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Vellayappan MV, Duarte F, Sollogoub C, Dirrenberger J, Guinault A, Frith JE, Parkington HC, Molotnikov A, Cameron NR. Creation of Grooved Tissue Engineering Scaffolds from Architectured Multilayer Polymer Composites by a Tuneable One-Step Degradation Process. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401902. [PMID: 38949308 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The surface properties of biomaterials interact directly with biological systems, influencing cellular responses, tissue integration, and biocompatibility. Surface topography plays a critical role in cardiac tissue engineering by affecting electrical conductivity, cardiomyocyte alignment, and contractile function. Current methods for controlling surface properties and topography in cardiac tissue engineering scaffolds are limited, expensive, and lack precision. This study introduces a low-cost, one-step degradation process to create scaffolds with well-defined micro-grooves from multilayered 3D printed poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic polyurethane composites. The approach provides control over erosion rate and surface morphology, allowing easy tuning of scaffold topographical cues for tissue engineering applications. The findings reported in this study provide a library of easily tuneable scaffold topographical cues. A strong dependence of neonatal rat cardiomyocyte (NRCM) contact guidance with the multilayers' dimension and shape in partially degraded polylactic acid (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) samples is observed. NRCMs cultured on samples with a layer thickness of 13 ± 2 µm and depth of 4.7 ± 0.2 µm demonstrate the most regular contractions. Hence, the proposed fabrication scheme can be used to produce a new generation of biomaterials with excellent controllability determined by multilayer thickness, printing parameters, and degradation treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vignesh Vellayappan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Francisco Duarte
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Cyrille Sollogoub
- PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM University, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Justin Dirrenberger
- PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM University, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Alain Guinault
- PIMM, Arts et Metiers Institute of Technology, CNRS, Cnam, HESAM University, 151 boulevard de l'Hopital, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Helena C Parkington
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26, Innovation Walk, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Andrey Molotnikov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Neil R Cameron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, 14 Alliance Lane, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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曾 辉, 郭 芳, 黄 硕, 刘 宁, 郭 亚, 刘 昌. [Study on NaOH improving the surface morphology of three-dimensional printed poly- L- lactic acid mesh scaffolds]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2024; 38:348-355. [PMID: 38500430 PMCID: PMC10982027 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202311089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of NaOH on the surface morphology of three-dimensional (3D) printed poly- L-lactic acid (PLLA) mesh scaffolds. Methods The 3D printed PLLA mesh scaffolds were prepared by fused deposition molding technology, then the scaffold surfaces were etched with the NaOH solution. The concentrations of NaOH solution were 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 mol/L, and the treatment time was 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 hours, respectively. There were a total of 25 concentration and time combinations. After treatment, the microstructure, energy spectrum, roughness, hydrophilicity, compressive strength, as well as cell adhesion and proliferation of the scaffolds were observed. The untreated scaffolds were used as a normal control. Results 3D printed PLLA mesh scaffolds were successfully prepared by using fused deposition molding technology. After NaOH etching treatment, a rough or micro porous structure was constructed on the surface of the scaffold, and with the increase of NaOH concentration and treatment time, the size and density of the pores increased. The characterization of the scaffolds by energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that the crystal contains two elements, Na and O. The surface roughness of NaOH treated scaffolds significantly increased ( P<0.05) and the contact angle significantly decreased ( P<0.05) compared to untreated scaffolds. There was no significant difference in compressive strength between the untreated scaffolds and treated scaffolds under conditions of 0.1 mol/L/12 h and 1.0 mol/L/3 h ( P>0.05), while the compression strength of the other treated scaffolds were significantly lower than that of the untreated scaffolds ( P<0.05). After co-culturing the cells with the scaffold, NaOH treatment resulted in an increase in the number of cells on the surface of the scaffold and the spreading area of individual cells, and more synapses extending from adherent cells. Conclusion NaOH treatment is beneficial for increasing the surface hydrophilicity and cell adhesion of 3D printed PLLA mesh scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- 辉 曾
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - 芳 郭
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - 硕 黄
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - 宁 刘
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - 亚媛 郭
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
| | - 昌奎 刘
- 西安医学院口腔医学院牙颌面组织再生与修复研究中心(西安 710021)Research Center of Tooth and Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Restoration, School of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an Shaanxi, 710021, P. R. China
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Vasios AG, Skonta A, Patila M, Stamatis H. Biocatalytic Performance of β-Glucosidase Immobilized on 3D-Printed Single- and Multi-Channel Polylactic Acid Microreactors. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:288. [PMID: 38399016 PMCID: PMC10893134 DOI: 10.3390/mi15020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have attracted much attention in the current day owing to the unique advantages they provide. However, their application for industrial use is limited due to manufacturing limitations and high cost. Moreover, the scaling-up process of the microreactor has proven to be difficult. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a promising solution for the above obstacles due to its ability to fabricate complex structures quickly and at a relatively low cost. Hence, combining the advantages of the microscale with 3D printing technology could enhance the applicability of microfluidic devices in the industrial sector. In the present work, a 3D-printed single-channel immobilized enzyme microreactor with a volume capacity of 30 μL was designed and created in one step via the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing technique, using polylactic acid (PLA) as the printing material. The microreactor underwent surface modification with chitosan, and β-glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima was covalently immobilized. The immobilized biocatalyst retained almost 100% of its initial activity after incubation at different temperatures, while it could be effectively reused for up to 10 successful reaction cycles. Moreover, a multi-channel parallel microreactor incorporating 36 channels was developed, resulting in a significant increase in enzymatic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.-G.V.); (A.S.); (M.P.)
