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Grob B, Simonis M, Liska R, Catel Y. Ethyl-2-(tosylmethyl)acrylate: A promising chain transfer agent for the development of low-shrinkage dental composites. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1013-1021. [PMID: 37734972 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the potential of ethyl-2-(tosylmethyl)acrylate (ASEE) as chain transfer agent for the development of low-shrinkage photopolymerizable dental composites. METHODS Composites containing 10, 20 and 30 mol% of ASEE in their organic matrix were formulated. Camphorquinone (CQ)/ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDAB) (0.33 wt%/0.60 wt%), CQ/EDAB/Ivocerin® (0.33 wt%/0.60 wt%/0.10, 0.25 or 0.50 wt%), CQ/EDAB/SpeedCure 938 (SC-938) (0.33 wt%/0.60 wt%/0.30, 0.50 or 1.00 wt%) and Ivocerin® (0.50 wt%) were used as photoinitiator systems. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crosslink density were determined by DMTA measurements. The flexural strength/modulus and ambient light working time were assessed according to ISO 4049. The shrinkage force was evaluated using a universal testing machine. The double bond conversion (DBC) was determined by NIR spectroscopy. DBC, flexural strength and modulus were measured after the storage of the specimens in deionized water at 37 °C for 24 h. The DBC, flexural strength and modulus data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with p = 0.05 as significance level. RESULTS ASEE-based composites containing the classical initiator system CQ/EDAB exhibited low mechanical properties (flexural strength/modulus) and DBC. The screening of various photoinitiator systems showed that composites based on CQ/EDAB/Ivocerin® (0.33 wt%/0.60 wt%/0.50 wt%), Ivocerin® (0.50 wt%) or CQ/EDAB/SC-938 (0.33 wt%/0.60 wt%/1.00 wt%) were particularly attractive. Indeed, the use of these photoinitiator systems enabled the formulation of composites containing up to 30 mol% ASEE exhibiting excellent mechanical properties, high DBC, good network homogeneity and low shrinkage force values. Interestingly, the addition of SC-938 did not impair the ambient light working time of the uncured composites, whereas the incorporation of 0.50 wt% Ivocerin® resulted in a strong decrease of this value. SIGNIFICANCE The addition of the allyl sulfone ASEE in combination with the initiator system CQ/EDAB/SC-938 (0.33 wt%/ 0.60 wt%/ 1.00 wt%) is a promising strategy to develop low-shrinkage dental composites which exhibit excellent mechanical properties, low shrinkage force, high DBC and suitable ambient light working time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Grob
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Michael Simonis
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yohann Catel
- Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Liechtenstein.
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Bauer J, Crook C, Baldacchini T. A sinterless, low-temperature route to 3D print nanoscale optical-grade glass. Science 2023; 380:960-966. [PMID: 37262172 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing of silica glass is dominated by techniques that rely on traditional particle sintering. At the nanoscale, this limits their adoption within microsystem technology, which prevents technological breakthroughs. We introduce the sinterless, two-photon polymerization 3D printing of free-form fused silica nanostructures from a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) resin. Contrary to particle-loaded sacrificial binders, our POSS resin itself constitutes a continuous silicon-oxygen molecular network that forms transparent fused silica at only 650°C. This temperature is 500°C lower than the sintering temperatures for fusing discrete silica particles to a continuum, which brings silica 3D printing below the melting points of essential microsystem materials. Simultaneously, we achieve a fourfold resolution enhancement, which enables visible light nanophotonics. By demonstrating excellent optical quality, mechanical resilience, ease of processing, and coverable size scale, our material sets a benchmark for micro- and nano-3D printing of inorganic solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bauer
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 94550, USA
| | - C Crook
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 94550, USA
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Zhou J, Tang L. Synthesis and Structure of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate-Capped Isophorone Diisocyanate and Poly(Propylene Glycol) Urethane Mixtures and the Properties of their UV-Cured Co-Networks with Isobornyl Methacrylate. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8586. [PMID: 36500080 PMCID: PMC9737471 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane acrylate prepolymers with different contents of HIPIH and HIH were synthesized via reacting excessive isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and then end-capping with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA). After the addition of the photoinitiator PI 1173, the resulting prepolymer resins were irradiated by UV light to form cured materials. The structures of the prepolymers were confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. SEM analyses proved that no obvious phase separation was observed within the cured sample. As the content of HIH increased, the viscosity of the prepolymers increased slightly. In addition, the gel content, solvent resistance, Shore hardness, Young's modulus, and the tensile strength of the cured films increased, whereas the elongation at break decreased gradually. The volume shrinkage of the cured samples ranged between 4.5% and 4.8%. DMA analyses showed that the Tgs of the cured samples increased as more HIH structures existed. TGA analyses revealed that the cured samples had high thermal stability. This solvent-free fabrication process was simple, convenient, and controllable. By simply regulating the contents of HIPIH and HIH in the prepolymers, the performances of the cured materials could be adjusted to a wide range.
