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Xia H, Jiang Z, Tang J, Tang J, Zhou J, Yang Z, Zheng R, Niu J. Preparation and Properties of PA10T/PPO Blends Compatibilized with SEBS-g-MAH. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1598. [PMID: 38891544 PMCID: PMC11174984 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived PA10T is regarded as one of the most promising semi-aromatic polyamides; however, shortcomings, including low dimensional accuracy, high moisture absorption, and relatively high dielectric constant and loss, have impeded its extensive utilization. Polymer blending is a versatile and cost-effective method to fabricate new polymeric materials with excellent comprehensive performance. In this study, various ratios of PA10T/PPO blends were fabricated via melt blending with the addition of a SEBS-g-MAH compatibilizer. Molau test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to study the influence of SEBS-g-MAH on the compatibility of PA10T and PPO. These studies indicated that SEBS-g-MAH effectively refines the domain size of the dispersed PPO phase and improves the dispersion stability of PPO particles within a hexafluoroisopropanol solvent. This result was attributed to the in situ formation of the SEBS-g-PA10T copolymer, which serves as a compatibilizer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results showed that the melting-crystallization behavior and thermal stability of blends closely resembled that of pure PA10T. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that as the PPO content increased, there was a decrease in the glass transition temperature and storage modulus of PA10T. The water absorption rate, injection molding shrinkage, dielectric properties, and mechanical strength of blends were also systematically investigated. As the PPO content increased from 10% to 40%, the dielectric loss at 2.5 GHz decreased significantly from 0.00866 to 0.00572, while the notched Izod impact strength increased from 7.9 kJ/m2 to 13.7 kJ/m2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Housheng Xia
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jiaxiang Tang
- Zhejiang Xianghe Railway Fastener Research Institute, Zhejiang Tiantai Xianghe Industrial Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317200, China
| | - Jiao Tang
- Zhejiang Xianghe Railway Fastener Research Institute, Zhejiang Tiantai Xianghe Industrial Co., Ltd., Taizhou 317200, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zize Yang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rongbo Zheng
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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2
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Wang Z, Huang H, Wang Y, Zhou M, Zhai W. A Review of the Preparation of Porous Fibers and Porous Parts by a Novel Micro-Extrusion Foaming Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:172. [PMID: 38204024 PMCID: PMC10779666 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This review introduces an innovative technology termed "Micro-Extrusion Foaming (MEF)", which amalgamates the merits of physical foaming and 3D printing. It presents a groundbreaking approach to producing porous polymer fibers and parts. Conventional methods for creating porous materials often encounter obstacles such as the extensive use of organic solvents, intricate processing, and suboptimal production efficiency. The MEF technique surmounts these challenges by initially saturating a polymer filament with compressed CO2 or N2, followed by cell nucleation and growth during the molten extrusion process. This technology offers manifold advantages, encompassing an adjustable pore size and porosity, environmental friendliness, high processing efficiency, and compatibility with diverse polymer materials. The review meticulously elucidates the principles and fabrication process integral to MEF, encompassing the creation of porous fibers through the elongational behavior of foamed melts and the generation of porous parts through the stacking of foamed melts. Furthermore, the review explores the varied applications of this technology across diverse fields and imparts insights for future directions and challenges. These include augmenting material performance, refining fabrication processes, and broadening the scope of applications. MEF technology holds immense potential in the realm of porous material preparation, heralding noteworthy advancements and innovations in manufacturing and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wentao Zhai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Z.W.); (H.H.); (Y.W.); (M.Z.)
