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Shao W, Liu LZ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Song L. Investigation of Crystallization, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene/Polypropylene-Polyethylene Block Copolymer Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4680. [PMID: 38139931 PMCID: PMC10748373 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE)-based elastomers are the ideal choice for enhancing the compatibility of polypropylene/polyethylene (PP/PE) blends and improving the mechanical properties of PP-based materials. However, the issue of blend systems lies in the interplay between the crystallization processes. Therefore, we investigated the crystallization behavior during the cooling process of a new generation of PP/PE block copolymers (PP-b-PE) and random polypropylene (PPR, a copolymer of propylene and a small amount of ethylene or an alpha-olefin) blends using in-situ X-ray diffraction/scattering and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. We also conducted mechanical performance tests on PPR/PP-b-PE blends at room temperature and low temperature (-5 °C). The results indicate that during the cooling process, the PP phase of PP-b-PE will follow the PPR to crystallize in advance and form a eutectic mixture, thereby enhancing the compatibility of PP/PE. Moreover, the PPR/PP-b-PE blend will form stable β-(300) crystals with excellent mechanical properties. Due to the improved compatibility of PP/PE with PP-b-PE, PE crystals are dispersed within PP crystals, providing bonding that improves the toughness of PPR under the low stiffness failure conditions of PPR/PP-b-PE blends, thereby enhancing their impact performance at low and room temperatures. This research has great significance for both recycling waste plastics and enhancing the low-temperature toughness of PPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Shao
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
- Dongguan HAILI Chemical Material Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Lixin Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (W.S.); (L.-Z.L.); (Y.W.); (L.S.)
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Shu H, Song C, Yang L, Wang C, Chen D, Zhang X, Ma Y, Yang W. Self-Stabilized Precipitation Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride and Maleic Anhydride. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Changtong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of the Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers of the Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Fernandes EM, Lobo FCM, Faria SI, Gomes LC, Silva TH, Mergulhão FJM, Reis RL. Development of Cork Biocomposites Enriched with Chitosan Targeting Antibacterial and Antifouling Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030990. [PMID: 36770658 PMCID: PMC9921838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for bio-based and safer composite materials is increasing due to the growth of the industry, human population, and environmental concerns. In this framework, sustainable and safer cork-polymer composites (CPC), based on green low-density polyethylene (LDPE) were developed using melt-based technologies. Chitosan and polyethylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) were employed to enhance the CPC's properties. The morphology, wettability, mechanical, thermal, and antibacterial properties of the CPC against Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were examined. The CPC showed improved stiffness when compared with that of the LDPE matrix, preferably when combined with chitosan and PE-g-MA (5 wt. %), reinforcing the stiffness (58.8%) and the strength (66.7%). Chitosan also increased the composite stiffness and strength, as well as reduced the surface hydrophilicity. The CPCs' antibacterial activity revealed that cork significantly reduces the biofilm on the polymer matrix. The highest biofilm reduction was found with CPC containing cork and 5 wt. % chitosan for both P. putida (54% reduction) and S. aureus (36% reduction), confirming their potential to extend the lifespan of products for packaging and healthcare, among other applications. This work leads to the understanding of the factors that influence biofilm formation in cork composites and provides a strategy to reinforce their behavior using chitosan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-510900
| | - Flávia C. M. Lobo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara I. Faria
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago H. Silva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4806-909 Guimarães, Portugal
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Shahdan D, Rosli NA, Chen RS, Ahmad S. A Feasible Compatibilization Processing Technique for Improving the Mechanical and Thermal Performance of Rubbery Biopolymer/Graphene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14225009. [PMID: 36433138 PMCID: PMC9697640 DOI: 10.3390/polym14225009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, processing and compatibility have become challenging and interesting investigation areas of polymer matrix nanocomposites. This study investigated the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) at different ratios with graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) in poly(lactic acid)/modified natural rubber/polyaniline/GnP (PLA/m-NR/PANI/GnP) nanocomposites via two processing methods: a two-step technique and a one-pot technique. The former technique involved first preparing a master batch of PLA grafted with MAH, followed by a second step involving the melt blending of the nanocomposite (T1) using MAH-g-PLA. On the other hand, the one-pot technique involved the direct mixing of MAH during the melt-blending process (T2). The mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the prepared nanocomposites were investigated. The findings showed that adding MAH significantly improved the tensile strength and elongation at break by about 25% for PLA/m-NR/PANi/GnP nanocomposites, with an optimal ratio of 1:1 of MAH-g-PLA to GnP loading using the T1 technique. FTIR analysis confirmed the chemical interaction between MAH and PLA for T1 nanocomposites, which exhibited improved phase morphology with smoother surfaces. MAH-compatibilized nanocomposites had enhanced thermal stabilities when compared to the sample without a compatibilizer. The findings show that the compatibilized PLA nanocomposite is potentially suitable for bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Shahdan
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Afizah Rosli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruey Shan Chen
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +6014-9388795 (R.S.C.); +6019-3302096 (S.A.)
| | - Sahrim Ahmad
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (R.S.C.); (S.A.); Tel.: +6014-9388795 (R.S.C.); +6019-3302096 (S.A.)
