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Jiang S, Niu H, Gu X, Cai Y. Perfluoroalkyl Functionalized Superhydrophobic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Excellent Oil-Water Membrane Separation and Anhydrous Proton Conduction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403772. [PMID: 39004855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Rapid economic development has led to oil pollution and energy shortage. Membrane separation has attracted much attention due to its simplicity and efficiency in oil-water-separation. The development of membrane materials with enhanced separation properties is essential to improve the separation-efficiency. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are expected to replace conventional engines due to their high-power-conversion rates and other favorable properties. Anhydrous-proton-conducting materials are vital components of PEMFCs. However, developing stable proton-conducting materials that exhibit high conductivity at varying temperatures remains challenging. Herein, two covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with long-side-chains are synthesized, and their corresponding COF@SSN membranes. Both membranes can effectively separate oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions. The TFPT-AF membrane achieves a maximum oil-flux of 6.05 × 105 g h-1 m-2 with an oil-water separation efficiency of above 99%, which is almost unchanged after 20 consecutive uses. COF@H3PO4 doped with different ratios of H3PO4 is prepared, the results show that the perfluorocarbon-chain system has excellent anhydrous proton conductivity , achieving an ultra-high proton-conductivity of 3.98 × 10-1 S cm-1 at 125 °C. This study lays the foundation for tailor-made-functionalization of COF through pre-engineering and surface-modification, highlighting the great potential of COFs for oil-water separation and anhydrous-proton-conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
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Kodir A, Woo S, Shin SH, So S, Man Yu D, Lee H, Shin D, Lee JY, Park SH, Bae B. Poly(p-phenylene)-based membranes with cerium for chemically durable polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26680. [PMID: 38434046 PMCID: PMC10906415 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
A poly(p-phenylene)-based multiblock polymer is developed with an oligomeric chain extender and cerium (CE-sPP-PPES + Ce3+) to realize better performance and durability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The membrane performance is evaluated in single cells at 80 °C and at 100% and 50% relative humidity (RH). The accelerated stability test is conducted 90 °C and 30% RH, during which linear sweep voltammetry and hydrogen permeation detection are monitored periodically. Results demonstrate that the proton conductivity of the pristine hydrocarbon membranes is superior to that of PFSA membranes, and the hydrogen crossover is significantly lower. In addition, a composite membrane containing cerium performs similarly to a pristine membrane, particularly at low RH levels. Adding cerium to CE-sPP-PPES + Ce3+ membranes improves their chemical durability significantly, with an open circuit voltage decay rate of only 89 μV/h for 1000 h. The hydrogen crossover is maintained across accelerated stability tests, as confirmed by hydrogen detection and crossover current density. The short-circuit resistance indicates that membrane thinning is less likely to occur. Collectively, these results demonstrate that a hydrocarbon membrane with cerium is a potential alternative for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Kodir
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Seunghee Woo
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Soonyong So
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Dongwon Shin
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Jang Yong Lee
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Park
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
| | - Byungchan Bae
- Department of Renewable Energy Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
- Fuel Cell Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), 152 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34129, South Korea
