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Fattahi N, Fattahi T, Kashif M, Ramazani A, Jung WK. Lignin: A valuable and promising bio-based absorbent for dye removal applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133763. [PMID: 39002913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The importance of environmental issues and the existence of humans have led to the recognition of environmental concerns as the main risk to modern life. Notably, one major concern for protecting and managing the environment and human health is the presence of dyes in wastewater. Therefore, before discharging wastewater into mainstream water, it is crucial to remove dyes. Among all lignocellulosic materials, lignin is a highly fragrant biopolymer. Its abundant availability, complex structure, and numerous functional moieties, including hydroxyl, carboxyl, and phenolic, are used in different chemicals and applications. Based on this, lignin is a very useful green material for adsorption, specifically in removing both heavy metals and organic pollutants from wastewater. This article describes the use of lignin-based adsorbents as a recent breakthrough in the removal of dye from aqueous solutions. On the other hand, the review intends to encourage readers to study both established and novel avenues in lignin-based dye removal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fattahi
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanya Fattahi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Center for Environmental and Energy Research (CEER) - Engineering of Materials via Catalysis and Characterization, Ghent University Global Campus, 119-5 Songdo munhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, 406-840, South Korea; Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 653 Coupure Links, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
| | - Ali Ramazani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran.
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare and New-Senior Healthcare Innovation Center (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang H, Xue K, Wang B, Ren W, Sun D, Shao C, Sun R. Advances in lignin-based biosorbents for sustainable wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 395:130347. [PMID: 38242243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The heavy metals, pesticides and dyes in agriculture and industry caused serious water pollution have increased the urgency for the advancement of biomass-based adsorbents due to their merits of low cost, high efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Thus, this review systematically examines the recent progress of lignin-based adsorbents dedicated to wastewater purification. Commencing with a succinct exposition on the intricate structure and prevalent forms of lignin, the review proceeds to expound rational design strategies tailored for lignin-based adsorbents coupled with adsorption mechanisms and regeneration methods. Emphasis is placed on the potential industrial applications of lignin-based adsorbents, accentuating their capacity for recovery and direct utilization post-use. The future challenges and outlooks associated with lignin-based adsorbents are discussed to provide novel perspectives for the development of high-performance and sustainable biosorbents, facilitating the effective removal of pollutants and the value-added utilization of resources in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wenfeng Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Dan Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311300, China
| | - Changyou Shao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Runcang Sun
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Lignocellulose Chemistry and BioMaterials, Liaoning Collaborative Innovation Center for Lignocellulosic Biorefinery, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Gigli V, Capecchi E, Tortolini C, Isidori A, Antiochia R, Saladino R. Tuning the Effect of Chitosan on the Electrochemical Responsiveness of Lignin Nanoparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37192401 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and lignin mixed nanoparticles were prepared by layer-by-layer and nanoprecipitation methodologies as responsive platforms for sustainable biosensors. The novel nanoparticles showed effective chemophysical and electrochemical properties dependent on the preparation methodology, molecular weight of chitosan, and type of lignin. HOMO-LUMO energy gap calculations suggested the presence of structure-activity relationships between the electrochemical responsiveness and the order and orientation of lignin aromatic subunits and chitosan chains in the nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gigli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Eliana Capecchi
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Cristina Tortolini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccarda Antiochia
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Saladino
- Department of Biological and Ecological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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Recent advances in lignin-based carbon materials and their applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:980-1014. [PMID: 36375669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
As the most abundant natural aromatic polymer, tens of million of tons of lignin produced in paper-making or biorefinery industry are used as fuel annually, which is a low-value utilization. Moreover, burning lignin results in large amounts of carbon dioxide and pollutants in the air. The potential of lignin is far from being fully exploited and the search for high value-added application of lignin is highly pursued. Because of the high carbon content of lignin, converting lignin into advanced carbon-based structural or functional materials is regarded as one of the most promising solutions for both environmental protection and utilization of renewable resources. Significant progresses in lignin-based carbon materials (LCMs) including porous carbon, activated carbon, carbon fiber, carbon aerogel, nanostructured carbon, etc., for various valued applications have been witnessed in recent years. Here, this review summarized the recent advances in LCMs from the perspectives of preparation, structure, and applications. In particular, this review attempts to figure out the intrinsic relationship between the structure and functionalities of LCMs from their recent applications. Hopefully, some thoughts and discussions on the structure-property relationship of LCMs can inspire researchers to stride over the present barriers in the preparation and applications of LCMs.
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Beaucamp A, Muddasar M, Crawford T, Collins MN, Culebras M. Sustainable lignin precursors for tailored porous carbon-based supercapacitor electrodes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1142-1149. [PMID: 36115449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable materials are attracting a lot of attention since they will be critical in the creation of the next generation of products and devices. In this study, hydrogels were effectively synthesized utilizing lignin, a non-valorised biopolymer from the paper industry. This study proposes a method based on utilizing lignin to create highly swollen hydrogels using poly(ethylene) glycol diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) as a crosslinking agent. The influence of different crosslinker ratios on the structural and chemical properties of the resultant hydrogels was investigated. Pore size was observed to be lowered when the amount of crosslinker was increased. The inclusion of additional hydrophilic groups in the hydrogel network decreased the swelling capacity of the hydrogels as the crosslinking density increases. These precursor materials were carbonised and electrochemically tested for application as electrodes for supercapacitors with capacitance characterized as a function of crosslinker ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Beaucamp
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Muhammad Muddasar
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; SFI Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland
| | - Tara Crawford
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Maurice N Collins
- Stokes Laboratories, School of Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; SFI Centre for Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research, Ireland.
