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Shen W, Mao Y, Ge X, Xu J, Hu J, Ao F, Wu S, Yan P. PLA tissue-engineered scaffolds loaded with sustained-release active substance chitosan nanoparticles: Modeling BSA-bFGF as the active substance. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133120. [PMID: 38876244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in the development of tissue-engineered scaffolds is both challenging and imperative. In our pursuit of creating a scaffold that aligns with the natural healing process, we initially fabricated chitosan-bFGF nanoparticles (CS-bFGF NPs) through electrostatic spraying. Subsequently, polylactic acid (PLA) fiber was prepared using electrospinning technique, and the CS-bFGF NPs were uniformly embedded within the pores of porous PLA fibers. Scanning electron micrographs illustrate the smooth surface of the nanoparticles, showing a porous structure intricately attached to PLA fibers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses provided conclusive evidence that the CS-bFGF NPs were uniformly distributed throughout the porous PLA fibers, forming a robust physical bond through electrostatic adsorption. The resultant scaffolds exhibited commendable mechanical properties and hydrophilicity, facilitating a sustained-release for 72 h. Furthermore, the biocompatibility and degradation performance of the scaffolds were substantiated by monitoring conductivity and pH changes in pure water over different time intervals, complemented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. Cell experiments confirmed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds. In animal studies, the group treated with 16 % NPs/Scaffold demonstrated the highest epidermal reconstruction rate. In summary, our developed materials present a promising candidate for serving as a tissue engineering scaffold, showcasing exceptional biocompatibility, sustained-release characteristics, and substantial potential for promoting epidermal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shen
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yueyang Mao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing, Nan Jing 210037, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiaru Hu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fen Ao
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shang Wu
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pi Yan
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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2
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Ndlovu SP, Motaung KSCM, Adeyemi SA, Ubanako P, Ngema L, Fonkui TY, Ndinteh DT, Kumar P, Choonara YE, Aderibigbe BA. Sodium alginate-based nanofibers loaded with Capparis Sepiaria plant extract for wound healing. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39037962 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2381375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Burn wounds are associated with infections, drug resistance, allergic reactions, odour, bleeding, excess exudates, and scars, requiring prolonged hospital stay. It is crucial to develop wound dressings that can effectively combat allergic reactions and drug resistance, inhibit infections, and absorb excess exudates to accelerate wound healing. To overcome the above-mentioned problems associated with burn wounds, SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers incorporated with Capparis sepiaria plant extract were prepared using an electrospinning technique. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the successful incorporation of the extract into the nanofibers without any interaction between the extract and the polymers. The nanofibers displayed porous morphology and a rough surface suitable for cellular adhesion and proliferation. SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against wound infection-associated bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobaterium smegmatis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, and Staphylococcus aureus. Cytocompatibility studies using HaCaT cells revealed the non-toxicity of the nanofibers. SA/PVA/PLGA/Capparis sepiaria and SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofibers exhibited hemostatic properties, resulting from the synergistic effect of the plant extract and polymers. The in vitro scratch wound healing assay showed that the SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofiber wound-healing capability is more than the plant extract and a commercially available wound dressing. The wound-healing potential of SA/PVA/Capparis sepiaria nanofiber is attributed to the synergistic effect of the phytochemicals present in the extract, their porosity, and the ECM-mimicking structure of the nanofibers. The findings suggest that the electrospun nanofibers loaded with Capparis sepiaria extract are promising wound dressings that should be explored for burn wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindi P Ndlovu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
| | | | - Samson A Adeyemi
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Philemon Ubanako
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Ngema
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thierry Y Fonkui
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Labs, Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Derek T Ndinteh
- Drug Discovery and Smart Molecules Research Labs, Centre for Natural Product Research, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Yahya E Choonara
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Deng X, Gould ML, Katare RG, Ali MA. Melt-extruded biocompatible surgical sutures loaded with microspheres designed for wound healing. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:055007. [PMID: 38917838 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5baa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Sutures are commonly used in surgical procedures and have immense potential for direct drug delivery into the wound site. However, incorporating active pharmaceutical ingredients into the sutures has always been challenging as their mechanical strength deteriorates. This study proposes a new method to produce microspheres-embedded surgical sutures that offer adequate mechanical properties for effective wound healing applications. The study used curcumin, a bioactive compound found in turmeric, as a model drug due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-bacterial properties, which make it an ideal candidate for a surgical suture drug delivery system. Curcumin-loaded microspheres were produced using the emulsion solvent evaporation method with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the aqueous phase. The microspheres' particle sizes, drug loading (DL) capacity, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were investigated. Microspheres were melt-extruded with polycaprolactone and polyethylene glycol via a 3D bioplotter, followed by a drawing process to optimise the mechanical strength. The sutures' thermal, physiochemical, and mechanical properties were investigated, and the drug delivery and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results showed that increasing the aqueous phase concentration resulted in smaller particle sizes and improved DL capacity and EE. However, if PVA was used at 3% w/v or below, it prevented aggregate formation after lyophilisation, and the average particle size was found to be 34.32 ± 12.82 μm. The sutures produced with the addition of microspheres had a diameter of 0.38 ± 0.02 mm, a smooth surface, minimal tissue drag, and proper tensile strength. Furthermore, due to the encapsulated drug-polymer structure, the sutures exhibited a prolonged and sustained drug release of up to 14 d. Microsphere-loaded sutures demonstrated non-toxicity and accelerated wound healing in thein vitrostudies. We anticipate that the microsphere-loaded sutures will serve as an excellent biomedical device for facilitating wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Deng
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M L Gould
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - R G Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtagoy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - M A Ali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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4
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Kayadurmus HM, Rezaei A, Ilhan E, Cesur S, Sahin A, Gunduz O, Kalaskar DM, Ekren N. Whey protein-loaded 3D-printed poly (lactic) acid scaffolds for wound dressing applications. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045045. [PMID: 38857605 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad565d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic skin wounds pose a global clinical challenge, necessitating effective treatment strategies. This study explores the potential of 3D printed Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) scaffolds, enhanced with Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC) at varying concentrations (25, 35, and 50% wt), for wound healing applications. PLA's biocompatibility, biodegradability, and thermal stability make it an ideal material for medical applications. The addition of WPC aims to mimic the skin's extracellular matrix and enhance the bioactivity of the PLA scaffolds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results confirmed the successful loading of WPC into the 3D printed PLA-based scaffolds. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed no significant differences in pore size between PLA/WPC scaffolds and pure PLA scaffolds. Mechanical strength tests showed similar tensile strength between pure PLA and PLA with 50% WPC scaffolds. However, scaffolds with lower WPC concentrations displayed reduced tensile strength. Notably, all PLA/WPC scaffolds exhibited increased strain at break compared to pure PLA. Swelling capacity was highest in PLA with 25% WPC, approximately 130% higher than pure PLA. Scaffolds with higher WPC concentrations also showed increased swelling and degradation rates. Drug release was found to be prolonged with increasing WPC concentration. After seven days of incubation, cell viability significantly increased in PLA with 50% WPC scaffolds compared to pure PLA scaffolds. This innovative approach could pave the way for personalized wound care strategies, offering tailored treatments and targeted drug delivery. However, further studies are needed to optimize the properties of these scaffolds and validate their effectiveness in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Meryem Kayadurmus
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Azadeh Rezaei
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 9th Floor Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Elif Ilhan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sumeyye Cesur
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine/Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Centre, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, 9th Floor Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Nazmi Ekren
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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5
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Álvarez-Carrasco F, Varela P, Sarabia-Vallejos MA, García-Herrera C, Saavedra M, Zapata PA, Zárate-Triviño D, Martínez JJ, Canales DA. Development of Bioactive Hybrid Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PLA/PMMA) Electrospun Fibers Functionalized with Bioglass Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6843. [PMID: 38999953 PMCID: PMC11241163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hybrid scaffolds that are based on PLA and PLA/PMMA with 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 weight ratios and functionalized with 10 wt.% of bioglass nanoparticles (n-BG) were developed using an electrospinning technique with a chloroform/dimethylformamide mixture in a 9:1 ratio for bone tissue engineering applications. Neat PLA and PLA/PMMA hybrid scaffolds were developed successfully through a (CF/DMF) solvent system, obtaining a random fiber deposition that generated a porous structure with pore interconnectivity. However, with the solvent system used, it was not possible to generate fibers in the case of the neat PMMA sample. With the increase in the amount of PMMA in PLA/PMMA ratios, the fiber diameter of hybrid scaffolds decreases, and the defects (beads) in the fiber structure increase; these beads are associated with a nanoparticle agglomeration, that could be related to a low interaction between n-BG and the polymer matrix. The Young's modulus of PLA/PMMA/n-BG decreases by 34 and 80%, indicating more flexible behavior compared to neat PLA. The PLA/PMMA/n-BG scaffolds showed a bioactive property related to the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals in the fiber surface after 28 days of immersion in a Simulated Body Fluids solution (SBF). In addition, the hydrolytic degradation process of PLA/PMMA/n-BG, analyzed after 35 days of immersion in a phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), was less than that of the pure PLA. The in vitro analysis using an HBOF-1.19 cell line indicated that the PLA/PMMA/n-BG scaffold showed good cell viability and was able to promote cell proliferation after 7 days. On the other hand, the in vivo biocompatibility evaluated via a subdermal model in BALC male mice corroborated the good behavior of the scaffolds in avoiding the generation of a cytotoxic effect and being able to enhance the healing process, suggesting that the materials are suitable for potential applications in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Álvarez-Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Pablo Varela