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Simari C. NMR Investigation of Water Molecular Dynamics in Sulfonated Polysulfone/Layered Double Hydroxide Composite Membranes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:684. [PMID: 37505050 PMCID: PMC10384311 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanocomposite membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers is emerging as one of the most promising strategies for overcoming the performance, cost, and safety limitations of Nafion, which is the current benchmark in proton exchange membranes for fuel cell applications. Among the various nanocomposite membranes, those based on sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) and Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) hold promise regarding their successful utilization in practical applications due to their interesting electrochemical performance. This study aims to elucidate the effect of LDH introduction on the internal arrangement of water molecules in the hydrophilic clusters of sPSU and on its proton transport properties. Swelling tests, NMR characterization, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) investigation allowed us to demonstrate that LDH platelets act as physical crosslinkers between -SO3H groups of adjacent polymer chains. This increases dimensional stability while simultaneously creating continuous paths for proton conduction. This feature, combined with its impressive water retention capability, allows sPSU to yield a proton conductivity of ca. 4 mS cm-1 at 90 °C and 20% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- National Reference Centre for Electrochemical Energy Storage (GISEL)-INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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Di Virgilio M, Basso Peressut A, Pontoglio A, Latorrata S, Dotelli G. Study of Innovative GO/PBI Composites as Possible Proton Conducting Membranes for Electrochemical Devices. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:428. [PMID: 37103855 PMCID: PMC10143660 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The appeal of combining polybenzimidazole (PBI) and graphene oxide (GO) for the manufacturing of membranes is increasingly growing, due to their versatility. Nevertheless, GO has always been used only as a filler in the PBI matrix. In such context, this work proposes the design of a simple, safe, and reproducible procedure to prepare self-assembling GO/PBI composite membranes characterized by GO-to-PBI (X:Y) mass ratios of 1:3, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. SEM and XRD suggested a homogenous reciprocal dispersion of GO and PBI, which established an alternated stacked structure by mutual π-π interactions among the benzimidazole rings of PBI and the aromatic domains of GO. TGA indicated a remarkable thermal stability of the composites. From mechanical tests, improved tensile strengths but worsened maximum strains were observed with respect to pure PBI. The preliminary evaluation of the suitability of the GO/PBI X:Y composites as proton exchange membranes was executed via IEC determination and EIS. GO/PBI 2:1 (IEC: 0.42 meq g-1; proton conductivity at 100 °C: 0.0464 S cm-1) and GO/PBI 3:1 (IEC: 0.80 meq g-1; proton conductivity at 100 °C: 0.0451 S cm-1) provided equivalent or superior performances with respect to similar PBI-based state-of-the-art materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Saverio Latorrata
- Correspondence: (A.B.P.); (S.L.); Tel.: +39-02-2399-3190 (A.B.P. & S.L.)
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Guo L, Masuda A, Miyatake K. Reinforcement effect in tandemly sulfonated, partially fluorinated polyphenylene PEMs for fuel cells. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11225-11233. [PMID: 37056974 PMCID: PMC10088072 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01041d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and chemical durability is one of the most crucial properties for proton exchange membranes in practical fuel cell applications. In the present paper, we report the physical reinforcement of chemically stable, highly proton conductive tandemly sulfonated, partially fluorinated polyphenylenes using porous polyethylene (PE). With the PE pores completely and homogeneously filled by ionomers through a push coating approach, the resulting reinforced membranes were more proton conductive (183.1-389.2 mS cm-1) than the commercial perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion: 120.6-187.2 mS cm-1) membrane at high humidity (80-95% RH). Benefiting from the tough PE supporting layer, the reinforced membranes outperformed the parent ionomer membranes in stretchability with maximum strain up to 453%. The combination of intrinsic chemical stability of partially fluorinated polyphenylene ionomers and physical reinforcement with PE substrates contributed for the reinforced membranes to achieving superior durability to survive more than 20 000 cycles in severe accelerated durability test combining OCV hold and wet/dry frequent cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering and Agricultural Science, University of Yamanashi Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | | | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, and Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214252. [PMID: 36430726 PMCID: PMC9694323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.
