystallinity (1.56%). It was concluded that even though citric acid might not prove to be a stable crosslinking agent for the protein (gelatin), it contributed to the antioxidant nature of the films, along with curcumin. These films are promising candidates to be applied on cut fruits, to reduce water loss and oxidation and hence extend their shelf lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hasan
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Gulum Sumnu
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Serpil Sahin
- Department of Food Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Emel Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
| | - Fatih Oz
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Türkiye
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11
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Samani MA, Babaei S, Naseri M, Majdinasab M, Nafchi AM. Development and characterization of a novel biodegradable and antioxidant film based on marine seaweed sulfated polysaccharide. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3767-3779. [PMID: 37457178 PMCID: PMC10345713 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aims to produce an antioxidant and biodegradable polysaccharide film by using macroalgae agar and sulfated polysaccharide. Agar and sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) were extracted from Gracilaria corticata and Sargassum angustifolium macroalgae. Five treatments were conducted: (A) agar film (1%, W:V), (C) chitosan film (1%, W:V + 1% acetic acid), (AC) agar:chitosan composite (50:50, V:V), (ACF) AC film with fucoidan (0.5%, W:V), and (ACFA) ACF film with citric acid (30% of the dry weight of film) as a cross-linking agent. Then, 0.75% (V:V) of glycerol was added to all films. The physical, mechanical, antioxidant, color variations, microstructure (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were investigated. Based on the results, modifying the agar film with chitosan improved the mechanical strength, humidity, and solubility in the AC composite film (p < .05). Further, adding sulfated polysaccharide and citric acid cross-linking agent to the agar-chitosan composite led to a significant decrease in solubility, humidity, and permeability to water vapor in ACFA films (p < .05), indicating strong cross-linking and reduction in film pores based on the SEM pictures and FTIR results. However, the physical and mechanical properties of the agar-based film obtained from Gracilaria algae can be improved by adding chitosan and citric acid cross-linking agent, and the addition of fucoidan obtained from Sargassum algae has improved its antioxidant properties. This biodegradable film can be a good candidate for preserving perishable products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Asad Samani
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Sedigheh Babaei
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Mahmood Naseri
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Marjan Majdinasab
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of AgricultureShiraz UniversityShirazIran
| | - Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi
- Food Technology Division, School of Industrial TechnologyUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
- Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial TechnologyUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
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12
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Zhang W, Roy S, Assadpour E, Cong X, Jafari SM. Cross-linked biopolymeric films by citric acid for food packaging and preservation. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 314:102886. [PMID: 37002960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the development of degradable and biopolymeric food packaging films (BFPFs) based on green ingredients and strategies due to their biocompatibility, sustainability, and renewable nature of bio-materials. The performance of BFPFs can be improved either by modifying the biopolymer molecules or by combining them with various additives, including nanomaterials, cross-linkers, bioactive compounds and other polymers. Among them, green cross-linking technology is considered as an effective method to improve the performance of BFPFs; citric acid (CA) is widely used as a natural green cross-linker in different BFPFs. In this study, after an overview on CA chemistry, different types of BFPFs cross-linked by CA have been discussed. In addition, this work summarizes the application of CA cross-linked BFPFs/coatings for food preservation in recent years. The role of CA as a cross-linking agent differs in various types of biopolymers, i.e. polysaccharide-based, protein-based and biopolyester-based biopolymers. Moreover, the cross-linking of CA with different biopolymer molecules is mainly related to the CA content and reaction state; the cross-linking process is significantly influenced by conditions such as temperature and pH. In conclusion, this work shows that CA as a natural green cross-linking agent could improve the performance of different BFPFs and enhance their food preservation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Solan 173229, India
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan, Iran; Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xinli Cong
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran..