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | | | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biomecánica y Biomateriales, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Marcela Saavedra
- Grupo Polímeros, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Paula A Zapata
- Grupo Polímeros, Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Casilla 40, Correo 33, Santiago 9160000, Chile
| | - Diana Zárate-Triviño
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Juan José Martínez
- Centro de Ingeniería y Desarrollo Industrial, Av. Playa Pie de la Cuesta No. 702, Desarrollo San Pablo, Santiago de Querétaro 76125, Mexico
| | - Daniel A Canales
- Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Manuel Montt 948, Santiago 7500975, Chile
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6
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Ge X, Zhang L, Wei X, Long X, Han Y. Plasma Surface Treatment and Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Polylactic Acid Electrospun Fibrous Hemostatic Membrane. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1635. [PMID: 38931986 PMCID: PMC11207798 DOI: 10.3390/polym16121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, an improved PVA/PLA fibrous hemostatic membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology combined with air plasma modification. The plasma treatment was used to modify PLA to enhance the interlayer bonding between the PVA and PLA fibrous membranes first, then modify the PVA to improve the hemostatic capacity. The surfaces of the PLA and PVA were oxidized after air plasma treatment, the fibrous diameter was reduced, and roughness was increased. Plasma treatment enhanced the interfacial bond strength of PLA/PVA composite fibrous membrane, and PLA acted as a good mechanical support. Plasma-treated PVA/PLA composite membranes showed an increasing liquid-enrichment capacity of 350% and shortened the coagulation time to 258 s. The hemostatic model of the liver showed that the hemostatic ability of plasma-treated PVA/PLA composite membranes was enhanced by 79% compared to untreated PVA membranes, with a slight improvement over commercially available collagen. The results showed that the plasma-treated PVA/PLA fibers were able to achieve more effective hemostasis, which provides a new strategy for improving the hemostatic performance of hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yingchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Biomedical Materials and Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.G.); (L.Z.); (X.W.); (X.L.)
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7
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Zhang M, Han F, Duan X, Zheng D, Cui Q, Liao W. Advances of biological macromolecules hemostatic materials: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131772. [PMID: 38670176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Achieving hemostasis is a necessary intervention to rapidly and effectively control bleeding. Conventional hemostatic materials currently used in clinical practice may aggravate the damage at the bleeding site due to factors such as poor adhesion and poor adaptation. Compared to most traditional hemostatic materials, polymer-based hemostatic materials have better biocompatibility and offer several advantages. They provide a more effective method of stopping bleeding and avoiding additional damage to the body in case of excessive blood loss. Various hemostatic materials with greater functionality have been developed in recent years for different organs using diverse design strategies. This article reviews the latest advances in the development of polymeric hemostatic materials. We introduce the coagulation cascade reaction after bleeding and then discuss the hemostatic mechanisms and advantages and disadvantages of various polymer materials, including natural, synthetic, and composite polymer hemostatic materials. We further focus on the design strategies, properties, and characterization of hemostatic materials, along with their applications in different organs. Finally, challenges and prospects for the application of hemostatic polymeric materials are summarized and discussed. We believe that this review can provide a reference for related research on hemostatic materials, contributing to the further development of polymer hemostatic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Zhang
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Han
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xunxin Duan
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongxi Zheng
- School of Mechanical and Intelligent Manufacturing, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Cui
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China.
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8
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Ding Y, Zhu Z, Zhang X, Wang J. Novel Functional Dressing Materials for Intraoral Wound Care. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400912. [PMID: 38716872 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Intraoral wounds represent a particularly challenging category of mucosal and hard tissue injuries, characterized by the unique structures, complex environment, and distinctive healing processes within the oral cavity. They have a common occurrence yet frequently inflict significant inconvenience and pain on patients, causing a serious decline in the quality of life. A variety of novel functional dressings specifically designed for the moist and dynamic oral environment have been developed and realized accelerated and improved wound healing. Thoroughly analyzing and summarizing these materials is of paramount importance in enhancing the understanding and proficiently managing intraoral wounds. In this review, the particular processes and unique characteristics of intraoral wound healing are firstly described. Up-to-date knowledge of various forms, properties, and applications of existing products are then intensively discussed, which are categorized into animal products, plant extracts, natural polymers, and synthetic products. To conclude, this review presents a comprehensive framework of currently available functional intraoral wound dressings, with an aim to provoke inspiration of future studies to design more convenient and versatile materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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9
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Park H, Patil TV, Dutta SD, Lee J, Ganguly K, Randhawa A, Kim H, Lim KT. Extracellular Matrix-Bioinspired Anisotropic Topographical Cues of Electrospun Nanofibers: A Strategy of Wound Healing through Macrophage Polarization. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304114. [PMID: 38295299 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The skin serves as the body's outermost barrier and is the largest organ, providing protection not only to the body but also to various internal organs. Owing to continuous exposure to various external factors, it is susceptible to damage that can range from simple to severe, including serious types of wounds such as burns or chronic wounds. Macrophages play a crucial role in the entire wound-healing process and contribute significantly to skin regeneration. Initially, M1 macrophages infiltrate to phagocytose bacteria, debris, and dead cells in fresh wounds. As tissue repair is activated, M2 macrophages are promoted, reducing inflammation and facilitating restoration of the dermis and epidermis to regenerate the tissue. This suggests that extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, migrationand macrophage polarization. Among the numerous strategies, electrospinning is a versatile technique for obtaining ECM-mimicking structures with anisotropic and isotropic topologies of micro/nanofibers. Various electrospun biomaterials influence macrophage polarization based on their isotropic or anisotropic topologies. Moreover, these fibers possess a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, promoting the effective exchange of vital nutrients and oxygen, which are crucial for cell viability and tissue regeneration. Micro/nanofibers with diverse physical and chemical properties can be tailored to polarize macrophages toward skin regeneration and wound healing, depending on specific requirements. This review describes the significance of micro/nanostructures for activating macrophages and promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonseo Park
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Tejal V Patil
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sayan Deb Dutta
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Keya Ganguly
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Aayushi Randhawa
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Kim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Taek Lim
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Smart Agriculture, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
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10
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Zheng Q, Xi Y, Weng Y. Functional electrospun nanofibers: fabrication, properties, and applications in wound-healing process. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3359-3378. [PMID: 38259986 PMCID: PMC10801448 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07075a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrostatic spinning as a technique for producing nanoscale fibers has recently attracted increasing attention due to its simplicity, versatility, and loadability. Nanofibers prepared by electrostatic spinning have been widely studied, especially in biomedical applications, because of their high specific surface area, high porosity, easy size control, and easy surface functionalization. Wound healing is a highly complex and dynamic process that is a crucial step in the body's healing process to recover from tissue injury or other forms of damage. Single-component nanofibers are more or less limited in terms of structural properties and do not fully satisfy various needs of the materials. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature on the use of electrostatically spun nanofibers to promote wound healing, to overview the infinite possibilities for researchers to tap into their biomedical applications through functional composite modification of nanofibers for advanced and multifunctional materials, and to propose directions and perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlan Zheng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yuewei Xi
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Light Industry Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
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11
