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Samad A, Siew WH, Given M, Liggat J, Timoshkin I. Investigating the Impact of Hardness on Dielectric Breakdown Characteristics of Polyurethane. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:24538-24545. [PMID: 38882065 PMCID: PMC11171084 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Polymeric materials play a vital role in high-voltage insulation, but their insulating properties can deteriorate over time, leading to insulation failures. The presence of voids resulting from manufacturing defects or external stresses can create a highly divergent field, further contributing to this issue. However, certain polymers, such as polyurethane (PU), possess self-healing properties that enable them to repair these voids and restore a uniform electric field distribution, thereby ensuring the reliability of the insulation. Surprisingly, the potential of PU as an insulating material in high-voltage applications remains unexplored. However, the self-healing capability of PU decreases with an increase in the hardness of the material. Therefore, in this study, the dielectric breakdown properties of PU with different levels of hardness, rated on the Shore scale as 40° (soft), 70° (medium), and 90° (hard), were investigated. The AC and DC dielectric breakdown characteristics of these PU variants and dielectric spectra were examined. Additionally, the study explores the relationship between the dielectric properties and the hardness of the material. Our findings revealed that the dielectric breakdown strength of PU increases as the material's hardness is increased under both AC and DC electric stress. However, this may come at the cost of reduced self-healing capabilities of PU. Therefore, there is a need to balance the hardness of the material with its ability to recover from breakdown events. The findings from this study can be useful for researchers and engineers, as they offer valuable insights into the dielectric properties of PU at various hardness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Samad
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
| | - Wah Hoon Siew
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
| | - Martin Given
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
| | - John Liggat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
| | - Igor Timoshkin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, U.K
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Hong PH, Moon G, Kim J, Choi K, Ko MJ, Yoon HG, Hong SW. Highly Self-Healable Polymeric Coating Materials Based on Charge Transfer Complex Interactions with Outstanding Weatherability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4544. [PMID: 38231957 PMCID: PMC10707963 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we prepare highly self-healable polymeric coating materials using charge transfer complex (CTC) interactions. The resulting coating materials demonstrate outstanding thermal stability (1 wt% loss thermal decomposition temperature at 420 °C), rapid self-healing kinetics (in 5 min), and high self-healing efficiency (over 99%), which is facilitated by CTC-induced multiple interactions between the polymeric chains. In addition, these materials exhibit excellent optical properties, including transmittance over 91% and yellow index (YI) below 2, and show enhanced weatherability with a ΔYI value below 0.5 after exposure to UV light for 72 h. Furthermore, the self-healable coating materials developed in this study show outstanding mechanical properties by overcoming the limitations of conventional self-healing materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyong Hwa Hong
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmin Moon
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Kiwon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Gyu Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Hong
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-Mobility, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Choi K, Noh A, Kim J, Hong PH, Ko MJ, Hong SW. Properties and Applications of Self-Healing Polymeric Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4408. [PMID: 38006132 PMCID: PMC10674826 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-healing polymeric materials, engineered to autonomously self-restore damages from external stimuli, are at the forefront of sustainable materials research. Their ability to maintain product quality and functionality and prolong product life plays a crucial role in mitigating the environmental burden of plastic waste. Historically, initial research on the development of self-healing materials has focused on extrinsic self-healing systems characterized by the integration of embedded healing agents. These studies have primarily focused on optimizing the release of healing agents and ensuring rapid self-healing capabilities. In contrast, recent advancements have shifted the focus towards intrinsic self-healing systems that utilize their inherent reactivity and interactions within the matrix. These systems offer the advantage of repeated self-healing over the same damaged zone, which is attributed to reversible chemical reactions and supramolecular interactions. This review offers a comprehensive perspective on extrinsic and intrinsic self-healing approaches and elucidates their unique properties and characteristics. Furthermore, various self-healing mechanisms are surveyed, and insights from cutting-edge studies are integrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwon Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahyeon Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpeit Blvc, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Pyong Hwa Hong
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Ko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Hong
- Green and Sustainable Materials R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-Mobility, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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Ahn C, Hong PH, Lee J, Kim J, Moon G, Lee S, Park I, Han H, Hong SW. Highly Self-Healable Polymeric Coating Materials with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Based on the Charge Transfer Complex. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235181. [PMID: 36501576 PMCID: PMC9738447 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric coating materials (PCMs) are promising candidates for developing next-generation flexible displays. However, PCMs are frequently subjected to external stimuli, making them highly susceptible to repeated damage. Therefore, in this study, a highly self-healing PCM based on a charge transfer complex (CTC) was developed, and its thermal, self-healing, and mechanical properties were examined. The self-healing material demonstrated improved thermal stability, fast self-healing kinetics (1 min), and a high self-healing efficiency (98.1%) via CTC-induced multiple interactions between the polymeric chains. In addition, it eliminated the trade-off between the mechanical strength and self-healing capability that is experienced by typical self-healing materials. The developed PCM achieved excellent self-healing and superior bulk (in-plane) and surface (out-of-plane) mechanical strengths compared to those of conventional engineering plastics such as polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polysulfone (PSU), and polyethersulfone (PES). These remarkable properties are attributed to the unique intermolecular structure resulting from strong CTC interactions. A mechanism for the improved self-healing and mechanical properties was also proposed by comparing the CTC-based self-healing PCMs with a non-CTC-based PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjae Ahn
- Organic Materials LAB, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 129 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16677, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyong Hwa Hong
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhen Lee
- Organic Materials LAB, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 129 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16677, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsil Kim
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Gyeongmin Moon
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
- Current Address: MS Development Team, PI Advanced Materials, 27 Godeung 1-gil, Iwol-myeon, Jincheon-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do 27818, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkoo Lee
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - In Park
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Haksoo Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (S.W.H.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-2764 (H.H.); +82-41-589-8675 (S.W.H.)
