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Salvekar AV, Nasir FHBA, Chen YH, Maiti S, Ranjan VD, Chen HM, Wang H, Huang WM. Rapid Volumetric Additive Manufacturing in Solid State: A Demonstration to Produce Water-Content-Dependent Cooling/Heating/Water-Responsive Shape Memory Hydrogels. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:125-131. [PMID: 38389693 PMCID: PMC10880647 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of rapid volumetric additive manufacturing in the solid state. This additive manufacturing technology is particularly useful in outer space missions (microgravity) and/or for harsh environment (e.g., on ships and vehicles during maneuvering, or on airplanes during flight). A special thermal gel is applied here to demonstrate the concept, that is, ultraviolet crosslinking in the solid state. The produced hydrogels are characterized and the water-content-dependent heating/cooling/water-responsive shape memory effect is revealed. Here, the shape memory feature is required to eliminate the deformation induced in the process of removing the uncrosslinked part from the crosslinked part in the last step of this additive manufacturing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Vijay Salvekar
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ya Hui Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sharanya Maiti
- Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivek Damodar Ranjan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Mei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Min Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Wickeler AL, McLellan K, Sun YC, Naguib HE. 4D printed origami-inspired accordion, Kresling and Yoshimura tubes. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT MATERIAL SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES 2023; 34:2379-2392. [PMID: 37970097 PMCID: PMC10638089 DOI: 10.1177/1045389x231181940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Applying tessellated origami patterns to the design of mechanical materials can enhance properties such as strength-to-weight ratio and impact absorption ability. Another advantage is the predictability of the deformation mechanics since origami materials typically deform through the folding and unfolding of their creases. This work focuses on creating 4D printed flexible tubular origami based on three different origami patterns: the accordion, the Kresling and the Yoshimura origami patterns, fabricated with a flexible polylactic acid (PLA) filament with heat-activated shape memory effect. The shape memory characteristics of the self-unfolding structures were then harnessed at 60°C, 75°C and 90°C. Due to differences in the folding patterns of each origami design, significant differences in behaviour were observed during shape programming and actuation. Among the three patterns, the accordion proved to be the most effective for actuation as the overall structure can be compressed following the folding crease lines. In comparison, the Kresling pattern exhibited cracking at crease locations during deformation, while the Yoshimura pattern buckled and did not fold as expected at the crease lines. To demonstrate a potential application, an accordion-patterned origami 4D printed tube for use in hand rehabilitation devices was designed and tested as a proof-of-concept prototype incorporating self-unfolding origami.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L Wickeler
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kyra McLellan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hani E. Naguib
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Ganeson K, Tan Xue May C, Abdullah AAA, Ramakrishna S, Vigneswari S. Advantages and Prospective Implications of Smart Materials in Tissue Engineering: Piezoelectric, Shape Memory, and Hydrogels. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2356. [PMID: 37765324 PMCID: PMC10535616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional biomaterial is frequently used in the biomedical sector for various therapies, imaging, treatment, and theranostic functions. However, their properties are fixed to meet certain applications. Smart materials respond in a controllable and reversible way, modifying some of their properties because of external stimuli. However, protein-based smart materials allow modular protein domains with different functionalities and responsive behaviours to be easily combined. Wherein, these "smart" behaviours can be tuned by amino acid identity and sequence. This review aims to give an insight into the design of smart materials, mainly protein-based piezoelectric materials, shape-memory materials, and hydrogels, as well as highlight the current progress and challenges of protein-based smart materials in tissue engineering. These materials have demonstrated outstanding regeneration of neural, skin, cartilage, bone, and cardiac tissues with great stimuli-responsive properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisheni Ganeson
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnolgy (ICAMB), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Cindy Tan Xue May
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
| | - Amirul Al Ashraf Abdullah
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Gelugor 11700, Penang, Malaysia
- Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Sevakumaran Vigneswari
- Institute of Climate Adaptation and Marine Biotechnolgy (ICAMB), Kuala Nerus 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia;
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Kim W, Kim YM, Song S, Kim E, Kim DG, Jung YC, Yu WR, Na W, Choi YS. Manufacture of antibacterial carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) using imine-based epoxy vitrimer for medical application. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16945. [PMID: 37332980 PMCID: PMC10272483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
An antibacterial carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was manufactured based on a vitrimer containing imine groups. A liquid curing agent was prepared to include an imine group in the matrix, and was synthesized without a simple mixing reaction and any purification process. The vitrimer used as the matrix for CFRP was prepared by reacting a commercial epoxy with a synthesized curing agent. The structural and thermal properties of the vitrimer were determined by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the temperature-dependent behavior of the vitrimer was characterized by stress relaxation, reshaping, and shape memory experiments. The mechanical properties of composites fabricated using vitrimer were fully analyzed by tensile, flexural, short-beam strength, and Izod impact tests and had mechanical properties similar to reference material. Moreover, both the vitrimer and the vitrimer composites showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coil due to the imine group inside the vitrimer. Therefore, vitrimer composites have potential for applications requiring antimicrobial properties, such as medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonbin Kim
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Kim
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - SeungHyeon Song