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3
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Li S, Jiang T, Zeng X, Zhu N, Shen C, Gong W, Zhang C, He L. The Effect of α-Olefin-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on the Rheological and Crystalline Properties and Microcellular Foaming Behavior of Polyamide 6. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092056. [PMID: 37177202 PMCID: PMC10180843 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymer DIA as a chain extender was used to modify polyamide 6 (PA6) during melt blending. The ability to modulate this modification for PA6 has been shown to be dependent on the effects of its content on the molecular weight distribution, rheological properties, crystalline properties, mechanical properties, and foaming behavior of foam samples. By increasing the DIA content, the viscoelasticity, water contact angle, and elongation at break improved as a result of a significant decrease in water absorption and melt flow rate. Compared with raw PA6, the modified PA6 presented a relatively wider molecular weight distribution. However, the crystallinity of modified PA6 samples decreased, the double melting peaks became one peak, and the α crystallites at 20.3° gradually disappeared with increasing DIA content. The morphologies of composite foams with different contents were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the cell size of different PA6 samples decreased from 160 μm to 83 μm and the cell density increased from 1.1 × 105 cells/cm3 to 5.9 × 105 cells/cm3 when the content of DIA increased from 0 wt% to 5 wt%. Meanwhile, the cell morphology obviously improved and the cell size distribution became narrow. Thus, a preparation technology based on foaming materials with excellent performance, such as better bubble quality and low water absorption, was developed for further research and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Tuanhui Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Xiangbu Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Nenggui Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Chao Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Institute of Materials and Construction, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li He
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang 550016, China
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4
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Sun MY, Liu WC, Wu YS, Qian H. Preparation the composite with high toughness and strength by recycled cyclic olefin copolymer. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang Sun
- College of Material Science and Engineering Huaqiao University XiaMen Fujian Province China
| | - Wen Chuan Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering Huaqiao University XiaMen Fujian Province China
| | - Yuan Sheng Wu
- Technology Department Xiamen Make Security Technology Co., Ltd XiaMen Fujian Province China
| | - Hao Qian
- College of Material Science and Engineering Huaqiao University XiaMen Fujian Province China
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5
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Integrating Taguchi Method and Gray Relational Analysis for Auto Locks by Using Multiobjective Design in Computer-Aided Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030644. [PMID: 35160633 PMCID: PMC8839174 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In automobiles, lock parts are matched with inserts, and this is a crucial quality standard for the dimensional accuracy of the molding. This study employed moldflow analysis to explore the influence of various injection molding process parameters on the warpage deformation. Deformation of the plastic part is caused by the nonuniform product temperature distribution in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, improper parameter design leads to substantial warpage and deformation. The Taguchi robust design method and gray correlation analysis were used to optimize the process parameters. Multiobjective quality analysis was performed for achieving a uniform temperature distribution and reducing the warpage deformation to obtain the optimal injection molding process parameters. Subsequently, three water cooling system designs—original cooling, U-shaped cooling, and conformal cooling—were tested to modify the temperature distribution and reduce the warpage. Taguchi gray correlation analysis revealed that the main influencing parameter was the mold temperature followed by the holding pressure. Moreover, the results indicated that the conformal cooling system improved the average temperature distribution.
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Kim HK, Kim J, Kim D, Ryu Y, Cha SW. Vibration and Sound Response of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 6 Using Microcellular-Foaming-Process-Applied Injection Molding Process. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010173. [PMID: 35012195 PMCID: PMC8747395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the vibration and sound response characteristics of composites produced via injection molding applied with a microcellular foaming process (MCPs) were improved. The study was conducted using PA6 and glass fiber composites, which are representative thermoplastic engineering plastics. Two types of specimens were used: a plate specimen to confirm the basic sound and vibration characteristics, and a large roof-rack specimen from an actual vehicle with a complex shape. The frequency response function curve was calculated by conducting an impact test, and natural frequency and damping ratio were measured based on the curve. The results confirmed that, in the case of a specimen manufactured through the injection molding process to which MCPs were applied, the natural frequency was lowered, and the damping ratio decreased. The degree of change in the natural frequency and damping ratio was confirmed. To determine the cause of the change in the natural frequency and damping ratio, the mode shape at the natural frequency of each specimen was measured and the relationship was confirmed by measuring the density and the elastic modulus of the composite. In addition, the usability of the specimens to which MCPs were applied was verified by conducting impact strength and tensile strength tests.