| | - Sung Woo Hong
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, 89 Yangdaegiro-gil, Ipjang-myeon, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si 31056, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Solutions to Electromagnetic Interference in Future-Mobility, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (S.W.H.); Tel.: +82-2-2123-2764 (H.H.); +82-41-589-8675 (S.W.H.)
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Fulignati S, Antonetti C, Tabanelli T, Cavani F, Raspolli Galletti AM. Integrated Cascade Process for the Catalytic Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to Furanic and TetrahydrofuranicDiethers as Potential Biofuels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200241. [PMID: 35384331 PMCID: PMC9401012 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The depletion of fossil resources is driving the research towards alternative renewable ones. Under this perspective, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents a key molecule deriving from biomass characterized by remarkable potential as platform chemical. In this work, for the first time, the hydrogenation of HMF in ethanol was selectively addressed towards 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF) or 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BHMTHF) by properly tuning the reaction conditions in the presence of the same commercial catalyst (Ru/C), reaching the highest yields of 80 and 93 mol%, respectively. These diols represent not only interesting monomers but strategic precursors for two scarcely investigated ethoxylated biofuels, 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)furan (BEMF) and 2,5-bis(ethoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (BEMTHF). Therefore, the etherification with ethanol of pure BHMF and BHMTHF and of crude BHMF, as obtained from hydrogenation step, substrates scarcely investigated in the literature, was performed with several commercial heterogeneous acid catalysts. Among them, the zeolite HZSM-5 (Si/Al=25) was the most promising system, achieving the highest BEMF yield of 74 mol%. In particular, for the first time, the synthesis of the fully hydrogenated diether BEMTHF was thoroughly studied, and a novel cascade process for the tailored conversion of HMF to the diethyl ethers BEMF and BEMTHF was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fulignati
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of Pisavia Giuseppe Moruzzi 1356124PisaItaly
- Interuniversity Consortium for Chemical Reactivity and Catalysis (CIRCC)Via CelsoUlpiani 2770126BariItaly
| | - Tommaso Tabanelli
- Department of Industrial Chemsistry “TosoMontanari”Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
| | - Fabrizio Cavani
- Department of Industrial Chemsistry “TosoMontanari”Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 440136BolognaItaly
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Preparation and Properties of Self-Healing Waterborne Polyurethane Based on Dynamic Disulfide Bond. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13172936. [PMID: 34502976 PMCID: PMC8434390 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-healing waterborne polyurethane (WPU) materials containing dynamic disulfide (SS) bond was prepared by introducing SS bond into polymer materials. The zeta potential revealed that all the synthesized WPU emulsions displayed excellent stability, and the particle size of them was about 100 nm. The characteristic peaks of N-H and S-S in urethane were verified by FTIR, and the chemical environment of all elements were confirmed by the XPS test. Furthermore, the tensile strength, self-healing process and self-healing efficiency of the materials were quantitatively evaluated by tensile measurements. The results showed that the self-healing efficiency could reach 96.14% when the sample was heat treated at 70 °C for 4 h. In addition, the material also showed a good reprocessing performance, and the tensile strength of the reprocessed film was 3.39 MPa.
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Yadav BC, Kudaibergenov SE, Uflyand IE. Basic Approaches to the Design of Intrinsic Self-Healing Polymers for Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2594. [PMID: 33158271 PMCID: PMC7694280 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) as a revolutionary system for harvesting mechanical energy have demonstrated high vitality and great advantage, which open up great prospects for their application in various areas of the society of the future. The past few years have seen exponential growth in many new classes of self-healing polymers (SHPs) for TENGs. This review presents and evaluates the SHP range for TENGs, and also attempts to assess the impact of modern polymer chemistry on the development of advanced materials for TENGs. Among the most widely used SHPs for TENGs, the analysis of non-covalent (hydrogen bond, metal-ligand bond), covalent (imine bond, disulfide bond, borate bond) and multiple bond-based SHPs in TENGs has been performed. Particular attention is paid to the use of SHPs with shape memory as components of TENGs. Finally, the problems and prospects for the development of SHPs for TENGs are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of Metallopolymers, The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia;
- Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), 125993 Moscow, Russia
| | - Bal C. Yadav
- Nanomaterials and Sensors Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, India;
| | - Sarkyt E. Kudaibergenov
- Institute of Polymer Materials and Technology, Almaty 050019, Kazakhstan;
- Laboratory of Engineering Profile, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
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