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13
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Wang Y, Chen S, Yao Y, Wu N, Xu M, Yin Z, Zhao Y, Tu Y. Effects of citric acid crosslinking on the structure and properties of ovotransferrin and chitosan composite films. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:268-281. [PMID: 36581036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ovotransferrin/chitosan (OVT/CS) composite films cross-linked by citric acid (CA) were prepared and the effects of CA cross-linking on the structure and physicochemical properties of the composite films were investigated. The cross-linking degree measured by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) method confirmed that CA was cross-linked with the matrix, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that more hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions were formed between CA and the matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope images revealed the compatibility between substances. The synergistic inhibition between the matrix results in a significantly higher antibacterial activity of the composite film than the pure film. Compared with uncross-linked films, the mechanical properties, barrier properties and water resistance of the cross-linked films were significantly improved. When the concentration of CA was 5 wt% (W/W, on a dry basis of the weight of OVT and CS), the most significant improvement in film performance was obtained. The tensile strength of the film increased from 32.05 MPa without cross-linking to 61.99 MPa and the swelling degree decreased from 51.5 % to 24.23 %. The observed phenomena suggest that cross-linking OVT and CS with CA can obtain functional edible films with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Shuping Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Na Wu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Mingsheng Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhongping Yin
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Yonggang Tu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Functional Food, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Agricultural Products Processing and Quality Control Engineering Laboratory of Jiangxi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Products Storage and Processing Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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14
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Bucciarelli A, Vighi N, Bossi AM, Grigolo B, Maniglio D. Porous Thermoplastic Molded Regenerated Silk Crosslinked by the Addition of Citric Acid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1535. [PMID: 36837163 PMCID: PMC9963811 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic molded regenerated silk fibroin was proposed as a structural material in tissue engineering applications, mainly for application in bone. The protocol allows us to obtain a compact non-porous material with a compression modulus in the order of a Giga Pascal in dry conditions (and in the order of tens of MPa in wet conditions). This material is produced by compressing a lyophilized silk fibroin powder or sponge into a mold temperature higher than the glass transition temperature. The main purpose of the produced resin was the osteofixation and other structural applications in which the lack of porosity was not an issue. In this work, we introduced the use of citric acid in the thermoplastic molding protocol of silk fibroin to obtain porosity inside the structural material. The citric acid powder during the compression acted as a template for the pore formation. The mean pore diameter achieved by the addition of the higher amount of citric acid was around 5 μm. In addition, citric acid could effectively crosslink the silk fibroin chain, improving its mechanical strength. This effect was proved both by evaluating the compression modulus (the highest value recorded was 77 MPa in wet conditions) and by studying the spectra obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This protocol may be applied in the near future to the production of structural bone scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Bucciarelli
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Vighi
- Vetrodomus S.P.A., Via G. Bormioli 48, 25135 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Maria Bossi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, BIOtech Research Center, University of Trento, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
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15
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Gieroba B, Kalisz G, Krysa M, Khalavka M, Przekora A. Application of Vibrational Spectroscopic Techniques in the Study of the Natural Polysaccharides and Their Cross-Linking Process. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032630. [PMID: 36768949 PMCID: PMC9916414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are one of the most abundant natural polymers and their molecular structure influences many crucial characteristics-inter alia hydrophobicity, mechanical, and physicochemical properties. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques, such as infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies are excellent tools to study their arrangement during polymerization and cross-linking processes. This review paper summarizes the application of the above-mentioned analytical methods to track the structure of natural polysaccharides, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, glucan, starch, chitosan, dextran, and their derivatives, which affects their industrial and medical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gieroba
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Grzegorz Kalisz
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mikolaj Krysa
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maryna Khalavka
- Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Industrial Technology of Drugs, National University of Pharmacy, Pushkins’ka 63 Street, 61002 Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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16
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Sapuła P, Bialik-Wąs K, Malarz K. Are Natural Compounds a Promising Alternative to Synthetic Cross-Linking Agents in the Preparation of Hydrogels? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:253. [PMID: 36678882 PMCID: PMC9866639 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to assess the potential use of natural cross-linking agents, such as genipin, citric acid, tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and vanillin in preparing chemically cross-linked hydrogels for the biomedical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Chemical cross-linking is one of the most important methods that is commonly used to form mechanically strong hydrogels based on biopolymers, such as alginates, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, and fibroin. Moreover, the properties of natural cross-linking agents and their advantages and disadvantages are compared relative to their commonly known synthetic cross-linking counterparts. Nowadays, advanced technologies can facilitate the acquisition of high-purity biomaterials from unreacted components with no additional purification steps. However, while planning and designing a chemical process, energy and water consumption should be limited in order to reduce the risks associated with global warming. However, many synthetic cross-linking agents, such as N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylates, epichlorohydrin, and glutaraldehyde, are harmful to both humans and the environment. One solution to this problem could be the use of bio-cross-linking agents obtained from natural resources, which would eliminate their toxic effects and ensure the safety for humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sapuła
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialik-Wąs
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Malarz
- A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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17
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Wang S, Chen H, Tong Y, Li Y, Zhang J, Chen C, Ren F, Hou C, Wang P. Composite films with properties improved by increasing the compatibility of sodium caseinate and zein in a heated 60% ethanol solvent. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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A Simple Preparation Method of Gelatin Hydrogels Incorporating Cisplatin for Sustained Release. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122601. [PMID: 36559095 PMCID: PMC9786307 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a new preparation method for cisplatin (CDDP)-incorporated gelatin hydrogels without using chemical crosslinking nor a vacuum heating instrument for dehydrothermal crosslinking. By simply mixing CDDP and gelatin, CDDP-crosslinked gelatin hydrogels (CCGH) were prepared. CDDP functions as a crosslinking agent of gelatin to form the gelatin hydrogel. Simultaneously, CDDP is incorporated into the gelatin hydrogel as a controlled release carrier. CDDP's in vitro and in vivo anticancer efficacy after incorporation into CCGH was evaluated. In the in vitro system, the CDDP was released gradually due to CCGH degradation with an initial burst release of approximately 16%. CDDP metal-coordinated with the degraded fragment of gelatin was released from CCGH with maintaining the anticancer activity. After intraperitoneal administration of CCGH, CDDP was detected in the blood circulation while its toxicity was low. Following intraperitoneal administration of CCGH in a murine peritoneal dissemination model of human gastric cancer MKN45-Luc cell line, the survival time was significantly prolonged compared with free CDDP solution. It is concluded that CCGH prepared by the CDDP-based crosslinking of gelatin is an excellent sustained release system of CDDP to achieve superior anticancer effects with minimal side effects compared with free CDDP solution.
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19
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Jayachandran B, Parvin TN, Alam MM, Chanda K, MM B. Insights on Chemical Crosslinking Strategies for Proteins. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238124. [PMID: 36500216 PMCID: PMC9738610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinking of proteins has gained immense significance in the fabrication of biomaterials for various health care applications. Various novel chemical-based strategies are being continuously developed for intra-/inter-molecular crosslinking of proteins to create a network/matrix with desired mechanical/functional properties without imparting toxicity to the host system. Many materials that are used in biomedical and food packaging industries are prepared by chemical means of crosslinking the proteins, besides the physical or enzymatic means of crosslinking. Such chemical methods utilize the chemical compounds or crosslinkers available from natural sources or synthetically generated with the ability to form covalent/non-covalent bonds with proteins. Such linkages are possible with chemicals like carbodiimides/epoxides, while photo-induced novel chemical crosslinkers are also available. In this review, we have discussed different protein crosslinking strategies under chemical methods, along with the corresponding crosslinking reactions/conditions, material properties and significant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Jayachandran
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600127, India
| | - Thansila N Parvin
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600127, India
| | - M Mujahid Alam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (B.M.)
| | - Balamurali MM
- Chemistry Division, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai 600127, India
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (B.M.)