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Choi J, Kim D, Chae JE, Lee S, Kim SM, Yoo SJ, Kim HJ, Choi M, Jang S. Oxygen Plasma-Mediated Microstructured Hydrocarbon Membrane for Improving Interface Adhesion and Mass Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:50956-50965. [PMID: 36327306 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing a method for fabricating high-efficient and low-cost fuel cells is imperative for commercializing polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FCs). This study introduces a mechanical and chemical modification technique using the oxygen plasma irradiation process for hydrocarbon-based (HC) PEM. The oxygen functional groups were introduced on the HC-PEM surface through the plasma process in the controlled area, and microsized structures were formed. The modified membrane was incorporated with plasma-treated electrodes, improving the adhesive force between the HC-PEM and the electrode. The decal transfer was enabled at low temperatures and pressures, and the interfacial resistance in the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) was reduced. Furthermore, the micropillar structured electrode configuration significantly reduced the oxygen transport resistance in the MEA. Various diagnostic techniques were conducted to find out the effects of the membrane surface modification, interface adhesion, and mass transport, such as physical characterizations, mechanical stress tests, and diverse electrochemical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eon Chae
- Department of Mobility Power Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon34103, Korea
| | - Sanghyeok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jong Yoo
- Center for Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 200 Hyeoksin-ro, Naju, Jeonnam58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Segeun Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kookmin National University, Seoul02707, Republic of Korea
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Agyekum EB, Ampah JD, Wilberforce T, Afrane S, Nutakor C. Research Progress, Trends, and Current State of Development on PEMFC-New Insights from a Bibliometric Analysis and Characteristics of Two Decades of Research Output. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1103. [PMID: 36363658 PMCID: PMC9698372 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of hydrogen could increase by sixfold in 2050 compared to 2020 levels, reaching about 530 Mt. Against this backdrop, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been a major research area in the field of energy engineering. Several reviews have been provided in the existing corpus of literature on PEMFC, but questions related to their evolutionary nuances and research hotspots remain largely unanswered. To fill this gap, the current review uses bibliometric analysis to analyze PEMFC articles indexed in the Scopus database that were published between 2000-2021. It has been revealed that the research field is growing at an annual average growth rate of 19.35%, with publications from 2016 to 2012 alone making up 46% of the total articles available since 2000. As the two most energy-consuming economies in the world, the contributions made towards the progress of PEMFC research have largely been from China and the US. From the research trend found in this investigation, it is clear that the focus of the researchers in the field has largely been to improve the performance and efficiency of PEMFC and its components, which is evident from dominating keywords or phrases such as 'oxygen reduction reaction', 'electrocatalysis', 'proton exchange membrane', 'gas diffusion layer', 'water management', 'polybenzimidazole', 'durability', and 'bipolar plate'. We anticipate that the provision of the research themes that have emerged in the PEMFC field in the last two decades from the scientific mapping technique will guide existing and prospective researchers in the field going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Bonah Agyekum
- Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia Boris Yeltsin, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Jeffrey Dankwa Ampah
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Tabbi Wilberforce
- Mechanical Engineering and Design, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Sandylove Afrane
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Christabel Nutakor
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo P.O. Box 24, Ghana
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Meng X, Lv Y, Ding L, Peng L, Peng Q, Cong C, Ye H, Zhou Q. Effect of Covalent Organic Frameworks Containing Different Groups on Properties of Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Matrix Proton Exchange Membranes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3518. [PMID: 36234649 PMCID: PMC9565559 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rich -SO3H groups enable sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to possess excellent proton conductivities in proton exchange membrane (PEM), but cause excessive water absorption, resulting in the decline of dimensional stability. It is a challenge to resolve the conflict between conductivity and stability. Owing to its unique structural designability, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been used to regulate the performances of PEMs. The authors propose the use of COFs with acidic and basic groups for meeting the requirements of proton conductivity and dimensional stability. Herein, COFs containing different groups (sulfoacid, pyridine, and both) were uniformly dispersed into the SPEEK matrix by in situ synthesis, and the effects on the properties of SPEEK matrix PEMs were revealed. The sulfoacid group significantly improves proton conductivities. At 60 °C, under 95% RH, the conductivity of the SPEEK/TpPa-SO3H-20 composite membrane was 443.6 mS·cm-1, which was 3.3 times that of the pristine SPEEK membrane. The pyridine group reduced the swelling ratio at 50 °C from 220.7% to 2.4%, indicating an enhancement in dimensional stability. Combining the benefits of sulfoacid and pyridine groups, SPEEK/TpPa-(SO3H-Py) composite membrane has a conductivity of 360.3 mS·cm-1 at 60 °C and 95% RH, which is 1.86 times that of SPEEK, and its swelling ratio is 11.8%, about 1/20 of that of SPEEK membrane. The method of in situ combination and regulation of groups open up a way for the development of SPEEK/COFs composite PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yinan Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Lei Ding
- CSSC Systems Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Luman Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiwang Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Chuanbo Cong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Haimu Ye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Materials, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Failure, Corrosion, and Protection of Oil/Gas Facilities, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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10