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Chen S, Tan S, Zheng L, Wang M. Multilayered Shape-Morphing Scaffolds with a Hierarchical Structure for Uterine Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6772-6788. [PMID: 38295266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Owing to dysfunction of the uterus, millions of couples around the world suffer from infertility. Different from conventional treatments, tissue engineering provides a new and promising approach to deal with difficult problems such as human tissue or organ failure. Adopting scaffold-based tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds in combination with stem cells and appropriate biomolecules may be constructed for uterine tissue regeneration. In this study, a hierarchical tissue engineering scaffold, which mimicked the uterine tissue structure and functions, was designed, and the biomimicking scaffolds were then successfully fabricated using solvent casting, layer-by-layer assembly, and 3D bioprinting techniques. For the multilayered, hierarchical structured scaffolds, poly(l-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLLA-co-TMC, "PLATMC" in short) and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) blends were first used to fabricate the shape-morphing layer of the scaffolds, which was to mimic the function of myometrium in uterine tissue. The PLATMC/PLGA polymer blend scaffolds were highly stretchable. Subsequently, after etching of the PLATMC/PLGA surface and employing estradiol (E2), polydopamine (PDA), and hyaluronic acid (HA), PDA@E2/HA multilayer films were formed on PLATMC/PLGA scaffolds to build an intelligent delivery platform to enable controlled and sustained release of E2. The PDA@E2/HA multilayer films also improved the biological performance of the scaffold. Finally, a layer of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-laden hydrogel [which was a blend of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and gelatin (Gel)] was 3D printed on the PDA@E2/HA multilayer films of the scaffold, thereby completing the construction of the hierarchical scaffold. BMSCs in the GelMA/Gel hydrogel layer exhibited excellent cell viability and could spread and be released eventually upon biodegradation of the GelMA/Gel hydrogel. It was shown that the hierarchically structured scaffolds could evolve from the initial flat shape into the tubular structure completely in an aqueous environment at 37 °C, fulfilling the requirement for curved scaffolds for uterine tissue engineering. The biomimicking scaffolds with a hierarchical structure and curved shape, high stretchability, and controlled and sustained E2 release appear to be very promising for uterine tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangsi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shenglong Tan
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Liwu Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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Svyntkivska M, Makowski T, Pawlowska R, Kregiel D, de Boer EL, Piorkowska E. Cytotoxicity studies and antibacterial modification of poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) nonwoven. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 233:113609. [PMID: 37925865 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Novel poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) PEF nonwovens were produced by solution electrospinning and further modification. To improve the wettability of the hydrophobic nonwovens with water, they were treated with sodium hydroxide. Cytotoxicity tests carried out with human keratinocytes confirmed that the nonwovens did not have a toxic effect on healthy cells. The hydrophilicity of the sodium hydroxide treated nonwoven favored the adherence of the cells and their growth. In turn, the two-step modification of the nonwovens by reactions with (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane and silver nitrate permitted to deposit silver particles on the fiber surfaces. The bacteria growth inhibition zones around the tested specimens were observed evidencing their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Svyntkivska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Roza Pawlowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ele L de Boer
- Avantium Renewable Polymers BV, Zekeringstraat 29, 1014 BV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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Aboamer MA, Alsuayri AS, Alassaf A, Alqahtani TM, Alresheedi BA, Saijari GN, Osman EA, Mohamed NAR. Hybrid Radiant Disinfection: Exploring UVC and UVB Sterilization Impact on the Mechanical Characteristics of PLA Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4658. [PMID: 38139910 PMCID: PMC10747951 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores the impact of disinfection techniques on the mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), a crucial material in the production of medical implants, tissue engineering, orthopedic devices and drug delivery systems, owing to its biocompatibility and ease of manufacturing. The focus is on evaluating the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) type C (254 nm wavelength) and the combined use of type C and B (310 nm wavelength) disinfection methods. Fifteen tensile test specimens (ASTM D638) and fifteen compression test specimens (ASTM D695) were utilized to assess PLA's mechanical properties, including yield strength, ultimate strength, and fracture strength. The investigation involved subjecting the specimens to the specified disinfection methods and evaluating these properties both before and after the disinfection process. In the tensile test, a statistically significant difference (p = 0) in yield displacement was observed among the three groups. Additionally, a notable difference (p = 0.047) in fracture displacement was identified between the untreated group and the UVC and UVB combination group. No discernible impact on yield or fracture forces was noted. In the compression test, there was a significant difference (p = 0.04) in yield displacement and a clear difference (p = 0.05) in fracture force between the untreated group and the UVC and UVB combination group. The hybrid combination of UVC and UVB disinfection techniques did not affect yield force in both tensile and compression tests. However, it demonstrated a clear impact on displacement, suggesting its potential as a promising disinfection technique in the medical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Aboamer