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20
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Andrade F, Roca-Melendres MM, Llaguno M, Hide D, Raurell I, Martell M, Vijayakumar S, Oliva M, Schwartz S, Durán-Lara EF, Rafael D, Abasolo I. Smart and eco-friendly N-isopropylacrylamide and cellulose hydrogels as a safe dual-drug local cancer therapy approach. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 295:119859. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Gelatin films from wastes: a review of production, characterization, and application trends in food preservation and agriculture. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Gallic Acid Crosslinked Gelatin and Casein Based Composite Films for Food Packaging Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194065. [PMID: 36236013 PMCID: PMC9572812 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current work, we fabricated gelatin–casein-based edible films (GC-EFs) crosslinked with gallic acid (GA). We analyzed the physiochemical characteristics, crystallinity, thermal stability, and surface properties of the EFs using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the edible films possessed a semi-crystalline structure. Addition of GA enhanced the thermal stability of the edible films as well as the surface properties of the films. It was found that a higher concentration of GA (4–5% w/v) significantly improved the surface properties, observed in the surface and cross-sectional examination of SEM micrographs. EFs containing higher amounts of GA showed more compact and denser structures with smoother and more homogeneous surfaces than the control samples. In addition, swelling degree (SD), thickness, water solubility (WS), moisture content (MC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) were found to be low in EFs containing more GA concentration. Mechanical parameters revealed that the Young modulus (Ym) and tensile strength (TS) increased with a rise in GA concentration, and elongation at break (EB) reduced with a rise in GA concentration. In transparency and color analysis, it was observed that GA positively affected the transparency of the edible films.
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23
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Bio-Nanocomposite Based on Edible Gelatin Film as Active Packaging from Clarias gariepinus Fish Skin with the Addition of Cellulose Nanocrystalline and Nanopropolis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183738. [PMID: 36145881 PMCID: PMC9506570 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study develops bio-nano composite gelatin-based edible film (NEF) by combining nanogelatin, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), and nanopropolis (NP) fillers to improve the resulting film characteristics. The NEF was characterized in terms of thickness, swelling, pH, water content, solubility, vapor and oxygen permeability, mechanical properties, heat resistance, morphology, transparency, and color. The results showed that the thickness and swelling increased significantly, whilst the pH did not significantly differ in each treatment. The water content and the water solubility also showed no significant changes with loadings of both fillers. At the same time, vapor and oxygen permeability decreased with addition of the fillers but were not significantly affected by the loading amounts. The heat resistance properties increased with the filler addition. Tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased for the films loaded with >3% CNC. The elongation at break showed a significant difference together with transparency and color change. The greater the CNC concentration and NP loading were, the darker the resulting transparency and the color of the NEF. Overall results show a considerable improvement in the properties of the resulting NEFs with the incorporation of CNC and NP fillers.
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24
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Chakraborty I, N. P, Banik S, Govindaraju I, Das K, Mal SS, Zhuo G, Rather MA, Mandal M, Neog A, Biswas R, Managuli V, Datta A, Mahato KK, Mazumder N. Synthesis and detailed characterization of sustainable starch‐based bioplastic. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Chakraborty
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Pooja N.
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Soumyabrata Banik
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Indira Govindaraju
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Kuheli Das
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Sib Sankar Mal
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka India
| | - Guan‐Yu Zhuo
- Institute of New Drug Development China Medical University Taichung Taiwan
| | - Muzamil Ahmad Rather
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Manabendra Mandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Ashamoni Neog
- Applied Optics and Photonics Lab, Department of Physics Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Rajib Biswas
- Applied Optics and Photonics Lab, Department of Physics Tezpur University Tezpur Assam India
| | - Vishwanath Managuli
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Amitabha Datta
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Krishna Kishore Mahato
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal Karnataka India
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25
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Ferreira LP, Reis CP, Robalo TT, Melo Jorge ME, Ferreira P, Gonçalves J, Hajalilou A, Cruz MM. Assisted Synthesis of Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111870. [PMID: 35683726 PMCID: PMC9182555 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method with and without the assistance of an additive, namely, gelatin, agar-agar or pectin, using eco-friendly conditions and materials embodying a green synthesis process. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the structure and morphology of the nanoparticles. Magnetic properties were investigated by SQUID magnetometry and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results show that the presence of the additives implies a higher reproducibility of the morphological magnetic nanoparticle characteristics compared with synthesis without any additive, with small differences associated with different additives. To assess their potential for magnetic hyperthermia, water-based suspensions of these nanoparticles were prepared with and without citric acid. The stable solutions obtained were studied for their structural, magnetic and heating efficiency properties. The results indicate that the best additive for the stabilization of a water-based emulsion and better heating efficiency is pectin or a combination of pectin and agar-agar, attaining an intrinsic loss power of 3.6 nWg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana P. Ferreira
- Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
| | - César P. Reis
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Tiago T. Robalo
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
| | - M. E. Melo Jorge
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Paula Ferreira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Joana Gonçalves
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.F.); (J.G.)