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Al Lafi AG, Arfan A, Alnaama D, Hasan R, Allaf T, Ibrahim M, Alssayes G. Sulfonation of poly(ether ether ketone): An evidence for di-substitution of the repeat unit. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Wang S, Zhao L, Sun H, Wu Y, Wang R, Zhang S, Du L, Zhao Q. Two Novel Three‐Dimensional Tetraphenylethylene‐Based Rare Earth MOFs with Ultra‐High Proton Conductivity and Performance Stability. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202154. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Lijia Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Hanxu Sun
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Ruidong Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Suoshu Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Lin Du
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Education Ministry Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
| | - Qi‐Hua Zhao
- School of Chemical Science and Technology Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource Education Ministry Yunnan University Kunming 650091 Yunnan P. R. China
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12
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Jamil A, Rafiq S, Iqbal T, Khan HAA, Khan HM, Azeem B, Mustafa MZ, Hanbazazah AS. Current status and future perspectives of proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135204. [PMID: 35660058 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The world is on the lookout for sustainable and environmentally benign energy generating systems. Fuel cells (FCs) are regarded as environmentally friendly technology since they address a variety of environmental issues, such as hazardous levels of local pollutants, while also delivering economic advantages owing to their high efficiency. A fuel cell is a device that changes chemical energy contained in fuels (such as hydrogen and methanol) into electrical energy. A wide variety of FCs are commercially available; however, proton exchange membranes for hydrogen fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received overwhelming attention owing to their potential to significantly reduce our energy consumption, pollution emissions, and reliance on fossil fuels. The proton exchange membrane (PEM) is a critical element; it is made of semipermeable polymer and serves as a barrier between the cathode and anode during fuel cell construction. Additionally, membranes function as an insulator between the cathode and anode, facilitating proton exchange and inhibiting electron exchange between the electrodes. Due to the excellent features such as durability and proton conductivity, Nafion membranes are commercially viable and have been in use for a long time. However, Nafion membranes are costly, and their proton exchange capacities degrade over time at higher temperatures and low relative humidity. Other types of membranes have been considered in addition to Nafion membranes. This article discusses the problems connected with several types of PEMs, as well as the strategies adopted to improve their characteristics and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Jamil
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan.
| | - Sikander Rafiq
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Aroosa Aslam Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Haris Mahmood Khan
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore (New Campus), Pakistan
| | - Babar Azeem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - M Z Mustafa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Abdulkader S Hanbazazah
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Golubenko DV, Malakhova VR, Yurova PA, Evsiunina MV, Stenina IA. Effect of Sulfonation Conditions on Properties of Ion-Conducting Membranes Based on Polystyrene Grafted on Gamma-Irradiated Polyvinylidene Fluoride Films. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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14
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Wei G, Liang Y, Wang Y, Liu X, Wang L. Achieving high power density of 859.5 mW cm−2: Self-cross-linking polymer membrane based on rigid fluorenone structure. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Ng WW, Thiam HS, Pang YL, Chong KC, Lai SO. A State-of-Art on the Development of Nafion-Based Membrane for Performance Improvement in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12050506. [PMID: 35629832 PMCID: PMC9143503 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Nafion, a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane (PEM), has been widely used in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) to serve as a proton carrier, methanol barrier, and separator for the anode and cathode. A significant drawback of Nafion in DMFC applications is the high anode-to-cathode methanol fuel permeability that results in over 40% fuel waste. Therefore, the development of a new membrane with lower permeability while retaining the high proton conductivity and other inherent properties of Nafion is greatly desired. In light of these considerations, this paper discusses the research findings on developing Nafion-based membranes for DMFC. Several aspects of the DMFC membrane are also presented, including functional requirements, transport mechanisms, and preparation strategies. More importantly, the effect of the various modification approaches on the performance of the Nafion membrane is highlighted. These include the incorporation of inorganic fillers, carbon nanomaterials, ionic liquids, polymers, or other techniques. The feasibility of these membranes for DMFC applications is discussed critically in terms of transport phenomena-related characteristics such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability. Moreover, the current challenges and future prospects of Nafion-based membranes for DMFC are presented. This paper will serve as a resource for the DMFC research community, with the goal of improving the cost-effectiveness and performance of DMFC membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wuen Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
| | - Hui San Thiam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Yean Ling Pang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok Chung Chong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
- Centre for Photonics and Advanced Materials Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Soon Onn Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering & Science, Sungai Long Campus, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long, Bandar Sungai Long, Kajang 43000, Malaysia; (W.W.N.); (Y.L.P.); (K.C.C.); (S.O.L.)