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Functional Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering Jeonbuk National University, Beakje-dearo 567, Deokjin-gu, 54896, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chae Jung
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Ryeol Yu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering and Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - WonJin Na
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Choi
- Composites Materials Application Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
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Liang H, Wei Y, Ji Y. Magnetic-responsive Covalent Adaptable Networks. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201177. [PMID: 36645376 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) are reprocessable polymers whose structural arrangement is based on the recombination of dynamic covalent bonds. Composite materials prepared by incorporating magnetic particles into CANs attract much attention due to their remote and precise control, fast response speed, high biological safety and strong penetration of magnetic stimuli. These properties often involve magnetothermal effect and direct magnetic-field guidance. Besides, some of them can also respond to light, electricity or pH values. Thus, they are favorable for soft actuators since various functions are achieved such as magnetic-assisted self-healing (heating or at ambient temperature), welding (on land or under water), shape-morphing, and so on. Although magnetic CANs just start to be studied in recent two years, their advances are promised to expand the practical applications in both cutting-edge academic and engineering fields. This review aims to summarize recent progress in magnetic-responsive CANs, including their design, synthesis and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, Center for Nanotechnology and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung-Yuan Christian University Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Optimizing mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the self-healable and recyclable biobased epoxy thermosets. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Tao Y, Liang X, Zhang J, Lei IM, Liu J. Polyurethane vitrimers: Chemistry, properties and applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Tao
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Xiangyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shenzhen China
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops and Center of Southern Economic Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Changsha China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
| | - Iek Man Lei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macau Macau China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
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Lee G, Song HY, Choi S, Kim CB, Hyun K, Ahn SK. Harnessing β-Hydroxyl Groups in Poly(β-Amino Esters) toward Robust and Fast Reprocessing Covalent Adaptable Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Yong Song
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Subi Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Hyun
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Environment and Energy, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-kyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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Room-Temperature Solid-State UV Cross-Linkable Vitrimer-like Polymers for Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112203. [PMID: 35683876 PMCID: PMC9182850 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a UV cross-linkable vitrimer-like polymer, ureidopyrimidinone functionalized telechelic polybutadiene, is reported. It is synthesized in two steps. First, 2(6-isocyanatohexylaminocarbonylamino)-6-methyl-4[1H]-pyrimidinone (UPy-NCO) reacts with hydroxy-functionalized polybutadiene (HTPB) to obtain UPy-HTPB-UPy, and then the resulted UPy-HTPB-UPy is cross-linked under 365 nm UV light (photo-initiator: bimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, DMPA). Further investigation reveals that the density of cross-linking and mechanical properties of the resulting polymers can be tailored via varying the amount of photo-initiator and UV exposure time. Before UV cross-linking, UPy-HTPB-UPy is found to be vitrimer-like due to the quadruple hydrogen-bonding interactions. The UPy groups at the end of the chain also enable for rapid solidification upon the evaporation of the solvent. The unsaturated double bonds in the HTPB chains enable UPy-HTPB-UPy to be UV cross-linkable in the solid state at room temperature. After cross-linking, the polymers have good shape memory effect (SME). Here, we demonstrate that this type of polymer can have many potential applications in additive manufacturing. In the cases of fused deposition modelling (FDM) and direct ink writing (DIW), not only the strength of the interlayer bonding but also the strength of the polymer itself can be enhanced via UV exposure (from thermoplastic to thermoset) either during printing or after printing. The SME after cross-linking further helps to achieve rapid volumetric additive manufacturing anytime and anywhere.
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Zeng Y, Li J, Liu S, Yang B. Rosin-Based Epoxy Vitrimers with Dynamic Boronic Ester Bonds. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3386. [PMID: 34641201 PMCID: PMC8512039 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosin is an abundantly available natural product. In this paper, for the first time, a rosin derivative is employed as the main monomer for preparation of epoxy vitrimers to improve the mechanical properties of vitrimers. Novel epoxy vitrimer networks with dynamic reversible covalent boronic ester bonds are constructed by a reaction between thiols in 2,2'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis (4-mercaptan-1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (BDB) as a curing agent and epoxy groups in the rosin derivative. The rosin-based epoxy vitrimer networks are fully characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), an equilibrium swelling experiment, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The obtained rosin-based epoxy vitrimers possess superior thermostability and good mechanical properties. Due to transesterification of boronic ester bonds, rosin epoxy vitrimer network topologies can be altered, giving welding, recycle, self-healing, and shape memory abilities to the fabricated polymer. Besides, the effects of treating time and temperature on welding capability is investigated, and it is found that the welding efficiency of the 20% C-FPAE sample is >93% after treatment for 12 h at 160 °C. Moreover, through a hot press, the pulverized samples of 20% C-FPAE can be reshaped several times and most mechanical properties are restored after reprocessing at 200 °C for 60 min. Finally, chemical degradation is researched for the rosin-based epoxy vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Zeng
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Material Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (J.L.); (S.L.); (B.Y.)
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