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Žemgulytė J, Sadauskas M, Ragulis P, Trusovas R, Ratautas K, Simniškis R, Kancleris Ž, Račiukaitis G. Effects of different manufacturing techniques on the performance of planar antennas. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22510. [PMID: 38110591 PMCID: PMC10728079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates antenna performance based on its manufacturing process. Two types of planar antennas are manufactured on FR-4 dielectric using three different techniques: traditional lithography, laser ablation, and the novel SSAIL (selective surface activation by laser) technique. Various characteristics, such as reflection coefficient, gain, half-power beamwidth, and surface conductivity, are measured to compare the results. These findings offer invaluable insights for choosing the most suitable antenna manufacturing technique, particularly since the SSAIL technique has not been previously compared to alternative methods in the context of antenna production. In both types of antennas, the highest gain is achieved using laser ablation, with the slot-loaded patch antenna reaching 8.5 dBi and the Yagi-Uda antenna reaching 9.76 dBi. Antennas manufactured using SSAIL technology are notable for their excellent resolution and usefulness in constructing structures on non-metallized dielectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Žemgulytė
- Department of Physical Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Modestas Sadauskas
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Paulius Ragulis
- Department of Physical Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Romualdas Trusovas
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karolis Ratautas
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rimantas Simniškis
- Department of Physical Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Žilvinas Kancleris
- Department of Physical Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Račiukaitis
- Department of Laser Technologies, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Sauletekio Ave. 3, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Moskal D, Martan J, Honner M. Scanning Strategies in Laser Surface Texturing: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1241. [PMID: 37374826 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Laser surface texturing (LST) is one of the most promising technologies for controllable surface structuring and the acquisition of specific physical surface properties needed in functional surfaces. The quality and processing rate of the laser surface texturing strongly depend on the correct choice of a scanning strategy. In this paper, a comparative review of the classical and recently developed scanning strategies of laser surface texturing is presented. The main attention is paid to maximal processing rate, precision and existing physical limitations. Possible ways of further development of the laser scanning strategies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Moskal
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Martan
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100 Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Honner
- New Technologies Research Centre (NTC), University of West Bohemia, Univerzitni 8, 30100 Plzeň, Czech Republic
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Seiler M, Knauft A, Gruben JJ, Frank S, Barz A, Bliedtner J, Lasagni AF. Modification of Polymeric Surfaces with Ultrashort Laser Pulses for the Selective Deposition of Homogeneous Metallic Conductive Layers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6572. [PMID: 36233913 PMCID: PMC9573057 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the demand for highly integrated and lightweight components has been rising sharply, especially in plastics processing. One strategy for weight-saving solutions is the development of conductive tracks and layouts directly on the polymer housing parts in order to be able to dispense with the system integration of additional printed circuit boards (PCB). This can be conducted very advantageously and flexibly with laser-based processes for functionalizing polymer surfaces. In this work, a three-step laser-based process for subsequent selective metallization is presented. Conventional injection molded components without special additives serve as the initial substrate. The Laser-Based Selective Activation (LSA) uses picosecond laser pulses to activate the plastic surface to subsequently deposit palladium. The focus is on determining the amount of deposited palladium in correlation to the laser and scan parameters. For the first time, the dependence of the metallization result on the accumulated laser fluence (Facc) is described. The treated polymer parts are characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as a contact-type profilometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seiler
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Knauft
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jann Jelto Gruben
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Samson Frank
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Barz
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Bliedtner
- Fachbereich SciTec, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrés Fabián Lasagni
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoff und Strahltechnik IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
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Kuo CC, He ZY, Lee CX. Development of a Three-Dimensional Optical Verification Technology without Environmental Pollution for Metal Components with Different Surface Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6139. [PMID: 36079520 PMCID: PMC9458177 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the optical measuring approach is widely used in the precision machining industry due to high measurement efficiency. In the industry, measuring devices play a crucial role in the field of quality assurance. In practical engineering, the green measurement approach indeed plays an important role in the industry currently. In this study, a state-of-the-art green technique for three-dimensional (3D) optical measurements without environmental pollution is demonstrated, which is an environmentally friendly optical measurement method. This method can perform precise optical measurement without matte coatings. This work dealt with the possibility of measuring four metal components that were not sprayed with anything. The differences in the optical measurement results between with and without matte coatings were investigated and analyzed. It was found that the research result has practical value in the precision machining industry because average size errors of the four measurement objects with different surface properties can be controlled at about 3 µm, 0.1 µm, 0.5 µm, and 9 µm. A technical database with industrial value was established for optical measurements of metal components with different surface properties without matte coatings, which can serve as an alternative to the conventional 3D optical measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chil-Chyuan Kuo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