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7
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Li S, Jiang S, Gong S, Ma S, Yang H, Pan K, Deng J. Preparation Methods, Performance Improvement Strategies, and Typical Applications of Polyamide Foams. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Rochardjo HSB, Budiyantoro C. Manufacturing and Analysis of Overmolded Hybrid Fiber Polyamide 6 Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213820. [PMID: 34771375 PMCID: PMC8587925 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites are widely applied in structural applications. It has great potential to replace metal structures and provides advantages in weight reduction. In this study, the pretensioned unidirectional carbon fiber was overmolded by Polyamide 6 contained 30%wt of glass fibers (PA 6-30GF). Process parameters such as injection pressure, melting temperature, duration of carbon fiber cryogenic treatment, and fiber pretension were optimized to maximize the flexural strength, impact strength, and interlaminar properties of the hybrid composite. The relationship between factors and responses was analyzed using Box–Behnken design (BBD) from response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Three levels were assigned for each factor. There were 27 experimental trials carried out, and a significant regression for the coefficient between the factors was derived. The BBD and ANOVA analysis demonstrate that the predicted values from the model are in satisfactory correlation with the experimental results. The optimum responses found were achieved by setting the following injection molding parameters: melting temperature of 278 °C and injection pressure of 122 bar. Carbon fiber, as a unidirectional reinforcement, should be immersed in liquid nitrogen for 10 min and mounted on the mold in a pretensioned state with a force of 100 N. The combination of these parameters can produce an optimum flexural strength of 248.6 Mpa, impact strength of 173.4 kJ/m2 and an ILSS of 30.4 Mpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heru S. B. Rochardjo
- Department Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Cahyo Budiyantoro
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Bantul 55183, Indonesia;
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9
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Huang WT, Tsai CL, Ho WH, Chou JH. Application of Intelligent Modeling Method to Optimize the Multiple Quality Characteristics of the Injection Molding Process of Automobile Lock Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152515. [PMID: 34372118 PMCID: PMC8348185 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on applying intelligent modeling methods to different injection molding process parameters, to analyze the influence of temperature distribution and warpage on the actual development of auto locks. It explores the auto locks using computer-aided engineering (CAE) simulation performance analysis and the optimization of process parameters by combining multiple quality characteristics (warpage and average temperature). In this experimental design, combinations were explored for each single objective optimization process parameter, using the Taguchi robust design process, with the L18 (21 × 37) orthogonal table. The control factors were injection time, material temperature, mold temperature, injection pressure, packing pressure, packing time, cooling liquid, and cooling temperature. The warpage and temperature distribution were analysed as performance indices. Then, signal-to-noise ratios (S/N ratios) were calculated. Gray correlation analysis, with normalization of the S/N ratio, was used to obtain the gray correlation coefficient, which was substituted into the fuzzy theory to obtain the multiple performance characteristic index. The maximum multiple performance characteristic index was used to find multiple quality characteristic-optimized process parameters. The optimal injection molding process parameters with single objective are a warpage of 0.783 mm and an average temperature of 235.23 °C. The optimal parameters with multi-objective are a warpage of 0.753 mm and an average temperature of 238.71 °C. The optimal parameters were then used to explore the different cooling designs (original cooling, square cooling, and conformal cooling), considering the effect of the plastics temperature distribution and warpage. The results showed that, based on the design of the different cooling systems, conformal cooling obtained an optimal warpage of 0.661 mm and a temperature of 237.62 °C. Furthermore, the conformal cooling system is smaller than the original cooling system; it reduces the warpage by 12.2%, and the average temperature by 0.46%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tai Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-L.T.)
| | - Chia-Lun Tsai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-L.T.)
| | - Wen-Hsien Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan; (W.-T.H.); (C.-L.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.H.); (J.-H.C.)
| | - Jyh-Horng Chou
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-H.H.); (J.-H.C.)