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | | | - Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Tariq M. Alqahtani
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Bakheet A. Alresheedi
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.A.)
| | - Ghazwan N. Saijari
- Department of Preventive Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elamir A. Osman
- Biomedical Technology Department, Inaya Medical Colleges, Riyadh 13541, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nader A. Rahman Mohamed
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Misr University for Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 12568, Egypt
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Lehnen AC, Hanke S, Schneider M, Radelof CML, Perestrelo J, Reinicke S, Reifarth M, Taubert A, Arndt KM, Hartlieb M. Modification of 3D-Printed PLA Structures Using Photo-Iniferter Polymerization: Toward On-Demand Antimicrobial Water Filters. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300408. [PMID: 37581256 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Water filtration is an important application to ensure the accessibility of clean drinking water. As requirements and contaminants vary on a local level, adjustable filter devices and their evaluation with contaminants are required. Within this work, modular filter devices are designed featuring an adjustable surface functionalization. For this purpose, 3D-printed structures are created consisting of bio-based poly(lactic acid) (PLA) that are manufactured by extrusion printing. The surface of PLA is activated with amino groups that are used to install xanthates as chain transfer agents. Subsequently, photo-iniferter (PI) polymerization is used to create cationic polymer brushes on the surface of PLA substrates. Multiple surface characterization techniques are employed to prove successful growth of polymer brushes on PLA. After initial optimization studies on flat surfaces, filter devices are printed, functionalized, and used to remove bacteria from contaminated water. Significant reduction of the number of microorganisms is detected after filtration (single filtration or cycling) and contaminating organism can also be removed from freshwater samples by simple incubation with a 3D-printed filter. The herein developed setup for producing functional filter devices and probing their performance in affinity filtration is a useful platform technology, enabling the rapid testing of polymer brushes for such applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Catherine Lehnen
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hanke
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Charlotte M L Radelof
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joana Perestrelo
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Reinicke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Reifarth
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andreas Taubert
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katja M Arndt
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Matthias Hartlieb
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, D-14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Hatt LP, Wirth S, Ristaniemi A, Ciric DJ, Thompson K, Eglin D, Stoddart MJ, Armiento AR. Micro-porous PLGA/ β-TCP/TPU scaffolds prepared by solvent-based 3D printing for bone tissue engineering purposes. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad084. [PMID: 37936893 PMCID: PMC10627288 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The 3D printing process of fused deposition modelling is an attractive fabrication approach to create tissue-engineered bone substitutes to regenerate large mandibular bone defects, but often lacks desired surface porosity for enhanced protein adsorption and cell adhesion. Solvent-based printing leads to the spontaneous formation of micropores on the scaffold's surface upon solvent removal, without the need for further post processing. Our aim is to create and characterize porous scaffolds using a new formulation composed of mechanically stable poly(lactic-co-glycol acid) and osteoconductive β-tricalcium phosphate with and without the addition of elastic thermoplastic polyurethane prepared by solvent-based 3D-printing technique. Large-scale regenerative scaffolds can be 3D-printed with adequate fidelity and show porosity at multiple levels analysed via micro-computer tomography, scanning electron microscopy and N2 sorption. Superior mechanical properties compared to a commercially available calcium phosphate ink are demonstrated in compression and screw pull out tests. Biological assessments including cell activity assay and live-dead staining prove the scaffold's cytocompatibility. Osteoconductive properties are demonstrated by performing an osteogenic differentiation assay with primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells. We propose a versatile fabrication process to create porous 3D-printed scaffolds with adequate mechanical stability and osteoconductivity, both important characteristics for segmental mandibular bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan P Hatt
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Wirth
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel J Ciric
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
| | - Keith Thompson
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- UCB Pharma, SL1 3WE Slough, UK
| | - David Eglin
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Mines Saint-Étienne, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, INSERM, U1059, 42023 Sainbiose, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Angela R Armiento