- Research Center for Intelligent Medical Devices, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yan He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, No. 84, Gungjuan Road, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
| | - Chil-Xian Lee
- Road Ahead Technologies Consultant Corporation, No.88, Sec. 1, Guangfu Rd., Sanchong Dist., New Taipei City 241, Taiwan
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An Environmentally-Friendly Three-Dimensional Computer-Aided Verification Technique for Plastic Parts. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14152996. [PMID: 35893960 PMCID: PMC9330585 DOI: 10.3390/polym14152996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic components play a significant role in conserving and saving energy. Plastic products provide some advantages over metal, including reducing part weight, manufacturing costs, and waste, and increasing corrosion resistance. Environmental sustainability is one of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Currently, the non-contact computer-aided verification method is frequently employed in the plastic industry due to its high measurement efficiency compared with the conventional contact measuring method. In this study, we proposed an innovative, green three-dimensional (3D) optical inspection technology, which can perform precise 3D optical inspection without spraying anything on the component surface. We carried out the feasibility experiments using two plastic parts with complex geometric shapes under eight different proposed measurement strategies that can be adjusted according to the software interface. We studied and analyzed the differences in 3D optical inspection for building an empirical technical database. Our aim in this study is to propose a technical database for 3D optical measurements of an object without spraying anything to the component’s surface. We found that the research results fulfilled the requirements of the SDGs. Our research results have industrial applicability and practical value because the dimensional average error of the two plastic parts has been controlled at approximately 3 µm and 4.7 µm.
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Laser-assisted surface activation for fabrication of flexible non-enzymatic Cu-based sensors. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:259. [PMID: 35704127 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and effective technique has been develped for the fabrication of sensor-active copper-based materials on the surface of such flexible polymers as terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, and polyimide using the method of laser surface modification. For this purpose, we optimized the polymer surface activation parameters using laser sources with a picosecond pulse duration for subsequent selective metallization within the activated region. Furthermore, the fabricated copper structures were modified with gold nanostructures and by electrochemical passivation to produce copper-gold and oxide-containing copper species, respectively. As a result, in comparison with pure copper electrodes, these composite materials exhibit much better electrocatalytic performance concerning the non-enzymatic identification of biologically important disease markers such as glucose, hydrogen peroxide, and dopamine.
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Khairullina EM, Panov MS, Andriianov VS, Ratautas K, Tumkin II, Račiukaitis G. High rate fabrication of copper and copper-gold electrodes by laser-induced selective electroless plating for enzyme-free glucose sensing. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19521-19530. [PMID: 35479213 PMCID: PMC9033606 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01565f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the current study, the method of Selective Surface Activation Induced by Laser (SSAIL) was used for the fabrication of metallic and bimetallic structures based on copper and gold on the surface of glass and glass-ceramics. It was shown that the fabricated electrodes are suitable for non-enzymatic detection of biologically essential analytes such as glucose. The implemented approach allows performing high-rate metallization of various dielectrics. Voltammetric methods were applied to evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of the obtained structures, which were used as working electrodes. The most promising results were revealed by copper–gold electrode structures manufactured on glass-ceramics. For these structures, sensitivity towards glucose sensing was 3060 μA mM−1 cm−2. The linear range of glucose detection varied between 0.3 and 1000 μM. Besides, the manufactured electrodes exhibited high selectivity and long-term stability. In the current study, the method of Selective Surface Activation Induced by Laser (SSAIL) was used for the fabrication of metallic and bimetallic structures based on copper and gold on the surface of glass and glass-ceramics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia M Khairullina
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Maxim S Panov
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Vladimir S Andriianov
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Karolis Ratautas
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology 231 Savanoriu ave. Vilnius 02300 Lithuania
| | - Ilya I Tumkin
- Saint Petersburg State University 7/9 Universitetskaya nab. St. Petersburg 199034 Russia
| | - Gediminas Račiukaitis
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology 231 Savanoriu ave. Vilnius 02300 Lithuania
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