| | - Abdollah Hajalilou
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
| | - Maria Margarida Cruz
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.P.R.); (T.T.R.); (M.E.M.J.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Cross-Linking Agents for Electrospinning-Based Bone Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105444. [PMID: 35628254 PMCID: PMC9141772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers are promising bone tissue scaffolds that support bone healing due to the body’s structural similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the insufficient mechanical properties often limit their potential in bone tissue regeneration. Cross-linking agents that chemically interconnect as-spun electrospun nanofibers are a simple but effective strategy for improving electrospun nanofibers’ mechanical, biological, and degradation properties. To improve the mechanical characteristic of the nanofibrous bone scaffolds, two of the most common types of cross-linking agents are used to chemically crosslink electrospun nanofibers: synthetic and natural. Glutaraldehyde (GTA) is a typical synthetic agent for electrospun nanofibers, while genipin (GP) is a natural cross-linking agent isolated from gardenia fruit extracts. GP has gradually gained attention since GP has superior biocompatibility to synthetic ones. In recent studies, much more progress has been made in utilizing crosslinking strategies, including citric acid (CA), a natural cross-linking agent. This review summarizes both cross-linking agents commonly used to improve electrospun-based scaffolds in bone tissue engineering, explains recent progress, and attempts to expand the potential of this straightforward method for electrospinning-based bone tissue engineering.
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Donato L, Nasser II, Majdoub M, Drioli E. Green Chemistry and Molecularly Imprinted Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:472. [PMID: 35629798 PMCID: PMC9144692 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Technological progress has made chemistry assume a role of primary importance in our daily life. However, the worsening of the level of environmental pollution is increasingly leading to the realization of more eco-friendly chemical processes due to the advent of green chemistry. The challenge of green chemistry is to produce more and better while consuming and rejecting less. It represents a profitable approach to address environmental problems and the new demands of industrial competitiveness. The concept of green chemistry finds application in several material syntheses such as organic, inorganic, and coordination materials and nanomaterials. One of the different goals pursued in the field of materials science is the application of GC for producing sustainable green polymers and membranes. In this context, extremely relevant is the application of green chemistry in the production of imprinted materials by means of its combination with molecular imprinting technology. Referring to this issue, in the present review, the application of the concept of green chemistry in the production of polymeric materials is discussed. In addition, the principles of green molecular imprinting as well as their application in developing greenificated, imprinted polymers and membranes are presented. In particular, green actions (e.g., the use of harmless chemicals, natural polymers, ultrasound-assisted synthesis and extraction, supercritical CO2, etc.) characterizing the imprinting and the post-imprinting process for producing green molecularly imprinted membranes are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Donato
- Institute on Membrane Technology, CNR-ITM, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87030 Rende, CS, Italy;
| | - Imen Iben Nasser
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l’Environnement, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (I.I.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Mustapha Majdoub
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Bd. de l’Environnement, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (I.I.N.); (M.M.)
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, CNR-ITM, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, 17/C, 87030 Rende, CS, Italy;
- Department of Engineering and of the Environment, University of Calabria, 87030 Rende, CS, Italy
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Centre of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Ismail I, Djide MN, Manggau MA, Rahman L. Physicochemical Properties of Milkfish Gelatin-Natural Starch Composite. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Halal gelatin sourced from fish can be improved in quality through mixing with other polymers so that it can be an alternative as food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic ingredient. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of milkfish scale gelatin after the formation of a composite with corn, potato, and cassava starch to be used as a pharmaceutical and food excipient.
The gelatin composite (FMG) of milkfish scales with corn, potato, and cassava starch (GM, GS, and GC) was made by casting method, using a ratio of gelatin and starch (4,5:0,5). Characteristic assessment includes organoleptic, viscosity, swelling index, FT-IR spectroscopy, and Calorimetry (DSC). Data analysis used a non-parametric One Way ANOVA statistical method (p<0.05).