- AO Research Institute Davos, 7270 Davos Platz, Switzerland
- UCB Pharma, SL1 3WE Slough, UK
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9
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Im D, Gavande V, Lee HY, Lee WK. Influence of Molecular Weight on the Enzymatic Degradation of PLA Isomer Blends by a Langmuir System. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5087. [PMID: 37512361 PMCID: PMC10385088 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Polylactides (PLAs) and lactide copolymers are biodegradable, compostable, and derived from renewable resources, offering a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based synthetic polymers owing to their advantages of comparable mechanical properties with commodity plastics and biodegradability. Their hydrolytic stability and thermal properties can affect their potential for long-lasting applications. However, stereocomplex crystallization is a robust method between isomer PLAs that allows significant amelioration in copolymer properties, such as thermal stability, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility, through substantial intermolecular interactions amid l-lactyl and d-lactyl sequences, which have been the key approach to initial degradation rate and further PLA applications. It was demonstrated that the essential parameters affecting stereocomplexation are the mixing ratio and the chain length of each unit sequence. This study deals with the molecular weight, one of the specific interactions between isomers of PLAs. A solution polymerization method was applied to control molecular weight and chain architecture. The stereocomplexation was monitored with DSC. It was confirmed that the lower molecular weight polymer showed a higher degradation rate, as a hydrolyzed fragment having a molecular weight below a certain length dissolves into the water. To systematically explore the critical contribution of molecular weights, the Langmuir system was used to observe the stereocomplexation effect and the overall degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeok Im
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Fine & Specialty Chemical Research Group, Korea Institute of Footwear & Leather Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea
| | - Vishal Gavande
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Yong Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Ulsan 44429, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ki Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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10
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Montero-Arevalo B, Seufert BI, Hossain MS, Bernardin E, Takshi A, Saddow SE, Schettini N. SiC Electrochemical Sensor Validation for Alzheimer Aβ 42 Antigen Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1262. [PMID: 37374847 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with only late-stage detection; thus, diagnosis is made when it is no longer possible to treat the disease, only its symptoms. Consequently, this often leads to caregivers who are the patient's relatives, which adversely impacts the workforce along with severely diminishing the quality of life for all involved. It is, therefore, highly desirable to develop a fast, effective and reliable sensor to enable early-stage detection in an attempt to reverse disease progression. This research validates the detection of amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) using a Silicon Carbide (SiC) electrode, a fact that is unprecedented in the literature. Aβ42 is considered a reliable biomarker for AD detection, as reported in previous studies. To validate the detection with a SiC-based electrochemical sensor, a gold (Au) electrode-based electrochemical sensor was used as a control. The same cleaning, functionalization and Aβ1-28 antibody immobilization steps were used on both electrodes. Sensor validation was carried out by means of Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) aiming to detect an 0.5 µg·mL-1 Aβ42 concentration in 0.1 M buffer solution as a proof of concept. A repeatable peak directly related to the presence of Aβ42 was observed, indicating that a fast SiC-based electrochemical sensor was constructed and may prove to be a useful approach for the early detection of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Montero-Arevalo
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
| | - Bianca I Seufert
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mohammad S Hossain
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Evans Bernardin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Arash Takshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Stephen E Saddow
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Norelli Schettini
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universidad del Norte, Barranquilla 081007, Colombia
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11
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Svyntkivska M, Makowski T, Shkyliuk I, Piorkowska E. Electrically conductive crystalline polylactide nonwovens obtained by electrospinning and modification with multiwall carbon nanotubes. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124730. [PMID: 37148928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide nonwovens were electrospun from solutions and then crystallized, one in the α-form, and another, S-PLA made of poly(l-lactide) and poly(d-lactide) 1:1 blend, in scPLA crystals with high melting temperature, close to 220 °C. To make the nonwovens electrically conductive, they were coated with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) by padding with an aqueous dispersion of MWCNT or dip-coating in this dispersion. The electrical conductivity evidenced the formation of the electrically conductive MWCNT network on the fiber surfaces. Depending on the coating method, the surface resistivity (Rs) of S-PLA nonwoven of 1.0 kΩ/sq. and 0.09 kΩ/sq. was reached. To study the effect of surface roughness, before the modification the nonwovens were etched with sodium hydroxide, which additionally made them hydrophilic. The effect of etching depended on the coating method and led to an increase or decrease of Rs, in the case of padding or dip-coating, respectively. All MWCNT-modified nonwovens, unetched and etched, were hydrophobic with water contact angles of 138-144°. Scanning electron microscopy corroborated the presence of MWCNT on the fiber surfaces. The impedance spectroscopy confirmed the dominant role of the network of MWCNT direct contacts on the electrical properties of MWCNT-modified nonwovens in a broad frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Svyntkivska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Makowski