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16
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Mayadevi TS, Goo BH, Paek SY, Choi O, Kim Y, Kwon OJ, Lee SY, Kim HJ, Kim TH. Nafion Composite Membranes Impregnated with Polydopamine and Poly(Sulfonated Dopamine) for High-Performance Proton Exchange Membranes. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:12956-12970. [PMID: 35474770 PMCID: PMC9026075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We prepared Nafion composite membranes by impregnating Nafion-212 with polydopamine, poly(sulfonated dopamine), and poly(dopamine-co-sulfonated dopamine) using the swelling-filling method to generate nanopores in the Nafion framework that were filled with these polymers. Compared to the pristine Nafion-212 membrane, these composite membranes showed improved thermal and mechanical stabilities due to the strong interactions between the catecholamine of the polydopamine derivatives and the Nafion matrix. For the composite membrane filled with poly(sulfonated dopamine) (N-PSDA), further interactions were induced between the Nafion and the sulfonic acid side chain, resulting in enhanced water uptake and ion conductivity. In addition, filling the nanopores in the Nafion matrix with polymer fillers containing aromatic hydrocarbon-based dopamine units led to an increase in the degree of crystallinity and resulted in a significant decrease in the hydrogen permeability of the composite membranes compared to Nafion-212. Hydrogen crossovers 26.8% lower than Nafion-212 at 95% relative humidity (RH) (fuel cell operating conditions) and 27.3% lower at 100% RH (water electrolysis operating conditions) were obtained. When applied to proton exchange membrane-based fuel cells, N-PSDA exhibited a peak power density of 966 mW cm-2, whereas N-PSDA showed a current density of 4785 mA cm-2, which is 12.4% higher than Nafion-212 at 2.0 V and 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. S. Mayadevi
- Organic
Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National
University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Hyuk Goo
- Organic
Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National
University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Yane Paek
- Hydrogen
and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ook Choi
- Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National
University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwang Kim
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic
of Korea
| | - Oh Joong Kwon
- Department
of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon
National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Innovation
Center for Chemical Engineering, Incheon
National University, 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Hydrogen
and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Juhn Kim
- Hydrogen
and Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
- Hydrogen
Energy Technology Laboratory, Korea Institute
of Energy Technology (KENTECH), Ujeong-ro, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do 58217, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Organic
Material Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, 119 Academy-ro,
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
- Research
Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National
University, 119 Academy-ro, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
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17
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Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Lv S, Ni H, Deng Y, Yuan Y. Effect of Different Hot-Pressing Pressure and Temperature on the Performance of Titanium Mesh-Based MEA for DMFC. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040431. [PMID: 35448401 PMCID: PMC9029175 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hot-pressing process of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is one of the research hotspots in the field of the fuel cell. To obtain suitable titanium mesh-based MEA hot pressing process parameters, titanium mesh was used as electrode substrate material. The anode and cathode of MEA were prepared by the drip-coated method, and the titanium mesh-based MEA was prepared under different hot-pressing pressure and temperature, respectively. The performance of titanium mesh-based MEA was studied by morphological observation, elemental analysis, thickness measurement, single cell test and numerical fitting analysis. The results demonstrated that: with increasing hot-pressing pressure from 0 MPa to 10 MPa, the forming thickness of titanium mesh-based MEA is getting thin gradually, and the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA first increased and then gradually decreased; with increasing hot-pressing temperature from 115 °C to 155 °C, the peak power density of titanium mesh-based MEA enhanced at the beginning and then also gradually decreased. Under the premise of a hot-pressing time of 180 s and the optimal operating temperature of DMFC of 60 °C, the appropriate hot-pressing process conditions of titanium mesh-based MEA are a hot-pressing pressure of 5 MPa and a hot-pressing temperature of 135 °C. The results can provide a technological reference for the preparation of titanium mesh MEA for DMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