| | - Mario Culebras
- Institute of Material Science, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Liu D, Gu W, Zhou L, Lei J, Wang L, Zhang J, Liu Y. From biochar to functions: Lignin induced formation of Fe3C in carbon/Fe composites for efficient adsorption of tetracycline from wastewater. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Recent Advances in Synthesis and Degradation of Lignin and Lignin Nanoparticles and Their Emerging Applications in Nanotechnology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030953. [PMID: 35160893 PMCID: PMC8838035 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an important commercially produced polymeric material. It is used extensively in both industrial and agricultural activities. Recently, it has drawn much attention from the scientific community. It is abundantly present in nature and has significant application in the production of biodegradable materials. Its wide usage includes drug delivery, polymers and several forms of emerging lignin nanoparticles. The synthesis of lignin nanoparticles is carried out in a controlled manner. The traditional manufacturing techniques are costly and often toxic and hazardous to the environment. This review article highlights simple, safe, climate-friendly and ecological approaches to the synthesis of lignin nanoparticles. The changeable, complex structure and recalcitrant nature of lignin makes it challenging to degrade. Researchers have discovered a small number of microorganisms that have developed enzymatic and non-enzymatic metabolic pathways to use lignin as a carbon source. These microbes show promising potential for the biodegradation of lignin. The degradation pathways of these microbes are also described, which makes the study of biological synthesis much easier. However, surface modification of lignin nanoparticles is something that is yet to be explored. This review elucidates the recent advances in the biodegradation of lignin in the ecological system. It includes the current approaches, methods for modification, new applications and research for the synthesis of lignin and lignin nanoparticles. Additionally, the intricacy of lignin’s structure, along with its chemical nature, is well-described. This article will help increase the understanding of the utilization of lignin as an economical and alternative-resource material. It will also aid in the minimization of solid waste arising from lignin.
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Peng FY, Wang PW, Liao W, Yu IS. Lignin Biopolymer for the Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and the Composite Applied for the Removal of Methylene Blue. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3847. [PMID: 34771404 PMCID: PMC8588178 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, lignin, an abundant natural polymer, was dissolved in ethylene glycol and acidic H2O to form nanoscale lignin. Then, zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles were synthesized in nanoscale lignin, producing a nZVI/n-lignin composite, via the borohydride reduction method. The use of nZVI/n-lignin for environmental remediation was tested by the removal of methylene blue in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The nZVI/n-lignin composite achieved a higher methylene blue removal ratio than that achieved by traditional nZVIs. Moreover, its excellent dispersibility in water and stability against oxidation in the air were observed. The functions of the nanoscale lignin in the composite material are (1) prevention of further growth and aggregation of the nZVI nanoparticles, (2) protection of nZVI from serious oxidation by H2O/O2, and (3) allowing better dispersibility of nZVI in aqueous solutions. These three functions are important for the field applications of nZVI/n-lignin, namely, to travel long distances before making contact with environmental pollutants. The present method for producing nZVI/n-lignin is straightforward, and the combination of nZVI and lignin is an efficient and environmentally friendly material for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ing-Song Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan; (F.-Y.P.); (P.-W.W.); (W.L.)
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Lignin-derived (nano)materials for environmental pollution remediation: Current challenges and future perspectives. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:394-423. [PMID: 33636266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The supply of affordable drinking and sufficiently clean water for human consumption is one of the world's foremost environmental problems and a large number of scientific research works are addressing this issue Various hazardous/toxic environmental contaminants in water bodies, both inorganic and organic (specifically heavy metals and dyes), have become a serious global problem. Nowadays, extensive efforts have been made to search for novel, cost effective and practical biosorbents derived from biomass resources with special attention to value added, biomass-based renewable materials. Lignin and (nano)material adorned lignin derived entities can proficiently and cost effectively remove organic/inorganic contaminants from aqueous media. As low cost of preparation is crucial for their wide applications in water/wastewater treatment (particularly industrial water), future investigations must be devoted to refining and processing the economic viability of low cost, green lignin-derived (nano)materials. Production of functionalized lignin, lignin supported metal/metal oxide nanocomposites or hydrogels is one of the effective approaches in (nano)technology. This review outlines recent research progresses, trends/challenges and future prospects about lignin-derived (nano)materials and their sustainable applications in wastewater treatment/purification, specifically focusing on adsorption and/or catalytic reduction/(photo)degradation of a variety of pollutants.
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Stepwise Ethanol-Water Fractionation of Enzymatic Hydrolysis Lignin to Improve Its Performance as a Cationic Dye Adsorbent. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112603. [PMID: 32503303 PMCID: PMC7321336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, lignin fractionation is proposed as an effective approach to reduce the heterogeneity of lignin and improve the adsorption and recycle performances of lignin as a cationic dye adsorbent. By stepwise dissolution of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin in 95% and 80% ethanol solutions, three lignin subdivisions (95% ethanol-soluble subdivision, 80% ethanol-soluble subdivision, and 80% ethanol-insoluble subdivision) were obtained. The three lignin subdivisions were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), FTIR, 2D-NMR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their adsorption capacities for methylene blue were compared. The results showed that the 80% ethanol-insoluble subdivision exhibited the highest adsorption capacity and its value (396.85 mg/g) was over 0.4 times higher than that of the unfractionated lignin (281.54 mg/g). The increased adsorption capacity was caused by the enhancement of both specific surface area and negative Zeta potential. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of 80% ethanol-insoluble subdivision by adsorption kinetics and isotherm studies was found to be 431.1 mg/g, which was much higher than most of reported lignin-based adsorbents. Moreover, the 80% ethanol-insoluble subdivision had much higher regeneration yield (over 90% after 5 recycles) compared with the other two subdivisions. Consequently, the proposed fractionation method is proved to be a novel and efficient non-chemical modification approach that significantly improves adsorption capacity and recyclability of lignin.
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