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Firouzi Amandi A, Shahrtash SA, Kalavi S, Moliani A, Mousazadeh H, Rezai Seghin Sara M, Dadashpour M. Fabrication and characterization of metformin-loaded PLGA/Collagen nanofibers for modulation of macrophage polarization for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. BMC Biotechnol 2023; 23:55. [PMID: 38115008 PMCID: PMC10731790 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-023-00825-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine, the accessibility of engineered scaffolds that modulate inflammatory states is extremely necessary. The aim of the current work was to assess the efficacy of metformin (MET) incorporated in PLGA/Collagen nanofibers (Met-PLGA/Col NFs) to modulate RAW264.7 macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory status (M1) to anti-inflammatory status (M2). Given this, MET-PLGA/Col NFs were fabricated using an electrospinning technique. Structural characterization such as morphology, chemical and mechanical properties, and drug discharge pattern were assessed. MTT assay test exposed that MET-PLGA/Col NFs remarkably had increased cell survival in comparison with pure PLGA/Collagen NFs and control (p < 0.05) 72 h after incubation. Based on the qPCR assay, a reduction in the expression of iNOS-2 and SOCS3 was found in the cells seeded on MET-PLGA/Col NFs, demonstrating the substantial modulation of the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, it was determined a main decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediator's expression but the growth factors amount related to anti-inflammatory M2 were meaningfully upregulated. Finally, MET-PLGA/Col NFs possibly will ensure a beneficial potential for effective variation of the macrophage response from an inflammatory phase (M1) to a pro-regenerative (M2) phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaylan Kalavi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Moliani
- Isfahan Medical Students Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mousazadeh
- Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Dadashpour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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12
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Mahmoudi M, Alizadeh P, Soltani M. Wound healing performance of electrospun PVA/70S30C bioactive glass/Ag nanoparticles mats decorated with curcumin: In vitro and in vivo investigations. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213530. [PMID: 37356283 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible fibrous scaffold containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), 70S30C bioactive glass (BG), silver (Ag) nanoparticles and curcumin (Cur) was fabricated through electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were employed to investigate the morphological characteristics of the scaffolds. In addition, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and contact angle were studied as criteria for evaluating physical properties of the scaffolds. Tensile strength was reported to be 0.971 ± 0.093 MPa. Also, the viability of fibroblasts after 7 days of cell culture was 93.58 ± 1.36 %. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was illustrated using inhibition zones of 13.12 ± 0.69 and 14.21 ± 1.37 mm, respectively. Histological results revealed that tissue regeneration after 14 days of surgery was much higher for the dressing group compared to the blank group. According to the obtained results, the authors introduce the PVA-BG-Ag-Cur scaffold as a promising candidate for skin tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Mahmoudi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Alizadeh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Tarbiat Modares University, P. O. Box: 14115-143, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Navarro M, González-Lizana D, Sánchez-Barba LF, Garcés A, Fernández I, Lara-Sánchez A, Rodríguez AM. Development of Heterobimetallic Al/Mg Complexes for the Very Rapid Ring-Opening Polymerization of Lactides. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:14833-14837. [PMID: 37676111 PMCID: PMC10521010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The successful architecture of active catalytic species with enhanced efficiencies is critical for the optimal exploitation of sustainable resources in industrially demanded processes. In this work, we describe the preparation of novel helical heterobimetallic Al/Mg-based complexes of the type [AlMe2(pbpamd-)MgR{κ1-O-(OC4H8O)}] [R = Et (1a), tBu (2a)] as potential catalysts. The design was performed through the sequential addition of the Al fragment to the ligand, followed by the Mg platform, resulting in a planar π-C2N2(sp2)-Al/Mg bridging core between metals. The new heterobimetallic species have been unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray analysis. NOESY, DOSY, and EXSY NMR studies as well as density functional theory calculations corroborate both a rearrangement in solution to scorpionate complexes containing an unprecedented apical carbanion with a direct σ-C(sp3)-Al covalent bond named [{Mg(R)(pbpamd-) Al(Me)2}] [R = Et (1b), tBu (2b)] and an interconversion equilibrium between both isomers. We verified their utility and high efficiency as catalysts in the well-controlled ring-opening polymerization of the biorenewable l- and rac-lactide (LA) at 23 °C, reaching a remarkable turnover frequency value close to 25000 h-1 for rac-LA at this temperature and exerting a significant level of heteroselectivity (Pr = 0.80). Very interestingly, the kinetics demonstrate apparent first-order with respect to the catalyst and LA, which supports a synergic intramolecular cooperation between centers with electronic modulation among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Navarro
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Castilla—La
Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - David González-Lizana
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis F. Sánchez-Barba
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Garcés
- Departamento
de Biología y Geología, Física y Química
Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan
Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agustín Lara-Sánchez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Castilla—La
Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M. Rodríguez
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA),
Campus Universitario, Universidad de Castilla—La
Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
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14
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Yang J, Xu L. Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes with Various Structures for Wound Dressing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6021. [PMID: 37687713 PMCID: PMC10488510 DOI: 10.3390/ma16176021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber membranes (NFMs) have high porosity and a large specific surface area, which provide a suitable environment for the complex and dynamic wound healing process and a large number of sites for carrying wound healing factors. Further, the design of the nanofiber structure can imitate the structure of the human dermis, similar to the natural extracellular matrix, which better promotes the hemostasis, anti-inflammatory and healing of wounds. Therefore, it has been widely studied in the field of wound dressing. This review article overviews the development of electrospinning technology and the application of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressings. It begins with an introduction to the history, working principles, and transformation of electrospinning, with a focus on the selection of electrospun nanofiber materials, incorporation of functional therapeutic factors, and structural design of nanofibers and nanofiber membranes. Moreover, the wide application of electrospun NFMs containing therapeutic factors in wound healing is classified based on their special functions, such as hemostasis, antibacterial and cell proliferation promotion. This article also highlights the structural design of electrospun nanofibers in wound dressing, including porous structures, bead structures, core-shell structures, ordered structures, and multilayer nanofiber membrane structures. Finally, their advantages and limitations are discussed, and the challenges faced in their application for wound dressings are analyzed to promote further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Lan Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Engineering, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China;
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Textile Dyeing and Printing for Energy Conservation, Discharge Re-Duction and Cleaner Production (ERC), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Chen HL, Chung JWY, Yan VCM, Wong TKS. Polylactic Acid-Based Biomaterials in Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. Adv Skin Wound Care 2023; 36:1-8. [PMID: 37530559 DOI: 10.1097/asw.0000000000000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine (1) the effectiveness of polylactic acid (PLA)-based biomaterials in wound healing, (2) their effects on wound infection prevention, and (3) their safety compared with existing biomaterials. DATA SOURCES Data sources included PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WEIPU, and WANFANG databases. STUDY SELECTION Investigators included 14 studies discussing the effects of PLA-based biomaterials in cutaneous wound healing published from 2000 to 2021. DATA EXTRACTION Authors extracted the following information from the selected studies: general information, study type, type of wound, PLA-based biomaterials and techniques, study period, outcome measures, and results. DATA SYNTHESIS Polylactic acid-based biomaterials may promote wound healing through wound area repair, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and cell activities, which are related to the good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and moisture management properties of PLA. A proper product structure may also help. Both the native PLA materials and PLA blends seem to be antibacterial, although more evidence is needed for the native PLA products. Because there was no severe adverse event or obvious cytotoxicity observed in the included studies, PLA-based biomaterials are likely safe. CONCLUSIONS Polylactic acid-based biomaterials may be good wound dressing materials, although more evidence is needed to support their broader application in wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Chen
- Hui Ling Chen, BS is Master of Philosophy Student, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University. Joanne Wai Yee Chung, PhD, RN, is Professor, Hong Kong Nang Yan College of Higher Education. Vincent Chun Man Yan, MSc, is Senior Lecturer, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University. Thomas Kwok Shing Wong, PhD, RN, is Professor, Hong Kong Nang Yan College of Higher Education. The authors have disclosed no financial relationships related to this article. Submitted August 18, 2022; accepted in revised form November 4, 2022; published ahead of print July 24, 2023
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16
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Ding JY, Sun L, Zhu ZH, Wu XC, Xu XL, Xiang YW. Nano drug delivery systems: a promising approach to scar prevention and treatment. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:268. [PMID: 37568194 PMCID: PMC10416511 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Scar formation is a common physiological process that occurs after injury, but in some cases, pathological scars can develop, leading to serious physiological and psychological effects. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective means to intervene in scar formation, and the structural features of scars and their unclear mechanisms make prevention and treatment even more challenging. However, the emergence of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems offers a promising avenue for the prevention and treatment of scars. Nanomaterials possess unique properties that make them well suited for addressing issues related to transdermal drug delivery, drug solubility, and controlled release. Herein, we summarize the recent progress made in the use of nanotechnology for the prevention and treatment of scars. We examine the mechanisms involved and the advantages offered by various types of nanomaterials. We also highlight the outstanding challenges and questions that need to be addressed to maximize the potential of nanotechnology in scar intervention. Overall, with further development, nanotechnology could significantly improve the prevention and treatment of pathological scars, providing a brighter outlook for those affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Ding
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Zhu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xi-Chen Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, PR China.