The composites produced from mixing FMG with corn starch (GM), potato (GS) and cassava (GC) showed hygroscopic properties, increased viscosity values and decreased swelling index in GM (7.89 cP & 25.0%), GS (8 .36 cP & 21.0%), and GC (8.64 cP & 12.7%), compared to FMG (0.11 cP & 75%) at p < 0.05. The behavior of the composite FT-IR spectrum follows the FMG spectrum pattern with a shift in wavenumber in the typical bands (Amide A, Amide B, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III) in the gelatin spectrum. There was a shift of Tg to higher values in GM and GS, Tm increased in GM and GC, and all composites showed a decrease in melting enthalpy.
The spectral pattern of the composite follows the typical spectral pattern of FMG. GM, GS, and GC composites showed increased viscosity, water retention, and thermal stability compared to FMG. GM and GS may be used as pharmaceutical and food excipients.
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Khairunnisa-Atiqah MK, Salleh KM, Ainul Hafiza AH, Nyak Mazlan NS, Mostapha M, Zakaria S. Impact of Drying Regimes and Different Coating Layers on Carboxymethyl Cellulose Cross-Linked with Citric Acid on Cotton Thread Fibers for Wound Dressing Modification. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061217. [PMID: 35335548 PMCID: PMC8949679 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The oldest preservation techniques used are drying techniques, which are employed to remove moisture and prevent microorganisms’ growths, prolonging a material’s shelf life. This study evaluates the effects of drying methods on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) + citric acid (CA) coating layers on cotton threads. For this reason, cotton threads were washed and then coated with different layers of CMC cross-linked with CA, followed by drying using an oven (OD), infrared (IR), and a combination of oven + IR (OIR) drying methods at 65 °C. Our investigations revealed that CMC + CA yields a pliable biopolymer. The differences in drying regimes and coating layers of CMC + CA have a significant effect on the coated cotton thread strength and absorption capability. The study concluded that the IR drying regime is more effective to dry a single-layered cotton thread with a single layer of CMC + CA coating to enhance desirable properties for wound dressing modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Khalid Khairunnisa-Atiqah
- Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.K.K.-A.); (A.H.A.H.); (N.S.N.M.)
| | - Kushairi Mohd Salleh
- Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.K.K.-A.); (A.H.A.H.); (N.S.N.M.)
- Correspondence: authors: (K.M.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - A. H. Ainul Hafiza
- Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.K.K.-A.); (A.H.A.H.); (N.S.N.M.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, Dengkil 43800, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nyak Syazwani Nyak Mazlan
- Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.K.K.-A.); (A.H.A.H.); (N.S.N.M.)
| | - Marhaini Mostapha
- Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Sarani Zakaria
- Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.K.K.-A.); (A.H.A.H.); (N.S.N.M.)
- Correspondence: authors: (K.M.S.); (S.Z.)
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The utilization of cross-linked gelatin/PAMAM aerogels as heavy metal ions bio-adsorbents from aqueous solutions. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Catalyst-Free Crosslinking Modification of Nata-de-Coco-Based Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibres Using Citric Acid for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172966. [PMID: 34503006 PMCID: PMC8433797 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) has gained attention among researchers in materials science and bio-medicine due to its fascinating properties. However, BC’s fibre collapse phenomenon (i.e., its inability to reabsorb water after dehydration) is one of the drawbacks that limit its potential. To overcome this, a catalyst-free thermal crosslinking reaction was employed to modify BC using citric acid (CA) without compromising its biocompatibility. FTIR, XRD, SEM/EDX, TGA, and tensile analysis were carried out to evaluate the properties of the modified BC (MBC). The results confirm the fibre crosslinking phenomenon and the improvement of some properties that could be advantageous for various applications. The modified nanofibre displayed an improved crystallinity and thermal stability with increased water absorption/swelling and tensile modulus. The MBC reported here can be used for wound dressings and tissue scaffolding.