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Inna Shkyliuk
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland; The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Banacha 12/16, Lodz 90-237, Poland
| | - Ewa Piorkowska
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Salehi S, Tavakoli M, Mirhaj M, Varshosaz J, Labbaf S, Karbasi S, Jafarpour F, Kazemi N, Salehi S, Mehrjoo M, Emami E. A 3D printed polylactic acid-Baghdadite nanocomposite scaffold coated with microporous chitosan-VEGF for bone regeneration applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120787. [PMID: 37059527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become an advanced approach for fabricating patient-specific scaffolds with complex geometric shapes to replace damaged or diseased tissue. Herein, polylactic acid (PLA)-Baghdadite (Bgh) scaffold were made through the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing method and subjected to alkaline treatment. Following fabrication, the scaffolds were coated with either chitosan (Cs)-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or lyophilized Cs-VEGF known as PLA-Bgh/Cs-VEGF and PLA-Bgh/L.(Cs-VEGF), respectively. Based on the results, it was found that the coated scaffolds had higher porosity, compressive strength and elastic modulus than PLA and PLA-Bgh samples. Also, the osteogenic differentiation potential of scaffolds following culture with rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) was evaluated through crystal violet and Alizarin-red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium content assays, osteocalcin measurements, and gene expression analysis. The release of VEGF from the coated scaffolds was assessed and also the angiogenic potential of scaffolds was evaluated. The sum of results presented in the current study strongly suggests that the PLA-Bgh/L.(Cs-VEGF) scaffold can be a proper candidate for bone healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Salehi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Tavakoli
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Marjan Mirhaj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Jaleh Varshosaz
- Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Sheyda Labbaf
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karbasi
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafise Kazemi
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Sepideh Salehi
- Department of Medicine, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Morteza Mehrjoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Iran National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eshagh Emami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Pastushok O, Kivijärvi L, Laakso E, Haukka M, Piili H, Repo E. Electrochemical properties of graphite/nylon electrodes additively manufactured by laser powder bed fusion. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Park SS, Lee YS, Lee SW, Repo E, Kim TH, Park Y, Hwang Y. Facile Surface Treatment of 3D-Printed PLA Filter for Enhanced Graphene Oxide Doping and Effective Removal of Cationic Dyes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020269. [PMID: 36679150 PMCID: PMC9866784 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The structured adsorption filter material is one of the ways to enhance the practical applicability of powdered adsorbents, which have limitations in the real water treatment process due to difficulty in the separation process. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was applied to prepare filter materials for water treatment processes. A 3D-printed graphene-oxide (GO)-based adsorbent is prepared on a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold. The surface of the PLA scaffold was modified by subjecting it to strong alkaline or organic solvent treatment to enhance GO doping for realizing effective adsorption of cationic dye solutions. When subjected to 95% acetone treatment, the structural properties of PLA changed, and particularly, two main hydrophilic functional groups (carboxylic acids and hydroxyls) were newly formed on the PLA through cleavage of the ester bond of the aliphatic polyester. Owing to these changes, the roughness of the PLA surface increased, and its tensile strength decreased. Meanwhile, its surface was doped mainly with GO, resulting in approximately 75% methylene blue (MB) adsorption on the 3D-printed GO-based PLA filter. Based on the established optimal pretreatment conditions, a kinetic MB sorption study and an isotherm study were conducted to evaluate the 3D-printed GO-based PLA filter. The pseudo-second-order model yielded the best fit, and the MB adsorption was better fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. These results suggested that chemical adsorption was the main driver of the reaction, and monolayer sorption occurred on the adsorbent surface. The results of this study highlight the importance of PLA surface modification in enhancing GO doping and achieving effective MB adsorption in aqueous solutions. Ultimately, this study highlights the potential of using 3D printing technology to fabricate the components required for implementing water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Sil Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Eveliina Repo
- Department of Separation Science, School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Park
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-2-970-6626 (Y.P. & Y.H.); Fax: +82-2-971-5776 (Y.P. & Y.H.)