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Crystallization, structure, and properties of polypropylene random copolymer (PPR) / high-density polyethylene/polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride((HDPE/PP)-g-MAH) blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Maou S, Meftah Y, Tayefi M, Meghezzi A, Grohens Y. Preparation and performance of an immiscible PVC-HDPE blend compatibilized with maleic anhydride (MAH) via in-situ reactive extrusion. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03016-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Garofalo E, Di Maio L, Scarfato P, Apicella A, Protopapa A, Incarnato L. Nanosilicates in Compatibilized Mixed Recycled Polyolefins: Rheological Behavior and Film Production in a Circular Approach. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11082128. [PMID: 34443957 PMCID: PMC8401472 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, plastic packaging represents a global challenge and has become a key point of attention for governments, media and consumers due to the visibility of the waste it generates. Despite their high resource efficiency, the perceived non-recyclability of polymeric films risks precluding them from being a relevant packaging solution in a circular economy approach. In this regard, the aim of this study was to implement a strategy to try closing the loop, via the mechanical recycling of post-consumer flexible packaging of small size (denoted as Fil-s) to obtain new films. In particular, two lots of Fil-s were used, which are PE/PP blends differing for the PP content and the presence of polar contaminants. The suitability for film blowing extrusion of these recycled materials, as such and after the addition of a compatibilizer and/or a lamellar nanosilicate, was evaluated. It was first evidenced that the difficulty of producing blown films with the pristine recycled materials, due to the frequent bubble breakages, occurring even at low draw ratios. Moreover, the shear and extensional rheological behavior of all Fil-s based systems was usefully correlated with their processability features, evidencing the key roles of the nanofiller to stabilize the bubble and of the compatibilizer to ensure a uniform film deformation, avoiding its premature breakage. Even if the adopted upgrading strategies allowed the production of blown films with both types of Fil-s, the different components of the recycled matrices were proven to significantly affect their processability and final film performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Garofalo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.G.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (L.I.)
| | - Luciano Di Maio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.G.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (L.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Scarfato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.G.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (L.I.)
| | - Annalisa Apicella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.G.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (L.I.)
| | - Antonio Protopapa
- COREPLA-Italian Consortium for the Collection and Recycling of Plastic Packages, Via del Vecchio Politecnico, 20121 Milano, Italy;
| | - Loredana Incarnato
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (E.G.); (P.S.); (A.A.); (L.I.)
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Wang C, Cheng J, Wang Y, Shao W, Liu L. Crystallization, structure, and enhanced mechanical property of
ethylene‐octene
elastomer crosslinked with dicumyl peroxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Xia Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Chen‐Chen Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Jia‐Hui Cheng
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Ying Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Wen‐Jun Shao
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
| | - Li‐Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang China
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Innovative high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composite with remarkable mechanical, thermal and recyclable properties for technical applications. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06627. [PMID: 33889767 PMCID: PMC8050362 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reinforcement materials are incorporated into a polymeric matrix to improve the mechanical properties and reduce the cost of the obtained composites. In this work, recycled high-density polyethylene/waste glass powder composites, compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene, were prepared using a two-roll mill and compression molding techniques. Four levels of waste glass powder, 2, 10, 20 and 30% by weight, and five levels of the compatibilizer, polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 5 and 7.5%by weight), were used. The effect of adding waste glass powder and compatibilizer concentration on the composite's mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile strain, tensile modulus and thermal properties was studied. The results showed that superior mechanical properties were obtained and that the tensile strength and modulus increased with increasing waste glass powder content and compatibilizer concentration by 20 and 1.5 wt%, respectively. However, the elongation at the break decreased with the increase in both factors. The composite, which was prepared under ideal conditions, has high thermal stability and can be easily recycled and reprocessed for five cycles with high mechanical properties. This study recommends that the prepared composite, under optimum conditions, can be used as a cost-effective automobile dashboard material.
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