| | - Yan-Wei Xiang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Shakibania S, Khakbiz M, Zahedi P. Investigation and multiscale modeling of PVA/SA coated poly lactic acid scaffold containing curcumin loaded layered double hydroxide nanohybrids. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:3147-3161. [PMID: 37040198 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Applying hydrophilic coatings on polymeric nanofibers combined with layered double hydroxide (LDH) not only enhances the efficiency of drug delivery systems but also increases cell adhesion. This work aimed to prepare poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) (2/1)-coated poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanofibers containing curcumin-loaded layered double hydroxide (LDH) and to investigate their drug release and mechanical properties and their biocompatibility. The optimum PLA nanofibrous sample was considered to be that based on 3 wt% of curcumin-loaded LDH (PLA-3%LDH) with a drug encapsulation efficiency of ∼18% in which a minimum average nanofiber diameter of ∼476 nm along with a high tensile strength of 3.00 MPa were obtained. In the next step, a PVA/SA (2/1) layer was coated on the PLA-3%LDH; as a result, the hydrophilicity of the sample was improved and the elongation at break was decreased remarkably. In this regard the cell viability reached 80% for the coated PLA. Moreover, the formation of a layer of (PVA/SA) on the PLA nanofibers lowered the burst release and resulted in a more sustained drug release, which is a vital feature in dermal applications. A multiscale modeling method was applied for simulation of the mechanical properties of the composite scaffold and the results showed that this method can predict the data with 83% accuracy. The results of this study indicate that the formation of a layer of PVA/SA (2/1) has a significant effect on hydrophilicity and consequently improves cell adhesion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shakibania
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-1561, Iran.
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Mehrdad Khakbiz
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-1561, Iran.
| | - Payam Zahedi
- Nano-Biopolymers Research Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box: 11155-4563, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Allu I, Kumar Sahi A, Kumari P, Sakhile K, Sionkowska A, Gundu S. A Brief Review on Cerium Oxide (CeO 2NPs)-Based Scaffolds: Recent Advances in Wound Healing Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:865. [PMID: 37421098 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The process of wound healing is complex and involves the interaction of multiple cells, each with a distinct role in the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Chronic, nonhealing wounds may result from reduced fibroblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and cellular immunity, often associated with diabetes, hypertension, vascular deficits, immunological inadequacies, and chronic renal disease. Various strategies and methodologies have been explored to develop nanomaterials for wound-healing treatment. Several nanoparticles such as gold, silver, cerium oxide and zinc possess antibacterial properties, stability, and a high surface area that promotes efficient wound healing. In this review article, we investigate the effectiveness of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) in wound healing-particularly the effects of reducing inflammation, enhancing hemostasis and proliferation, and scavenging reactive oxygen species. The mechanism enables CeO2NPs to reduce inflammation, modulate the immunological system, and promote angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. In addition, we investigate the efficacy of cerium oxide-based scaffolds in various wound-healing applications for creating a favorable wound-healing environment. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative characteristics, enabling them to be ideal wound healing material. Investigations have shown that CeO2NPs can stimulate wound closure, tissue regeneration, and scar reduction. CeO2NPs may also reduce bacterial infections and boost wound-site immunity. However, additional study is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of CeO2NPs in wound healing and their long-term impacts on human health and the environment. The review reveals that CeO2NPs have promising wound-healing properties, but further study is needed to understand their mechanisms of action and ensure their safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Allu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurija Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karunya Sakhile
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 2322, Oman
| | - Alina Sionkowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurija Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, Nowy Świat 4, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland
| | - Shravanya Gundu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University College of Engineering (UCE), Osmania University, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
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19
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Bîrcă AC, Chircov C, Niculescu AG, Hildegard H, Baltă C, Roșu M, Mladin B, Gherasim O, Mihaiescu DE, Vasile BȘ, Grumezescu AM, Andronescu E, Hermenean AO. H2O2-PLA-(Alg)2Ca Hydrogel Enriched in Matrigel® Promotes Diabetic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030857. [PMID: 36986719 PMCID: PMC10057140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel-based dressings exhibit suitable features for successful wound healing, including flexibility, high water-vapor permeability and moisture retention, and exudate absorption capacity. Moreover, enriching the hydrogel matrix with additional therapeutic components has the potential to generate synergistic results. Thus, the present study centered on diabetic wound healing using a Matrigel-enriched alginate hydrogel embedded with polylactic acid (PLA) microspheres containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The synthesis and physicochemical characterization of the samples, performed to evidence their compositional and microstructural features, swelling, and oxygen-entrapping capacity, were reported. For investigating the three-fold goal of the designed dressings (i.e., releasing oxygen at the wound site and maintaining a moist environment for faster healing, ensuring the absorption of a significant amount of exudate, and providing biocompatibility), in vivo biological tests on wounds of diabetic mice were approached. Evaluating multiple aspects during the healing process, the obtained composite material proved its efficiency for wound dressing applications by accelerating wound healing and promoting angiogenesis in diabetic skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina Gabriela Niculescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Herman Hildegard
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Cornel Baltă
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Marcel Roșu
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Bianca Mladin
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
| | - Oana Gherasim
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Street, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Dan Eduard Mihaiescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ștefan Vasile
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov No. 3, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Anca Oana Hermenean
- “Aurel Ardelean” Institute of Life Sciences, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 310025 Arad, Romania
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20
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Sasmal PK, Ganguly S. Polymer in hemostasis and follow‐up wound healing. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Somenath Ganguly
- Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur India
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21
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Hasan MM, Shahid MA. PVA, licorice, and collagen (PLC) based hybrid bio-nano scaffold for wound healing application. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023:1-20. [PMID: 36576335 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2163454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrous scaffolds with core-shell structures can deliver bioactive agents, augment mechanical properties, provide a high surface area to volume ratio, and most importantly mimic the structure of extracellular matrix (ECM) which enables to maintain of a moist environment, elimination of excess exudates and provide antibacterial properties to impede infections. This study has developed PVA, licorice, and collagen (PLC) based hybrid bio-nano scaffold by co-axial electrospinning technique for enhancing wound closure. The core layer was made by PVA & licorice extract and shell layer was created by collagen & licorice extract solution. The morphology, moisture management properties, presence of constituent polymer, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of the developed samples were characterized by FE-SEM, moisture management tester (MMT), FT/IR, TGA, tensile testing machine. Furthermore, in vitro antibacterial assay was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method for investigating antibacterial properties and an in-vivo wound healing assessment was employed by observing the wound healing. Then FE-SEM images showed the lowest and highest average diameters 119 nm and 154 nm respectively, FT/IR spectra ensured the presence of all materials in the sample. Furthermore, the moisture management test result demonstrated slow absorbing and slow drying scaffolds which emphasized the eligibility of the sample to be an ideal candidate for wound healing. Moreover, the minimum and maximum zones of inhibition (ZOI) were found 7 mm and 8 mm against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, an in vivo wound healing assessment revealed a better healing performance of the developed samples after 10 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdus Shahid
- Department of Textile Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh
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22
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Wang R, Lu J, Yin J, Chen H, Liu H, Xu F, Zang T, Xu R, Li C, Wu Y, Wu Q, Fei X, Zhu M, Shen L, Ge J. A TEMPOL and rapamycin loaded nanofiber-covered stent favors endothelialization and mitigates neointimal hyperplasia and local inflammation. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:666-677. [PMID: 35600979 PMCID: PMC9114161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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23