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33
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Ehrmann A. Non-Toxic Crosslinking of Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers for Tissue Engineering and Biomedicine-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1973. [PMID: 34203958 PMCID: PMC8232702 DOI: 10.3390/polym13121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning can be used to prepare nanofiber mats from diverse polymers, polymer blends, or polymers doped with other materials. Amongst this broad range of usable materials, biopolymers play an important role in biotechnological, biomedical, and other applications. However, several of them are water-soluble, necessitating a crosslinking step after electrospinning. While crosslinking with glutaraldehyde or other toxic chemicals is regularly reported in the literature, here, we concentrate on methods applying non-toxic or low-toxic chemicals, and enzymatic as well as physical methods. Making gelatin nanofibers non-water soluble by electrospinning them from a blend with non-water soluble polymers is another method described here. These possibilities are described together with the resulting physical properties, such as swelling behavior, mechanical strength, nanofiber morphology, or cell growth and proliferation on the crosslinked nanofiber mats. For most of these non-toxic crosslinking methods, the degree of crosslinking was found to be lower than for crosslinking with glutaraldehyde and other common toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ehrmann
- Working Group Textile Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematics, Bielefeld University of Applied Sciences, 33619 Bielefeld, Germany
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34
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Mousavi Z, Naseri M, Babaei S, Hosseini SMH, Shekarforoush SS. The effect of cross-linker type on structural, antimicrobial and controlled release properties of fish gelatin-chitosan composite films incorporated with ε-poly-l-lysine. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1743-1752. [PMID: 34051252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, active antibacterial cross-linked composite films were prepared through incorporating ε-poly-l-lysine (ε-PLL) into Siberian sturgeon gelatin-chitosan mixture. Cross-linking was performed by Glutaraldehyde (G) and/or Cinnamaldehyde (C). The antimicrobial, ε-PLL release, mechanical and morphological properties were then investigated. The addition of G to the biopolymer mixture significantly resulted in lower water vapor permeability, enhanced mechanical strength, lower moisture content, and water solubility. The FTIR spectra indicated the formation of imine bonds in the composite film network. The microstructure of composite films was affected by the cross-linking agent. The films cross-linked by G and C showed smooth and rough surfaces, respectively. C induced very small pores in the cross-section of the composite film. The composite films incorporated with ε-PLL revealed higher and steady-state in vitro antimicrobial properties against food spoilage bacteria. A higher release of ε-PLL and hence higher antibacterial activity was measured in the matrices cross-linked by C than those cross-linked by G. The results showed that the ε-PLL-fortified fish gelatin/chitosan composite films can be considered as a food-packaging material. G and C, as cross-linkers, can improve the structural and antimicrobial properties of this composite film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naseri
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sedigheh Babaei
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed Shahram Shekarforoush
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Salihu R, Abd Razak SI, Ahmad Zawawi N, Rafiq Abdul Kadir M, Izzah Ismail N, Jusoh N, Riduan Mohamad M, Hasraf Mat Nayan N. Citric acid: A green cross-linker of biomaterials for biomedical applications. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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36
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The effects of agar addition and ultrasound treatment on thermomechanical and physical properties of smooth hound (Mustellus mustellus) skin gelatin film. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Preparation and Characterization of a New Polymeric Multi-Layered Material Based K-Carrageenan and Alginate for Efficient Bio-Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13030411. [PMID: 33525384 PMCID: PMC7865780 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study highlights a novel bio-sorbent design based on polyelectrolyte multi-layers (PEM) biopolymeric material. First layer was composed of sodium alginate and the second was constituted of citric acid and k-carrageenan. The PEM system was crosslinked to non-woven cellulosic textile material. Resulting materials were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). FT-IR analysis confirmed chemical interconnection of PEM bio-sorbent system. SEM features indicated that the microspaces between fibers were filled with layers of functionalizing polymers. PEM exhibited higher surface roughness compared to virgin sample. This modification of the surface morphology confirmed the stability and the effectiveness of the grafting method. Virgin cellulosic sample decomposed at 370 °C. However, PEM samples decomposed at 250 °C and 370 °C, which were attributed to the thermal decomposition of crosslinked sodium alginate and k-carrageenan and cellulose, respectively. The bio-sorbent performances were evaluated under different experimental conditions including pH, time, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The maximum adsorbed amounts of methylene blue are 124.4 mg/g and 522.4 mg/g for the untreated and grafted materials, respectively. The improvement in dye sorption evidenced the grafting of carboxylate and sulfonate groups onto cellulose surface. Adsorption process complied well with pseudo-first-order and Langmuir equations.
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