| | - Yujie Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Shuaishuai Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Hongjun Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yelin Deng
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (H.N.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yinnan Yuan
- School of Rail Transportation, Soochow University, Suzhou 215131, China;
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18
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Nguyen DD, Quy Duc Pham T, Tanveer M, Khan H, Park JW, Park CW, Kim GM. Deep learning-based optimization of a microfluidic membraneless fuel cell for maximum power density via data-driven three-dimensional multiphysics simulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 348:126794. [PMID: 35149180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A deep learning-based method for optimizing a membraneless microfluidic fuel cell (MMFC)performance by combining the artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) was for the first time introduced. A three-dimensional multiphysics model that had an accuracy equivalent to experimental results (R2 = 0.976) was employed to generate the ANN's training data. The constructed ANN is equivalent to the simulation (R2 = 0.999) but with far better computation resource efficiency as the ANN's execution time is only 0.041 s. The ANN model is then used by the GA to determine the inputs (microchannel length = 10.040 mm, width = 0.501 mm, height = 0.635 mm; temperature = 288.210 K, cell voltage = 0.309 V) that lead to the maximum power density of 0.263 mWcm-2 (current density of 0.852 mAcm-2) of the MMFC. The ANN-GA and numerically calculated maximum power densities differed only by 0.766%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Dinh Nguyen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea; National Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, No.4 Pham Van Dong street, Cau Giay district, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thinh Quy Duc Pham
- Institute of Strategies Development, Thu Dau Mot University, 06 Tran Van On, Phu Hoa, Binh Duong, Viet Nam
| | - Muhammad Tanveer
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Haroon Khan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Cheol Woo Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Gyu Man Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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19
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Ionic Conductive Polymers for Electrochemical Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020246. [PMID: 35054652 PMCID: PMC8780285 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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20
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Peng J, Wang P, Yin B, Fu X, Wang L, Luo J, Peng X. Constructing stable continuous proton transport channels by in-situ preparation of covalent triazine-based frameworks in phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole for high-temperature proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Ionic Liquid in Phosphoric Acid-Doped Polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) as Electrolyte Membranes for PEM Fuel Cells: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100728. [PMID: 34677494 PMCID: PMC8541579 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing world energy demand and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels has initiated explorations for sustainable and green energy sources. High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are viewed as promising materials in fuel cell technology due to several advantages, namely improved kinetic of both electrodes, higher tolerance for carbon monoxide (CO) and low crossover and wastage. Recent technology developments showed phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA-PBI) membranes most suitable for the production of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, drawbacks caused by leaching and condensation on the phosphate groups hindered the application of the PA-PBI membranes. By phosphate anion adsorption on Pt catalyst layers, a higher volume of liquid phosphoric acid on the electrolyte-electrode interface and within the electrodes inhibits or even stops gas movement and impedes electron reactions as the phosphoric acid level grows. Therefore, doping techniques have been extensively explored, and recently ionic liquids (ILs) were introduced as new doping materials to prepare the PA-PBI membranes. Hence, this paper provides a review on the use of ionic liquid material in PA-PBI membranes for HT-PEMFC applications. The effect of the ionic liquid preparation technique on PA-PBI membranes will be highlighted and discussed on the basis of its characterization and performance in HT-PEMFC applications.