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Danaie E, Masoudi S, Masnabadi N. Chemical Composition Analysis of Atropa belladonna Grown in Iran and Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties of Extract-loaded Nanofibers. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2023; 22:e137839. [PMID: 38148889 PMCID: PMC10750788 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-137839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the chemical composition of extract fractions of the Atropa belladonna plant growing in the north of Iran was investigated by HPTLC, HPLC, and GC-MS. Based on HPLC results, atropine, and scopolamine were found to be higher in the fruit and leaf extracts than in other parts of the plant. The comparative GC-MS analysis showed that diacetone alcohol, mesityl oxide, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid were the major bioactive components in the root, stem, leaf, and fruit extracts, respectively. Leaf extract showed the best antioxidant activity in the DPPH test. The antibacterial activity of fractional extracts was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the MIC method, and the fruit and leaf extracts exhibited the best antibacterial activities. The leaf extract was embedded into nanofibers by electrospinning technique, and its antibacterial activity was determined against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The morphology and mechanical properties of the nanofibers were studied with SEM, contact angle, and tensile analysis, showing ultrafine fibers with uniform morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Danaie
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Masnabadi
- Department of Chemistry, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
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Lu X, Li X, Yu J, Ding B. Nanofibrous hemostatic materials: Structural design, fabrication methods, and hemostatic mechanisms. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:49-62. [PMID: 36265792 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Development of rapid and effective hemostatic materials has always been the focus of research in the healthcare field. Nanofibrous materials which recapitulate the delicate nano-topography feature of fibrin fibers produced during natural hemostatic process, offer large length-to-diameter ratio and surface area, tunable porous structure, and precise control in architecture, showing great potential for staunching bleeding. Here we present a comprehensive review of advances in nanofibrous hemostatic materials, focusing on the following three important parts: structural design, fabrication methods, and hemostatic mechanisms. This review begins with an introduction to the physiological hemostatic mechanism and current commercial hemostatic agents. Then, it focuses on recent progress in electrospun nanofibrous hemostatic materials in terms of composition and structure control, surface modification, and in-situ deposition. The article emphasizes the development of three-dimensional (3D) electrospun nanofibrous materials and their emerging evolution for improving hemostatic function. Next, it discusses the fabrication of self-assembling peptide or protein-mimetic peptide nanofibers, co-assembling supramolecular nanofibers, as well as other nanofibrous hemostatic agents. Further, the article highlights the external and intracavitary hemostatic management based on various nanofiber aggregates. In the end, this review concludes with the current challenges and future perspectives of nanofibrous hemostatic materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews recent advances in nanofibrous hemostatic materials including fabrication methods, composition and structural control, performance improvement, and hemostatic mechanisms. A variety of methods including electrospinning, self-assembly, grinding and refining, template synthesis, and chemical vapor deposition, have been developed to prepare nanofibrous materials. These methods provide robustness in control of the nanofiber architecture in the forms of hydrogels, two-dimensional (2D) membranes, 3D sponges, or composites, showing promising potential in the external and intracavitary hemostasis and wound healing applications. This review will be of great interest to the broad readers in the field of hemostatic materials and multifunctional biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Lu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Glinka M, Filatova K, Kucińska-Lipka J, Šopík T, Domincová Bergerová E, Mikulcová V, Wasik A, Sedlařík V. Antibacterial Porous Systems Based on Polylactide Loaded with Amikacin. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27207045. [PMID: 36296639 PMCID: PMC9609933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27207045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Three porous matrices based on poly(lactic acid) are proposed herein for the controlled release of amikacin. The materials were fabricated by the method of spraying a surface liquid. Description is given as to the possibility of employing a modifier, such as a silica nanocarrier, for prolonging the release of amikacin, in addition to using chitosan to improve the properties of the materials, e.g., stability and sorption capacity. Depending on their actual composition, the materials exhibited varied efficacy for drug loading, as follows: 25.4 ± 2.2 μg/mg (matrices with 0.05% w/v of chitosan), 93 ± 13 μg/mg (with 0.08% w/v SiO2 amikacin modified nanoparticles), and 96 ± 34 μg/mg (matrices without functional additives). An in vitro study confirmed extended release of the drug (amikacin, over 60 days), carried out in accordance with the mathematical Kosmyer–Pepas model for all the materials tested. The matrices were also evaluated for their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Concurrent research was conducted on the transdermal absorption, morphology, elemental composition, and thermogravimetric properties of the released drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Glinka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katerina Filatova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678 Street, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tomáš Šopík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678 Street, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Domincová Bergerová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678 Street, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Mikulcová
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678 Street, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Sedlařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678 Street, 760 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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da Costa Silva V, do Nascimento TG, Mergulhão NLON, Freitas JD, Duarte IFB, de Bulhões LCG, Dornelas CB, de Araújo JX, dos Santos J, Silva ACA, Basílio ID, Goulart MOF. Development of a Polymeric Membrane Impregnated with Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) Nanoparticles Loaded with Red Propolis (RP). Molecules 2022; 27:6959. [PMID: 36296550 PMCID: PMC9609202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objectives of this study were to develop and characterize hydrophilic polymeric membranes impregnated with poly-lactic acid (PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) combined with red propolis (RP). Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to obtain 30% (w/v) red propolis hydroalcoholic extract (RPE). The NPs (75,000 g mol-1) alone and incorporated with RP (NPRP) were obtained using the solvent emulsification and diffusion technique. Biopolymeric hydrogel membranes (MNPRP) were obtained using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and NPRP. Their characterization was performed using thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), total phenols (TPC) and flavonoids contents (TFC), and antioxidant activity through the radical scavenging assay with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The identification and quantification of significant RP markers were performed through UPLC-DAD. The NPs were evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential. The TPC for RPE, NPRP, and MNPRP was 240.3 ± 3.4, 191.7 ± 0.3, and 183.4 ± 2.1 mg EGA g-1, while for TFC, the value was 37.8 ± 0.9, 35 ± 3.9, and 26.8 ± 1.9 mg EQ g-1, respectively. Relevant antioxidant activity was also observed by FRAP, with 1400.2 (RPE), 1294.2 (NPRP), and 696.2 µmol Fe2+ g-1 (MNPRP). The primary markers of RP were liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, and formononetin. The particle sizes were 194.1 (NPs) and 361.2 nm (NPRP), with an encapsulation efficiency of 85.4%. Thermal analysis revealed high thermal stability for the PLA, nanoparticles, and membranes. The DSC revealed no interaction between the components. FTIR allowed for characterizing the RPE encapsulation in NPRP and CMC for the MNPRP. The membrane loaded with NPRP, fully characterized, has antioxidant capacity and may have application in the treatment of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdemir da Costa Silva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Ticiano G. do Nascimento
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Naianny L. O. N. Mergulhão
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Johnnatan D. Freitas
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Alagoas, Maceio 57035-660, AL, Brazil
| | - Ilza Fernanda B. Duarte
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Camila B. Dornelas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - João Xavier de Araújo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Jucenir dos Santos
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Anielle C. A. Silva
- Physics Institute, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Irinaldo D. Basílio
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
| | - Marilia O. F. Goulart
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57072-970, AL, Brazil
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de Lima Dias Boaventura Muniz J, de Menezes LR. Dressing systems based on chitosan as active transport platforms in the treatment of burnt skin: Mini‐review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Poly(L-lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) based composite electrospun fibers loaded with magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 217:562-571. [PMID: 35839957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two types of MgAl layered double hydroxide nanoparticles, MgAl LDH, at Mg:Al ratio of 2:1 and 3:1were prepared and used as inorganic fillers to improve the mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PLA/PEO) electrospun composite fibers. Their detailed structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) techniques. Spectroscopic, thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of the electrospun composite fibers, and cell proliferation on their surface, were examined. XRD and TEM analyses showed that the LDH nanoparticles were 50 nm in size and the Mg:Al ratio did not affect the average spacing between crystal layers. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and thermal analyses (TA) revealed the compatibility of the filler and the polymer matrix. The nanoparticles considerably improved the mechanical properties of the electrospun mats. The tensile strength and elongation at break values of the composite samples increased from 0.22 MPA to 0.40 MPa and 12.2 % to 45.66 %, respectively, resulting from the interaction between LDH and the polymer matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and MTT analyses demonstrated that the electrospun composite fibers supported the SaOS-2 cells attachment and proliferation on the fiber surfaces, along with their suitable cytocompatibility.