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10
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Ott C, Drummer D. Low‐stress over‐molding of media‐tight electronics using thermoplastic foam injection molding. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Ott
- Institute of Polymer Technology Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
| | - Dietmar Drummer
- Institute of Polymer Technology Friedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nuremberg Erlangen Germany
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11
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Kuo CC, Chen WH. Improving Cooling Performance of Injection Molding Tool with Conformal Cooling Channel by Adding Hybrid Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081224. [PMID: 33920123 PMCID: PMC8069664 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone rubber mold (SRM) is capable of reducing the cost and time in a new product development phase and has many applications for the pilot runs. Unfortunately, the SRM after injection molding has a poor cooling efficiency due to its low thermal conductivity. To improve the cooling efficiency, the thermal conductivity of the SRM was improved by adding fillers into the SRM. An optimal recipe for fabricating a high cooling efficiency low-pressure injection mold with conformal cooling channel fabricated by fused deposition modeling technology was proposed and implemented. This study proposes a recipe combining 52.6 wt.% aluminum powder, 5.3 wt.% graphite powder, and 42.1 wt.% liquid silicon rubber can be used to make SRM with excellent cooling efficiency. The price-performance ratio of this SRM made by the proposed recipe is around 55. The thermal conductivity of the SRM made by the proposed recipe can be increased by up to 77.6% compared with convention SRM. In addition, the actual cooling time of the injection molded product can be shortened up to 69.1% compared with the conventional SRM. The actual cooling time obtained by the experiment is in good agreement with the simulation results with the relative error rate about 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chil-Chyuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| | - Wei-Hua Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan;
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Mohd Hanid MH, Abd Rahim SZ, Gondro J, Sharif S, Al Bakri Abdullah MM, Zain AM, El-hadj Abdellah A, Mat Saad MN, Wysłocki JJ, Nabiałek M. Warpage Optimisation on the Moulded Part with Straight Drilled and Conformal Cooling Channels Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) Optimisation Approaches. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14061326. [PMID: 33802032 PMCID: PMC8000972 DOI: 10.3390/ma14061326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
It is quite challenging to control both quality and productivity of products produced using injection molding process. Although many previous researchers have used different types of optimisation approaches to obtain the best configuration of parameters setting to control the quality of the molded part, optimisation approaches in maximising the performance of cooling channels to enhance the process productivity by decreasing the mould cycle time remain lacking. In this study, optimisation approaches namely Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Glowworm Swarm Optimisation (GSO) were employed on front panel housing moulded using Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). Each optimisation method was analysed for both straight drilled and Milled Groove Square Shape (MGSS) conformal cooling channel moulds. Results from experimental works showed that, the performance of MGSS conformal cooling channels could be enhanced by employing the optimisation approach. Therefore, this research provides useful scientific knowledge and an alternative solution for the plastic injection moulding industry to improve the quality of moulded parts in terms of deformation using the proposed optimisation approaches in the used of conformal cooling channels mould.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Hazwan Mohd Hanid
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.M.H.); (S.Z.A.R.)
| | - Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (M.H.M.H.); (S.Z.A.R.)
| | - Joanna Gondro
- Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Safian Sharif
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (S.S.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Mohd Zain
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (S.S.); (A.M.Z.)
| | - Abdellah El-hadj Abdellah
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Physics and Mathematical Modelling (LMP2M), University of Medea, Medea 26000, Algeria;
| | - Mohd Nasir Mat Saad
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia;
- Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia;
| | - Jerzy J. Wysłocki
- Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Marcin Nabiałek
- Department of Physics, Częstochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland; (J.G.); (J.J.W.); (M.N.)
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13
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Microstructure and Properties of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide/Nylon Microcellular Foamed Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102368. [PMID: 33076464 PMCID: PMC7602564 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The automobile and aerospace industries require lightweight and high-strength structural parts. Nylon-based microcellular foamed composites have the characteristics of high strength and the advantages of being lightweight as well as having a low production cost and high product dimensional accuracy. In this work, the glass fiber-reinforced nylon foams were prepared through microcellular injection molding with supercritical fluid as the blowing agent. The tensile strength and weight loss ratio of microcellular foaming composites with various injection rates, temperatures, and volumes were investigated through orthogonal experiments. Moreover, the correlations between dielectric constant and injection volume were also studied. The results showed that the "slow-fast" injection rate, increased temperature, and injection volume were beneficial to improving the tensile strength and strength/weight ratios. Meanwhile, the dielectric constant can be decreased by building the microcellular structure in nylon, which is associated with the weight loss ratio extent closely.
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