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22
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Ozaytekin I. Improving proton conductivity of poly(oxyphenylene benzimidazole) membranes with sulfonation and magnetite addition. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Synthesis and characterization of piperazine containing polyaspartimides blended polysulfone membranes for fuel cell applications. J Solid State Electrochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-021-04924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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24
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Abstract
The need to safeguard our planet by reducing carbon dioxide emissions has led to a significant development of research in the field of alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has proved to be the most promising molecule, as a fuel, due to its low environmental impact. Even if various methods already exist for producing hydrogen, most of them are not sustainable. Thus, research focuses on the biological sector, studying microalgae, and other microorganisms’ ability to produce this precious molecule in a natural way. In this review, we provide a description of the biochemical and molecular processes for the production of biohydrogen and give a general overview of one of the most interesting technologies in which hydrogen finds application for electricity production: fuel cells.
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25
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Long Z, Miyake J, Miyatake K. Ladder-type sulfonated poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene)s for high performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41058-41064. [PMID: 35519208 PMCID: PMC9057728 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08630d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene)s containing a sulfone-bonded ladder structure (SPAF-P-Lad) were synthesized by treating the precursor SPAF-P polymers with oleum as a novel proton exchange membrane for fuel cells. SPAF-P-Lad membranes had excellent solubility in polar organic solvents and high molecular weight (M n = 145.4-162.9 kDa, M w = 356.9-399.1 kDa) to provide bendable membranes with ion exchange capacity (IEC) ranging from 1.76 to 2.01 meq. g-1. SPAF-P-Lad membranes possessed higher proton conductivity than that of the precursor SPAF-P membranes because of the stronger water affinity. Compared with SPAF-P membranes (T g: 72-90 °C, Young's modulus: 0.08-0.42 GPa; yield stress: 5.7-15.1 MPa), SPAF-P-Lad membranes showed better mechanical stability to humidity and temperature and improved tensile properties (Young's modulus: 0.51-0.59 GPa; yield stress: 23.9-29.6 MPa). The selected membrane, SPAF-mP-Lad, exhibited improved fuel cell performance, in particular, under low humidity with air; the current density at 0.5 V was 0.56 A cm-2, while that for SPAF-pP was 0.46 A cm-2. The SPAF-mP-Lad membrane endured an open circuit voltage hold test for 1000 h with average decay of as small as 70 μV h-1. A series of post-analyses including current-voltage characteristics, molecular structure, molecular weight, and IEC suggested very minor degradation of the membrane under the accelerated testing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Long
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | - Junpei Miyake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi 4 Takeda Kofu Yamanashi 400-8510 Japan .,Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi 4-3 Takeda Kofu 400-8511 Japan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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26
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Reddy SMM, Raßlenberg E, Sloan-Dennison S, Hesketh T, Silberbush O, Tuttle T, Smith E, Graham D, Faulds K, Ulijn RV, Ashkenasy N, Lampel A. Proton-Conductive Melanin-Like Fibers through Enzymatic Oxidation of a Self-Assembling Peptide. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003511. [PMID: 33058283 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanin pigments have various properties that are of technological interest including photo- and radiation protection, rich coloration, and electronic functions. Nevertheless, laboratory-based synthesis of melanin and melanin-like materials with morphologies and chemical structures that are specifically optimized for these applications, is currently not possible. Here, melanin-like materials that are produced by enzymatic oxidation of a supramolecular tripeptide structures that are rich in tyrosine and have a 1D morphology are demonstrated, that are retained during the oxidation process while conducting tracks form through oxidative tyrosine crosslinking. Specifically, a minimalistic self-assembling peptide, Lys-Tyr-Tyr (KYY) with strong propensity to form supramolecular fibers, is utilized. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy shows that the tyrosines are pre-organized inside these fibers and, upon enzymatic oxidation, result in connected catechols. These form 1D conducting tracks along the length of the fiber, which gives rise to a level of internal disorder, but retention of the fiber morphology. This results in highly conductive structures demonstrated to be dominated by proton conduction. This work demonstrates the ability to control oxidation but retain a well-defined fibrous morphology that does not have a known equivalent in biology, and demonstrate exceptional conductivity that is enhanced by enzymatic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samala Murali Mohan Reddy
- Department of Materials Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Eileen Raßlenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Muenster, Corrensstraße 40, Muenster, 48149, Germany
| | - Sian Sloan-Dennison
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Travis Hesketh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ohad Silberbush