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29
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Drobota M, Ursache S, Aflori M. Surface Functionalities of Polymers for Biomaterial Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122307. [PMID: 35745883 PMCID: PMC9229900 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes of a material biointerface allow for specialized cell signaling and diverse biological responses. Biomaterials incorporating immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications in order to develop biomaterials with improved functionality. Furthermore, a variety of physical and chemical techniques have been utilized to improve biomaterial functionality, particularly at the material interface. At the interface level, the interactions between materials and cells are described. The importance of surface features in cell function is then examined, with new strategies for surface modification being highlighted in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mioara Drobota
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Stefan Ursache
- Innovative Green Power, No. 5 Iancu Bacalu Street, 700029 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Aflori
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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30
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Derakhshan MA, Nazeri N, Khoshnevisan K, Heshmat R, Omidfar K. Three-layered PCL-collagen nanofibers containing melilotus officinalis extract for diabetic ulcer healing in a rat model. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:313-321. [PMID: 35673445 PMCID: PMC9167341 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-00976-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Active wound dressing with physicochemical and biological characteristics is more effective in healing diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). In this study, a 3-layer electrospun nanofiber wound dressings was fabricated, while its outer, middle and inner layers of the scaffold were made of PCL, PCL/collagen and collagen nanofibers, respectively. Various amounts of Melilotus officinalis extract were also loaded in the collagen nanofibers as a biologically active compound. The diameter and morphology of the obtained nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FT-IR spectroscopy to analyse the composition of prepared dressings. The efficacy of the fabricated dressings as wound healing agent was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The results demonstrated that the mean diameter of nanofibers are 373 ± 179 nm, 266 ± 108 nm, 160 ± 52 nm, and 393 ± 131 nm for PCL, PCL/collagen, pure collagen, and collagen nanofibers containing 0.08 g extract, respectively. The histo-pathology and histomorphometry assessments demonstrate the herbal extract-loaded electrospun dressings (especially containing 0.08 g of the extract) are promising in improving the diabetic ulcer healing. Our results indicated that the combination of drug did not compromise the physicochemical characteristics of wound dressing, while improving its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Derakhshan
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Niloofar Nazeri
- Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kobra Omidfar
- Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular–Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14395/1179, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Naseri E, Ahmadi A. A review on wound dressings: Antimicrobial agents, biomaterials, fabrication techniques, and stimuli-responsive drug release. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Puhl DL, Mohanraj D, Nelson DW, Gilbert RJ. Designing electrospun fiber platforms for efficient delivery of genetic material and genome editing tools. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 183:114161. [PMID: 35183657 PMCID: PMC9724629 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrospun fibers are versatile biomaterial platforms with great potential to support regeneration. Electrospun fiber characteristics such as fiber diameter, degree of alignment, rate of degradation, and surface chemistry enable the creation of unique, tunable scaffolds for various drug or gene delivery applications. The delivery of genetic material and genome editing tools via viral and non-viral vectors are approaches to control cellular protein production. However, immunogenicity, off-target effects, and low delivery efficiencies slow the progression of gene delivery strategies to clinical settings. The delivery of genetic material from electrospun fibers overcomes such limitations by allowing for localized, tunable delivery of genetic material. However, the process of electrospinning is harsh, and care must be taken to retain genetic material bioactivity. This review presents an up-to-date summary of strategies to incorporate genetic material onto or within electrospun fiber platforms to improve delivery efficiency and enhance the regenerative potential of electrospun fibers for various tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan L Puhl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Divya Mohanraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Derek W Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Ryan J Gilbert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1623 15th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Poly(lactic acid)-Based Electrospun Fibrous Structures for Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)(PLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be derived from natural and renewable resources. Owing to favorable features, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, good thermal and mechanical performance, and processability, PLA has been considered as one of the most promising biopolymers for biomedical applications. Particularly, electrospun PLA nanofibers with distinguishing characteristics, such as similarity to the extracellular matrix, large specific surface area and high porosity with small pore size and tunable mechanical properties for diverse applications, have recently given rise to advanced spillovers in the medical area. A variety of PLA-based nanofibrous structures have been explored for biomedical purposes, such as wound dressing, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering scaffolds. This review highlights the recent advances in electrospinning of PLA-based structures for biomedical applications. It also gives a comprehensive discussion about the promising approaches suggested for optimizing the electrospun PLA nanofibrous structures towards the design of specific medical devices with appropriate physical, mechanical and biological functions.
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Layer-by-Layer Pirfenidone/Cerium Oxide Nanocapsule Dressing Promotes Wound Repair and Prevents Scar Formation. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061830. [PMID: 35335197 PMCID: PMC8955702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in wound tissue are two major problems for wound repair and scar inhibition. Modulation of the wound microenvironment is considered to be able to overcome these issues. Two possible solutions include the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) as an enzyme-like ROS scavenger and pirfenidone (PFD) as an anti-fibrotic drug to inhibit the expression of TGF-β. However, CeO2 is easily adsorbed by biological macromolecules and loses its enzyme-like activity. Furthermore, the intracellular delivery of PFD is difficult. Herein, the layer-by-layer method was used to prepare nanocapsules (NCs) with a sophisticated structure featuring PFD at their core and CeO2 in their shell; these NCs were referred to as PFD/CeO2 NCs. PFD/CeO2 NCs were supposed to efficiently achieve intracellular delivery of PFD and successfully scavenged ROS from the microenvironment. Cellular experiments verified that PFD/CeO2 NCs had good biocompatibility, satisfactory cellular uptake, and favorable ROS-scavenging capacity. To be applied directly to the wound, PFD/CeO2 NCs were then adhered to plasma-etched polylactic acid (PLA) fiber membranes to prepare a new wound dressing. Animal experiments further demonstrated that the dressing accelerated the epithelialization of the wound, reduced the levels of ROS and TGF-β, improved the arrangement and proportion of collagen fibers, and finally, achieved satisfactory wound-repairing and anti-scarring effects. These results provide a new concept for promoting wound repair and preventing scar formation.
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Mary AS, Raghavan VS, Kagula S, Krishnakumar V, Kannan M, Gorthi SS, Rajaram K. Enhanced In Vitro Wound Healing Using PVA/B-PEI Nanofiber Mats: A Promising Wound Therapeutic Agent against ESKAPE and Opportunistic Pathogens. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:8466-8476. [PMID: 35005922 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Opportunistic skin pathogens and their resistance to pre-existing therapeutics are a challenge to normal physiological wound healing processes. Consistent development of antimicrobial agents is required to overcome the complications raised by antimicrobial resistance. An effective alternative proposed in recent research includes the use of antimicrobial nanoparticles or nanobiopolymers. Unfortunately, metallic nanoparticles that have been proven as antimicrobial agents also possess a certain level of toxicity. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a cationic polymer, branched polyethyleneimine (B-PEI), that has been electrospun to obtain a scaffold/fiber (B-PEI NF) mat resulting in a large surface area-to-volume ratio. SEM analysis revealed that the average diameter of the obtained fibers is 240 nm. The formation of nanoscaffold modulates the controlled release of the polymer from the matrix resulting in long-term effects. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the B-PEI nanofiber (B-PEI NF) was evaluated against ESKAPE pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus) and also against Candida albicans. Dose-dependent inhibition was observed for microbial growth and biofilm for all three test organisms, the minimum inhibitory concentration required for inhibiting P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans is 33.125, 26.5, and 19.875 μM, respectively, in 2 mL of bacterial/fungal broth. Crystal violet and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays showed significant reduction in biomass and cell viability of sessile cells, respectively, within the biofilm after treatment using B-PEI NFs. A B-PEI NF matrix promotes cell migration and wound healing processes by mimicking the extracellular matrix. In vitro wound healing studies showed a fivefold increase in cell migration and wound healing by B-PEI NFs (97% wound coverage in 17 h) when compared to B-PEI (15% wound coverage in 17 h). The in vitro wound healing assays confirmed the biocompatibility and better wound healing activity of B-PEI NF mats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarcha Shanmugha Mary
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Vikram Srinivasa Raghavan
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sirisha Kagula
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Vinodhini Krishnakumar
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Meganathan Kannan
- Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Kaushik Rajaram
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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Design of Asymmetric Nanofibers-Membranes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Wool-Keratin for Wound Healing Applications. J Funct Biomater 2021; 12:jfb12040076. [PMID: 34940555 PMCID: PMC8706361 DOI: 10.3390/jfb12040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of asymmetric membranes—i.e., matching two fibrous layers with selected composition and morphological properties to mimic both the epidermis and dermis—currently represents one of the most promising strategies to support skin regeneration during the wound healing process. Herein, a new asymmetric platform fabricated by a sequential electrospinning process was investigated. The top layer comprises cross-linked polyvinylalcohol (PVA) nanofibers (NFs)—from water solution—to replicate the epidermis’s chemical stability and wettability features. Otherwise, the bottom layer is fabricated by integrating PVA with wool-keratin extracted via sulfitolysis. This protein is a biocompatibility polymer with excellent properties for dermis-like structures. Morphological characterization via SEM supported by image analysis showed that the asymmetric membrane exhibited average fiber size—max frequency diameter 450 nm, range 1.40 μm—and porosity suitable for the healing process. FTIR-spectrums confirmed the presence of keratin in the bottom layer and variations of keratin-secondary structures. Compared with pure PVA-NFs, keratin/PVA-NFs showed a significant improvement in cell adhesion in in vitro tests. In perspective, these asymmetric membranes could be promisingly used to confine active species (i.e., antioxidants, antimicrobials) to the bottom layer to support specific cell activities (i.e., proliferation, differentiation) in wound healing applications.