| | - Yuhoon Hwang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.P.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +82-2-970-6626 (Y.P. & Y.H.); Fax: +82-2-971-5776 (Y.P. & Y.H.)
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15
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Crystallinity Dependence of PLLA Hydrophilic Modification during Alkali Hydrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010075. [PMID: 36616425 PMCID: PMC9823826 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) has been extensively used in tissue engineering, in which its surface hydrophilicity plays an important role. In this work, an efficient and green strategy has been developed to tailor surface hydrophilicity via alkali hydrolysis. On one hand, the ester bond in PLLA has been cleaved and generates carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, both of which are beneficial to the improvement of hydrophilicity. On the other hand, the degradation of PLLA increases the roughness on the film surface. The resultant surface wettability of PLLA exhibits crucial dependence on its crystallinity. In the specimen with high crystallinity, the local enrichment of terminal carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in amorphous regions accelerates the degradation of ester group, producing more hydrophilic groups and slit valleys on film surface. The enhanced contact between PLLA and water in aqueous solution (i.e., the Wenzel state) contributes to the synergistic effect between generated hydrophilic groups and surface roughness, facilitating further degradation. Consequently, the hydrophilicity has been improved significantly in the high crystalline case. On the contrary, the competition effect between them leads to the failure of this strategy in the case of low crystallinity.
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16
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Paxton NC, Woodruff MA. Measuring contact angles on hydrophilic porous scaffolds by implementing a novel raised platform approach: A technical note. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi C. Paxton
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Maria A. Woodruff
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) Brisbane QLD Australia
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17
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Gkantzou E, Skonta A, Vasios AG, Stamatis H. 3D Printed Polylactic Acid Well-Plate for Multi-enzyme Immobilization. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2487:163-175. [PMID: 35687235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2269-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is lately utilized in biological sciences under the scope to develop customized scaffolds that will host biomolecules, either whole cells or parts of them, like enzymes. In the present work, we present a protocol to modify the surface of 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) well-plates with the aim to co-immobilize multiple enzymes that will perform cascade reactions. Detailed steps to design and print the final models are described. The developed protocol for surface modification is based on coating with chitosan biopolymer and covalent immobilization of the enzymes β-glucosidase, glucose oxidase, and peroxidase via glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Enzymatic activity measurements indicative of the catalytic performance of the system are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gkantzou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Anastasia Skonta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andreas-Georgios Vasios
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralambos Stamatis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
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18
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Meng J, Boschetto F, Yagi S, Marin E, Adachi T, Chen X, Pezzotti G, Sakurai S, Sasaki S, Aoki T, Yamane H, Xu H. Enhancing the bioactivity of melt electrowritten PLLA scaffold by convenient, green, and effective hydrophilic surface modification. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2022; 135:112686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2022.112686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Ivanova NM, Filippova EO, Tverdokhlebov SI, Levkovich NV, Apel PY. Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Track-Etched Membranes Based on Polylactic Acid. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751621050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Swetha S, Balagangadharan K, Lavanya K, Selvamurugan N. Three-dimensional-poly(lactic acid) scaffolds coated with gelatin/magnesium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. Biotechnol J 2021; 16:e2100282. [PMID: 34424602 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of critical-sized bone defects has progressively evolved over the years from metallic implants to more ingenious three-dimensional-based scaffolds. The use of three-dimensional scaffolds for bone regeneration from biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is gaining popularity. Scaffolds with surface functionalization using gelatin (Gel) have the advantages of biocompatibility and cell adhesion. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp) is one of the most promising implant materials utilized in orthopaedics. The osteogenic potential of the nHAp can be improved by the substitution of magnesium (Mg) ions onto the crystal lattice of nHAp. Thus, the goal of this work was to make three-dimensional-PLA scaffolds covered with Gel/Mg-nHAp for osteogenic effect. METHODS AND RESULTS The designed three-dimensional-PLA/Gel/Mg-nHAp scaffolds were attributed to various characterizations for the examination of their physicochemical, mechanical properties, cyto-compatibility, and biodegradability as well as their ability to promote osteogenesis in vitro. Mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) were cytocompatible with these scaffolds. The osteogenic potential of three-dimensional-PLA/Gel/Mg-nHAp scaffolds employing mMSCs was validated at the cellular and molecular levels. The three-dimensional-PLA/Gel/Mg-nHAp scaffolds stimulated the differentiation of mMSCs towards osteoblastic lineage. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, we suggest that the three-dimensional-PLA/Gel/Mg-nHAp scaffolds' osteogenic capability may be advantageous in the mending of bone defects in orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampath Swetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalimuthu Balagangadharan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnaraj Lavanya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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21
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On the Post-Processing of 3D-Printed ABS Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13101559. [PMID: 34067991 PMCID: PMC8152243 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) has significantly increased in the past few years. AM also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing has been currently used in fabrication of prototypes and end-use products. Considering the new applications of additively manufactured components, it is necessary to study structural details of these parts. In the current study, influence of a post-processing on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts has been investigated. To this aim, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) material was used to produce test coupons based on the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. More in deep, a device was designed and fabricated to fix imperfection and provide smooth surfaces on the 3D-printed ABS specimens. Later, original and treated specimens were subjected to a series of tensile loads, three-point bending tests, and water absorption tests. The experimental tests indicated fracture load in untreated dog-bone shaped specimen was 2026.1 N which was decreased to 1951.7 N after surface treatment. Moreover, the performed surface treatment was lead and decrease in tensile strength from 29.37 MPa to 26.25 MPa. Comparison of the results confirmed effects of the surface modification on the fracture toughness of the examined semi-circular bending components. Moreover, a 3D laser microscope was used for visual investigation of the specimens. The documented results are beneficial for next designs and optimization of finishing processes.
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22
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Vallejos Baier R, Contreras Raggio JI, Toro Arancibia C, Bustamante M, Pérez L, Burda I, Aiyangar A, Vivanco JF. Structure-function assessment of 3D-printed porous scaffolds by a low-cost/open source fused filament fabrication printer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 123:111945. [PMID: 33812577 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing encompasses a plethora of techniques to manufacture structures from a computational model. Among them, fused filament fabrication (FFF) relies on heating thermoplastics to their fusion point and extruding the material through a nozzle in a controlled pattern. FFF is a suitable technique for tissue engineering, given that allows the fabrication of 3D-scaffolds, which are utilized for tissue regeneration purposes. The objective of this study is to assess a low-cost/open-source 3D printer (In-House), by manufacturing both solid and porous samples with relevant microarchitecture in the physiological range (100-500 μm pore size), using an equivalent commercial counterpart for comparison. For this, compressive tests in solid and porous scaffolds manufactured in both printers were performed, comparing the results with finite element analysis (FEA) models. Additionally, a microarchitectural analysis was done in samples from both printers, comparing the measurements of both pore size and porosity to their corresponding computer-aided design (CAD) models. Moreover, a preliminary biological assessment was performed using scaffolds from our In-House printer, measuring cell adhesion efficiency. Finally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) was performed to evaluate chemical changes in the material (polylactic acid) after fabrication in each printer. The results show that the In-House printer achieved generally better mechanical behavior and resolution capacity than its commercial counterpart, by comparing with their FEA and CAD models, respectively. Moreover, a preliminary biological assessment indicates the feasibility of the In-House printer to be used in tissue engineering applications. The results also show the influence of pore geometry on mechanical properties of 3D-scaffolds and demonstrate that properties such as the apparent elastic modulus (Eapp) can be controlled in 3D-printed scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Vallejos Baier
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
| | | | | | - Miguel Bustamante
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Luis Pérez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Iurii Burda
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Ameet Aiyangar
- Mechanical Systems Engineering, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, USA.
| | - Juan F Vivanco
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
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