- Department of Materials Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Tell Tuttle
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ewen Smith
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Duncan Graham
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Karen Faulds
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Rein V Ulijn
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Ph.D. programs in Biochemistry and Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City, University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Nurit Ashkenasy
- Department of Materials Engineering and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Ayala Lampel
- Advanced Science Research Center (ASRC) at the Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY, 10031, USA
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- Sagol Center for Regenerative Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
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27
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Zou Y, Yang M, Liu G, Xu C. Sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone nitrile) membranes used for high temperature PEM fuel cell. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04855. [PMID: 32964157 PMCID: PMC7490535 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone nitrile)s with different equivalent weights (EW) ranging from 681 to 369 g mequiv.−1 were used to assemble a series of single proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in their turns. The mechanical strength and morphology of the copolymer were studied systematically. This paper mainly evaluated and compared their cell performance. The polarization curves showed that the prepared films have good performance at low temperature and high relative humidity. Due to the increase of temperature, dehydration seriously deteriorated the performance of the cell, especially for the membrane with high electron flow and low proton conductivity. However, at 100 °C, the cell performance of the membrane containing 441 g mequiv.- 1 was even better than that of Nafion@117 membrane. It could even be used at 125 °C. In the short life test, the output power density was stable at about 0.24 W•cm−2 within 24 h. These results show that our membranes were suitable for the applications of PEM fuel cell at high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Henan Tianguan Group Co. Ltd, Nanyang, Henan Province, 473000, China
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vehicle Biofuel Technology, Henan Tianguan Group Co. Ltd, Nanyang, Henan Province, 473000, China
| | - Chungang Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Corresponding author.
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28
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Wu X, Hong YL, Xu B, Nishiyama Y, Jiang W, Zhu J, Zhang G, Kitagawa S, Horike S. Perfluoroalkyl-Functionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks with Superhydrophobicity for Anhydrous Proton Conduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14357-14364. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - You-lee Hong
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, Tsurumi,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Bingqing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Yusuke Nishiyama
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, Tsurumi,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- JEOL RESONANCE Inc., 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Junwu Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | | | - Satoshi Horike
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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Lee S, Nam KH, Seo K, Kim G, Han H. Phase Inversion-Induced Porous Polybenzimidazole Fuel Cell Membranes: An Efficient Architecture for High-Temperature Water-Free Proton Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071604. [PMID: 32707660 PMCID: PMC7407769 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
To cope with the demand for cleaner alternative energy, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have received significant research attention owing to their high-power density, high fuel efficiency, and low polluting by-product. However, the water requirement of these cells has necessitated research on systems that do not require water and/or use other mediums with higher boiling points. In this work, a highly porous meta-polybenzimidazole (m-PBI) membrane was fabricated through the non-solvent induced phase inversion technique and thermal cross-linking for high-temperature PEMFC (HT-PEMFC) applications. Standard non-thermally treated porous membranes are susceptible to phosphoric acid (PA) even at low concentrations and are unsuitable as polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs). With the porous structure of m-PBI membranes, higher PA uptake and minimal swelling, which is controlled via cross-linking, was achieved. In addition, the membranes exhibited partial asymmetrical morphology and are directly applicable to fuel cell systems without any further modifications. Membranes with insufficient cross-linking resulted in an unstable performance in HT-PEMFC environments. By optimizing thermal treatment, a high-performance membrane with limited swelling and improved proton conductivity was achieved. Finally, the m-PBI membrane exhibited enhanced acid retention, proton conductivity, and fuel cell performance.
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30
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Abstract
The preparation strategies, structures, proton conductivity, conducting mechanism, application prospects and future research trends of zirconium-based MOFs are reviewed and highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- P. R. China
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