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Haroosh HJ, Dong Y, Jasim S, Ramakrishna S. Improvement of Drug Release and Compatibility between Hydrophilic Drugs and Hydrophobic Nanofibrous Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185344. [PMID: 34576566 PMCID: PMC8468400 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a flexible polymer processing method to produce nanofibres, which can be applied in the biomedical field. The current study aims to develop new electrospun hybrid nanocomposite systems to benefit the sustained release of hydrophilic drugs with hydrophobic polymers. In particular, electrospun hybrid materials consisting of polylactic acid (PLA):poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends, as well as PLA:PCL/halloysite nanotubes-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (HNT-ASP) nanocomposites were developed in order to achieve sustained release of hydrophilic drug tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) using hydrophobic PLA:PCL nanocomposite membranes as a drug carrier. The impact of interaction between two commonly used drugs, namely TCH and indomethacin (IMC) and PLA:PCL blends on the drug release was examined. The drug release kinetics by fitting the experimental release data with five mathematical models for drug delivery were clearly demonstrated. The average nanofiber diameters were found to be significantly reduced when increasing the TCH concentration due to increasing solution electrical conductivity in contrast to the presence of IMC. The addition of both TCH and IMC drugs to PLA:PCL blends reduced the crystallinity level, glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of PCL within the blends. The decrease in drug release and the impairment elimination for the interaction between polymer blends and drugs was accomplished by mobilising TCH into HNT-ASP for their embedding effect into PLA:PCL nanofibres. The typical characteristic was clearly identified with excellent agreement between our experimental data obtained and Ritger–Peppas model and Zeng model in drug release kinetics. The biodegradation behaviour of nanofibre membranes indicated the effective incorporation of TCH onto HNT-ASP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim J. Haroosh
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
| | - Yu Dong
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shaimaa Jasim
- Department Biomedical Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore;
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Behere I, Ingavle G. In vitro and in vivo advancement of multifunctional electrospun nanofiber scaffolds in wound healing applications: Innovative nanofiber designs, stem cell approaches, and future perspectives. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:443-461. [PMID: 34390324 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin is one of the most essential tissues in the human body, interacting with the outside environment and shielding the body from diseases and excessive water loss. Hydrogels, decellularized porcine dermal matrix, and lyophilized polymer scaffolds have all been used in studies of skin wound repair, wound dressing, and skin tissue engineering, however, these materials cannot replicate the nanofibrous architecture of the skin's native extracellular matrix (ECM). Electrospun nanofibers are a fascinating new form of nanomaterials with tremendous potential across a broad spectrum of applications in the biomedical field, including wound dressings, wound healing scaffolds, regenerative medicine, bioengineering of skin tissue, and multifaceted drug delivery. This article reviews recent in vitro and in vivo developments in multifunctional electrospun nanofibers (MENs) for wound healing. This review begins with an introduction to the electrospinning process, its principle, and the processing parameters which have a significant impact on the nanofiber properties. It then discusses the various geometries and advantages of MEN scaffolds produced by different innovative electrospinning techniques for wound healing applications when used in combination with stem cells. This review also discusses some of the possible future nanofiber-based models that could be used. Finally, we conclude with potential perspectives and conclusions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Behere
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Ganesh Ingavle
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell Research (SCSCR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
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Fan T, Daniels R. Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Polylactic Acid (PLA) Fiber Loaded with Birch Bark Triterpene Extract for Wound Dressing. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:205. [PMID: 34286391 PMCID: PMC8292269 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-loaded electrospun fibers have attracted increasing attention as a promising wound dressing material due to their capability of preventing from infections and inflammation and maintaining an appropriate environment for wound healing. In this study, polylactic acid (PLA), which is widely used in wound management, was chosen as electrospinnable polymer. A triterpene extract (TE) from the outer bark of birch known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and wound healing effects was chosen to produce TE-loaded PLA electrospun fibers for wound dressing. A binary solvent system of dichloromethane (DCM) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was employed, and the ratio of the solvents was optimized for preparing smooth and uniform fibers. The morphology of TE-loaded PLA electrospun fibers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The entrapment of TE in PLA fibers was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the solid state of TE in PLA fibers. The release behavior of TE was assayed by a shaking flask method for a period of 96 h. The results revealed that TE-loaded electrospun PLA microfibers could be reliably prepared and are promising future candidates in wound therapy.
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Efficient Bulky Organo-Zinc Scorpionates for the Stereoselective Production of Poly( rac-lactide)s. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142356. [PMID: 34301114 PMCID: PMC8309543 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct reaction of the highly sterically demanding acetamidinate-based NNN'-scorpionate protioligand Hphbptamd [Hphbptamd = N,N'-di-p-tolylbis(3,5-di-tertbutylpyrazole-1-yl)acetamidine] with one equiv. of ZnMe2 proceeds in high yield to the mononuclear alkyl zinc complex [ZnMe(κ3-phbptamd)] (1). Alternatively, the treatment of the corresponding lithium precursor [Li(phbptamd)(THF)] with ZnCl2 yielded the halide complex [ZnCl(κ3-phbptamd)] (2). The X-ray crystal structure of 1 confirmed unambiguously a mononuclear entity in these complexes, with the zinc centre arranged with a pseudotetrahedral environment and the scorpionate ligand in a κ3-coordination mode. Interestingly, the inexpensive, low-toxic and easily prepared complexes 1 and 2 resulted in highly efficient catalysts for the ring-opening polymerisation of lactides, a sustainable bio-resourced process industrially demanded. Thus, complex 1 behaved as a single-component robust initiator for the living and immortal ROP of rac-lactide under very mild conditions after a few hours, reaching a TOF value up to 5520 h-1 under bulk conditions. Preliminary kinetic studies revealed apparent zero-order dependence on monomer concentration in the absence of a cocatalyst. The PLA materials produced exhibited narrow dispersity values, good agreement between the experimental Mn values and monomer/benzyl alcohol ratios, as well as enhanced levels of heteroselectivity, reaching Ps values up to 0.74.
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Chagas PA, Schneider R, dos Santos DM, Otuka AJ, Mendonça CR, Correa DS. Bilayered electrospun membranes composed of poly(lactic-acid)/natural rubber: A strategy against curcumin photodegradation for wound dressing application. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.104889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Production and characterization of non-leaching antimicrobial and hydrophilic polycaprolactone based nanofiber mats. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gao C, Zhang L, Wang J, Jin M, Tang Q, Chen Z, Cheng Y, Yang R, Zhao G. Electrospun nanofibers promote wound healing: theories, techniques, and perspectives. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3106-3130. [PMID: 33885618 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00067e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
At present, the clinical strategies for treating chronic wounds are limited, especially when it comes to pain relief and rapid wound healing. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative treatment methods. This paper provides a systematic review on recent researches on how electrospun nanofiber scaffolds promote wound healing and how the electrospinning technology has been used for fabricating multi-dimensional, multi-pore and multi-functional nanofiber scaffolds that have greatly promoted the development of wound healing dressings. First, we provide a review on the four stages of wound healing, which is followed by a discussion on the evolvement of the electrospinning technology, what is involved in electrospinning devices, and factors affecting the electrospinning process. Finally, we present the possible mechanisms of electrospun nanofibers to promote wound healing, the classification of electrospun polymers, cell infiltration favoring fiber scaffolds, antibacterial fiber scaffolds, and future multi-functional scaffolds. Although nanofiber scaffolds have made great progress as a type of multi-functional biomaterial, major challenges still remain for commercializing them in a way that fully meets the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui, China
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Amini Moghaddam M, Di Martino A, Šopík T, Fei H, Císař J, Pummerová M, Sedlařík V. Polylactide/Polyvinylalcohol-Based Porous Bioscaffold Loaded with Gentamicin for Wound Dressing Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:921. [PMID: 33802770 PMCID: PMC8002437 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the feasibility of modifying the surface liquid spraying method to prepare porous bioscaffolds intended for wound dressing applications. For this purpose, gentamicin sulfate was loaded into polylactide-polyvinyl alcohol bioscaffolds as a highly soluble (hygroscopic) model drug for in vitro release study. Moreover, the influence of inorganic salts including NaCl (10 g/L) and KMnO4 (0.4 mg/L), and post-thermal treatment (T) (80 °C for 2 min) on the properties of the bioscaffolds were studied. The bioscaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, other properties including porosity, swelling degree, water vapor transmission rate, entrapment efficiency, and the release of gentamicin sulfate were investigated. Results showed that high concentrations of NaCl (10 g/L) in the aqueous phase led to an increase of around 68% in the initial burst release due to the increase in porosity. In fact, porosity increased from 68.1 ± 1.2 to 94.1 ± 1.5. Moreover, the thermal treatment of the Polylactide-polyvinyl alcohol/NaCl (PLA-PVA/NaCl) bioscaffolds above glass transition temperature (Tg) reduced the initial burst release by approximately 11% and prolonged the release of the drug. These results suggest that thermal treatment of polymer above Tg can be an efficient approach for a sustained release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimír Sedlařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, tr. Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (M.A.M.); (A.D.M.); (T.Š.); (H.F.); (J.C.); (M.P.)