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Evaluation of allyl sulfides bearing methacrylate groups as addition-fragmentation chain transfer agents for low shrinkage dental composites. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mozelewska K, Czech Z, Bartkowiak M, Nowak M, Bednarczyk P, Niezgoda P, Kabatc J, Skotnicka A. Preparation and Characterization of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Crosslinked with UV Radiation-Influence of Monomer Composition on Adhesive Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:246. [PMID: 35009393 PMCID: PMC8745841 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, syntheses of acrylate copolymers were performed based on the monomers butyl acrylate (BA), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), and acrylic acid (AA) and the second-type unsaturated photoinitiator 4-acryloyloxybenzophenone (ABP). The structure of the obtained copolymers was confirmed via FT-IR spectroscopic analysis, and the viscosity and the content of non-volatile substances were determined. The adhesive films were then coated and cross-linked using ultraviolet radiation in the UV-C range at various doses (5-50 mJ/cm2). Due to the dependence of the self-adhesive properties of the adhesive layer on the basis weight, various basis weights of the layer in the range of 30-120 g/m2 were tested. Finally, the self-adhesive properties were assessed: tack, peel adhesion, shear strength (cohesion) at 20 °C and 70 °C, as well as the SAFT test and shrinkage. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the type of monomer used, the dose of ultraviolet radiation, and the basis weight on the self-adhesive and usable properties of the obtained self-adhesive tapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mozelewska
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.C.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.C.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Marcin Bartkowiak
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.C.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Małgorzata Nowak
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.C.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Paulina Bednarczyk
- Department of Chemical Organic Technology and Polymeric Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastow Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (Z.C.); (M.B.); (M.N.); (P.B.)
| | - Piotr Niezgoda
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, Piastów Ave. 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Janina Kabatc
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Skotnicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.K.); (A.S.)
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Gomes de Araújo-Neto V, Sebold M, Fernandes de Castro E, Feitosa VP, Giannini M. Evaluation of physico-mechanical properties and filler particles characterization of conventional, bulk-fill, and bioactive resin-based composites. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 115:104288. [PMID: 33383377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated physical and mechanical properties and characterized the filler particles of seven composites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Filtek Supreme (FS, 3M Oral Care), Forma (FO, Ultradent), Charisma Diamond (CD, Kulzer), Spectra Smart (SS, Dentsply), Filtek Bulk Fill (FB, 3M Oral Care), Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TB, Ivoclar), and Cention N (Ivoclar) in self- (CNSC) or dual-curing (CNDC) were evaluated. Fillers size, shape, and content were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDX). Disk-shaped specimens (n = 5) were prepared for sorption (SP) and solubility (SL). Flexural strength and elastic modulus were tested at 24 h and 12 months (n = 10). Degree of conversion (DC%) and maximum rate of polymerization (Rpmax) were evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. SP and SL results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA and Dunn's pairwise test (α = 0.05). Mechanical properties were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). DC% of CNSC and CNDC was compared by independent t-test (α = 0.05). Rpmax results were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The composites differed regarding filler size, shape, and content. CD and CNSC showed lower SP than FS. SS had lower SL than CNSC and CNDC. CNDC presented higher DC% than CNSC. CD, TB, and CNDC showed the highest Rpmax. TB, CNSC, and CNDC showed the lowest 24-h flexural strengths. Mechanical properties of CD did not decrease, while FO, TB, and CNSC showed a significant reduction after storage. CONCLUSIONS Monomer composition and fillers characteristics greatly influenced the physico-mechanical properties of the tested composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliano Gomes de Araújo-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental Materials Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maicon Sebold
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Fernandes de Castro
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Victor Pinheiro Feitosa
- School of Dentistry, Faculty Paulo Picanço, Rua Joaquim Sá, 900, Dionísio Torres, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Giannini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Operative Dentistry Division, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Avenida Limeira, 901, Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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