|
1
|
Fang Y, Wu J, Sun W, Liu X. Pyrolysis of Precious Chinese Xuan Paper Containing Ammonium Phytate as a Flame Retardant. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37971-37979. [PMID: 36312357 PMCID: PMC9608409 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Xuan paper with outstanding cultural and artistic values is one of the most precious Chinese handmade papers and is widely used in traditional calligraphy and painting. However, the highly combustible cellulosic raw materials of Xuan paper present potential fire hazards. Ammonium phytate (AP) originating from biosourced phytic acid has been used for the flame-retardant treatment of Chinese Xuan paper by facile spray coating. The limiting oxygen index value of the treated Xuan paper increased to higher than 40%, demonstrating that the flammability of Xuan paper was greatly reduced by this treatment. The excellent flame retardancy afforded by this treatment was confirmed by cone calorimetry. TGA was used to demonstrate that the presence of AP changed the thermal decomposition process to promote char formation during the degradation of Xuan paper. The flame-retardant mode of action of phytate-coated Xuan paper was investigated using TG-FTIR, SEM, and XPS spectra. A P-N cooperative effect was proposed to account for both the condensed phase and gas-phase flame-retardant actions. The phosphorus component promotes char formation in the condensed phase, while the nitrogen component releases inert species to dilute the fuel load in the gas phase. The ink-wetting property of the coated Xuan paper was influenced negligibly by the coating process. The development of fire-resistant Xuan paper using ecofriendly flame retardants through simple and convenient spray coating has been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Fang
- School
of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic
University, Wuhu241000, China
- Technology
Public Service Platform for Textile Industry of Anhui Province, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- School
of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic
University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Weihao Sun
- School
of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic
University, Wuhu241000, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- School
of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic
University, Wuhu241000, China
- Technology
Public Service Platform for Textile Industry of Anhui Province, Wuhu241000, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Wang J, Song T, Chen H, Ming W, Cheng Z, Liu J, Liang B, Wang Y, Wang G. Bioinspired High-Strength Montmorillonite-Alginate Hybrid Film: The Effect of Different Divalent Metal Cation Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122433. [PMID: 35746010 PMCID: PMC9229400 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural nacre has a regular ordered layered structure of calcium carbonate tablets and ion crosslinking proteins stacked alternately, showing outstanding mechanical properties. Inspired by nacre, we fabricated different divalent metal cation-crosslinked montmorillonite-alginate hybrid films (MMT-ALG-X2+; X2+ = Cu2+, Cd2+, Ba2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Co2+ or Mn2+). The effect of ionic crosslinking strength and hydrogen bond interaction on the mechanical properties of the nacre-mimetics was studied. With the cations affinities with ALG being increased (Mn2+ < Co2+ = Ni2+ < Ca2+ < Ba2+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+), the tensile strength of nacre-mimetics showed two opposite influence trends: Weak ionic crosslinking (Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Ca2+) can synergize with hydrogen bonds to greatly increase the tensile properties of the sample; Strong ionic crosslinking (Ba2+, Cd2+, Cu2+) and hydrogen bonding form a competitive relationship, resulting in a rapid decrease in mechanical properties. Mn2+ crosslinking generates optimal strength of 288.0 ± 15.2 MPa with an ultimate strain of 5.35 ± 0.6%, obviously superior to natural nacre (135 MPa and 2%). These excellent mechanical properties arise from the optimum synergy of ion crosslinking and interfacial hydrogen bonds between crosslinked ALG and MMT nanosheets. In addition, these metal ion-crosslinked composite films show different colors, high visible transparency, and excellent UV shielding properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Wang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.M.); (Z.C.)
| | - Tianliang Song
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.M.); (Z.C.)
| | - Huaxiang Chen
- Petrochemical Research Institute, PetroChina, Beijing 102200, China;
| | - Wei Ming
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.M.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zhiming Cheng
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.M.); (Z.C.)
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (G.W.)
| | - Benliang Liang
- School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China; (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.M.); (Z.C.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (Y.W.)
| | - Guangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (J.L.); (G.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Zhang S, Chu F, Xu Z, Zhou Y, Qiu Y, Qian L, Hu Y, Wang B, Hu W. The improvement of fire safety performance of flexible polyurethane foam by Highly-efficient P-N-S elemental hybrid synergistic flame retardant. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:768-783. [PMID: 34419816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Herein, three different phosphorus-containing compounds (methyl phosphoryl dichloride, phenyl phosphoryl dichloride and phenyl dichlorophosphate) were reacted with 2-aminobenzothiazole respectively, and a series of synergistic flame retardants with phosphorus, nitrogen and sulfur elements were synthesized, named MPBT, PPBT and POBT respectively. Then, they were added to prepare flame-retardant flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF). Through the analysis of thermal stability, pyrolysis, heat release and smoke release behavior, the influence of different phosphorus-containing structures on the flame-retardant performance of FPUF was studied, and their flame-retardant mechanism was explored in detail. Among them, MPBT had the highest flame retardant efficiency with the same addition amount (10 wt%). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of PU/10.0% MPBT reached 22.5 %, and it successfully passed the vertical burning test. Subsequently, the addition amount of MPBT was increased and the best comprehensive performance of flame-retardant FPUF was explored. The results showed that the LOI value of PU/15.0% MPBT was increased to 23.5%. As for PU/15.0% MPBT, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) was 453 KW/m2, which was reduced by 46.64 %; and the flame retardancy index (FRI) value was also increased to 6.88. At the same time, the mechanical properties of flame-retardant FPUF were studied. The tensile strength of PU/15.0% MPBT reached 170 KPa, and the permanent deformation of FPUF/10% MPBT was only 4 %, showing its excellent resilience. The above results show that this phosphorus-containing element hybrid synergistic flame retardant (MPBT) has a very good application prospect in the field of flame-retardant polymer materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fukai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhoumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China, Engineering Laboratory of Non-halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| |
Collapse
|