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45
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Gheorghita Puscaselu R, Lobiuc A, Dimian M, Covasa M. Alginate: From Food Industry to Biomedical Applications and Management of Metabolic Disorders. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2417. [PMID: 33092194 PMCID: PMC7589871 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially used extensively as an additive and ingredient in the food industry, alginate has become an important compound for a wide range of industries and applications, such as the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. In the food industry, alginate has been used to coat fruits and vegetables, as a microbial and viral protection product, and as a gelling, thickening, stabilizing or emulsifying agent. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and the possibility of it being used in quantum satis doses prompted scientists to explore new properties for alginate usage. Thus, the use of alginate has been expanded so as to be directed towards the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, where studies have shown that it can be used successfully as biomaterial for wound, hydrogel, and aerogel dressings, among others. Furthermore, the ability to encapsulate natural substances has led to the possibility of using alginate as a drug coating and drug delivery agent, including the encapsulation of probiotics. This is important considering the fact that, until recently, encapsulation and coating agents used in the pharmaceutical industry were limited to the use of lactose, a potentially allergenic agent or gelatin. Obtained at a relatively low cost from marine brown algae, this hydrocolloid can also be used as a potential tool in the management of diabetes, not only as an insulin delivery agent but also due to its ability to improve insulin resistance, attenuate chronic inflammation and decrease oxidative stress. In addition, alginate has been recognized as a potential weight loss treatment, as alginate supplementation has been used as an adjunct treatment to energy restriction, to enhance satiety and improve weight loss in obese individuals. Thus, alginate holds the promise of an effective product used in the food industry as well as in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. This review highlights recent research advances on the characteristics of alginate and brings to the forefront the beneficial aspects of using alginate, from the food industry to the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita Puscaselu
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania;
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Health and Human Development, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.G.P.); (A.L.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Iacob AT, Drăgan M, Ionescu OM, Profire L, Ficai A, Andronescu E, Confederat LG, Lupașcu D. An Overview of Biopolymeric Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Polysaccharides for Wound Healing Management. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E983. [PMID: 33080849 PMCID: PMC7589858 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, despite the thoroughgoing scientific research carried out in the area of wound healing management, the treatment of skin injuries, regardless of etiology remains a big provocation for health care professionals. An optimal wound dressing should be nontoxic, non-adherent, non-allergenic, should also maintain a humid medium at the wound interfacing, and be easily removed without trauma. For the development of functional and bioactive dressings, they must meet different conditions such as: The ability to remove excess exudates, to allow gaseous interchange, to behave as a barrier to microbes and to external physical or chemical aggressions, and at the same time to have the capacity of promoting the process of healing by stimulating other intricate processes such as differentiation, cell adhesion, and proliferation. Over the past several years, various types of wound dressings including hydrogels, hydrocolloids, films, foams, sponges, and micro/nanofibers have been formulated, and among them, the electrospun nanofibrous mats received an increased interest from researchers due to the numerous advantages and their intrinsic properties. The drug-embedded nanofibers are the potential candidates for wound dressing application by virtue of: Superior surface area-to volume ratio, enormous porosity (can allow oxy-permeability) or reticular nano-porosity (can inhibit the microorganisms'adhesion), structural similitude to the skin extracellular matrix, and progressive electrospinning methodology, which promotes a prolonged drug release. The reason that we chose to review the formulation of electrospun nanofibers based on polysaccharides as dressings useful in wound healing was based on the ever-growing research in this field, research that highlighted many advantages of the nanofibrillary network, but also a marked versatility in terms of numerous active substances that can be incorporated for rapid and infection-free tissue regeneration. In this review, we have extensively discussed the recent advancements performed on electrospun nanofibers (eNFs) formulation methodology as wound dressings, and we focused as well on the entrapment of different active biomolecules that have been incorporated on polysaccharides-based nanofibers, highlighting those bioagents capable of improving the healing process. In addition, in vivo tests performed to support their increased efficacy were also listed, and the advantages of the polysaccharide nanofiber-based wound dressings compared to the traditional ones were emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea-Teodora Iacob
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Maria Drăgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Oana-Maria Ionescu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Lenuța Profire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucuresti, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov st 3, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ecaterina Andronescu
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucuresti, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Ilfov st 3, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminița Georgeta Confederat
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Lupașcu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa” Iași, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-T.I.); (M.D.); (O.-M.I.); (D.L.)
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Azimi B, Maleki H, Zavagna L, De la Ossa JG, Linari S, Lazzeri A, Danti S. Bio-Based Electrospun Fibers for Wound Healing. J Funct Biomater 2020; 11:E67. [PMID: 32971968 PMCID: PMC7563280 DOI: 10.3390/jfb11030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being designated to protect other tissues, skin is the first and largest human body organ to be injured and for this reason, it is accredited with a high capacity for self-repairing. However, in the case of profound lesions or large surface loss, the natural wound healing process may be ineffective or insufficient, leading to detrimental and painful conditions that require repair adjuvants and tissue substitutes. In addition to the conventional wound care options, biodegradable polymers, both synthetic and biologic origin, are gaining increased importance for their high biocompatibility, biodegradation, and bioactive properties, such as antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, cell proliferative, and angiogenic. To create a microenvironment suitable for the healing process, a key property is the ability of a polymer to be spun into submicrometric fibers (e.g., via electrospinning), since they mimic the fibrous extracellular matrix and can support neo- tissue growth. A number of biodegradable polymers used in the biomedical sector comply with the definition of bio-based polymers (known also as biopolymers), which are recently being used in other industrial sectors for reducing the material and energy impact on the environment, as they are derived from renewable biological resources. In this review, after a description of the fundamental concepts of wound healing, with emphasis on advanced wound dressings, the recent developments of bio-based natural and synthetic electrospun structures for efficient wound healing applications are highlighted and discussed. This review aims to improve awareness on the use of bio-based polymers in medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Azimi
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (B.A.); (L.Z.); (A.L.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Homa Maleki
- Department of Carpet, University of Birjand, Birjand 9717434765, Iran
| | - Lorenzo Zavagna
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (B.A.); (L.Z.); (A.L.)
| | | | | | - Andrea Lazzeri
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (B.A.); (L.Z.); (A.L.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Interuniversity National Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy; (B.A.); (L.Z.); (A.L.)
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Starch-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Impregnated into Propylamine-Substituted PVA Films with Improved Antibacterial and Mechanical Properties for Wound-Bandage Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092112. [PMID: 32957433 PMCID: PMC7570389 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This research endeavor aims to develop polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based films capable of blends with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for improved antibacterial properties and good mechanical strength to widen its scope in the field of wound dressing and bandages. This study reports synthesis of propylamine-substituted PVA (PA-PVA), Ag-NPs via chemical and green methods (starch capping) and their blended films in various proportions. Employment of starch-capped Ag-NPs as nanofillers into PVA films has substantially improved the above-mentioned properties in the ensuing nanocomposites. Synthesis of PA-PVA, starch-capped Ag-NPs and blended films were well corroborated with UV/Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, NMR, XRD and SEM analysis. Synthesized Ag-NPs were of particle shape and have an average size 20 nm and 40 nm via green and chemical synthesis, respectively. The successful blending of Ag-NPs was yielded up to five weight per weight into PA-PVA film as beyond this self-agglomeration of Ag-NPs was observed. Antibacterial assay has shown good antimicrobial activities by five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)-encapsulated into PA-PVA blended film, i.e., 13 mm zone inhibition against Escherichia coli and 11 mm zone inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. Physical strength was measured in the terms of young's modulus via tensile stress-strain curves of blended films. The five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PA-PVA blend film showed maximum tensile strength 168.2 MPa while three weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PVA blend film showed highest values for ultimate strain 297.0%. Ag-NPs embedment into PA-PVA was resulted in strong and ductile film blend than pristine PA-PVA film due to an increase in hydrogen bonding. These good results of five weight per weight Ag-NPs(G)/PA-PVA product make it a potent candidate for wound dressing application in physically active body areas.
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Core-Shell Eudragit S100 Nanofibers Prepared via Triaxial Electrospinning to Provide a Colon-Targeted Extended Drug Release. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092034. [PMID: 32906728 PMCID: PMC7565919 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new modified triaxial electrospinning is implemented to generate an Eudragit S100 (ES100)-based core-shell structural nanofiber (CSF), which is loaded with aspirin. The CSFs have a straight line morphology with a smooth surface, an estimated average diameter of 740 ± 110 nm, and a clear core-shell structure with a shell thickness of 65 nm, as disclosed by the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy results. Compared to the monolithic composite nanofibers (MCFs) produced using traditional blended single-fluid electrospinning, aspirin presented in both of them amorously owing to their good compatibility. The CSFs showed considerable advantages over the MCFs in providing the desired drug-controlled-release profiles, although both of them released the drug in an erosion mechanism. The former furnished a longer time period of time-delayed-release and a smaller portion released during the first two-hour acid condition for protecting the stomach membranes, and also showed a longer time period of aspirin-extended-release for avoiding possible drug overdose. The present protocols provide a polymer-based process-nanostructure-performance relationship to optimize the reasonable delivery of aspirin.
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