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Swielam EM, Hussien ZM, Hasanin MS. Design, characterizations, and antimicrobial activity of sustainable home furnishing-based waste fabric treated using biobased nanocomposite. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:75. [PMID: 39052166 PMCID: PMC11272763 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Clothing and textile industries are major contributors to environmental pollution including textile manufacturing through garment production, spinning, weaving, and dyeing. In this context, the sustainability textile industry is a big challenge and contributes to serving a large segment of society. Also, textile wastes could be used as a raw material for added-value products. Herein, in this study, recycling of residues fabric was treated with antimicrobial nanocomposite to reach the best use of exhausts and obtain multifunction products of aesthetic via the technical design of the waste raw materials. Besides, solving the unemployment problem by opening fields for small industry projects capable of producing high-value textile artifacts, especially when treated against microbes, can be applied to home furnishings. The waste fabric was treated via green synthesis nanocomposite based on chitosan and in situ prepared ZnONPs and cross-linked with tannic acid. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using physicochemical analysis including attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the nanocomposite and treated fabric topographical behavior were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attachment with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and images were processed to evaluate the roughness structure. Additionally, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were performed to ensure the size and stability of the nanocomposite. The obtained results affirmed the green synthesis of nanocomposite with a size around 130 nm, as well as the doped ZnONPs average size of 26 nm and treated waste fabric, performed a promising attraction between nanocomposite and fabric fibers. Moreover, the antimicrobial study observed excellent activity of nanocomposite against bacteria and unicellular fungi as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Swielam
- Clothing and Knitting Industrial Research Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Zeinab M Hussien
- Ready Made Garments Division, Industrial Arts Department, Faculty of Education, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department. Chemical Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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2
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Sanjrani MA, Gang X, Mirza SNA. A review on textile solid waste management: Disposal and recycling. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024:734242X241257093. [PMID: 39044443 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x241257093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to global population growth and living standards improvements, textile production and consumption are increased. Textile solid waste has become challenging issue for waste management authority. It is reported that textile materials are discarded daily, representing approximately 1.5% of the generated waste around the world. Over the past few decades, special attention has been given to the used clothes in all regions globally, which can reduce energy costs by 80% and also represent a source of raw materials economically profitable and environmentally responsible. This review article attempted to address different topics including: source of solid textile waste, environmental impact of textile waste as a result of massive consumption of clothing, textile waste management processes such as recycling, reuse of textile waste, landfill and incineration and energy recovery from textile waste. Narrative review with collection of recent quantitative information was carried to reflect the status of textile solid waste. In this article, the possibilities of bio-ethanol production from textile waste as valuable cellulosic raw material are investigated and presented. Results show that developing countries lack of systematic waste management. On another side of the globe, some countries are trying to recover energy these days by incineration. The heat and power that recovered from this process can be used instead of other energy sources. Throughout the incineration process, flue gases (CO2, H2O, O2, N2) are generated so it should be properly designed to avoid pollution. During energy recovery, different pre-treatment methods and different enzymatic hydrolysis parameters are recommended to be implied for better results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmed Sanjrani
- Songjiang Campus, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
- HANDS-Institute of Development Studies, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Xue Gang
- Songjiang Campus, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Burgada F, Arrieta MP, Borrell B, Fenollar O. Development of Eco-Efficient Composite from Textile Waste with Polyamide Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2061. [PMID: 39065378 PMCID: PMC11280886 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present work is to evaluate and characterize the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of wastes coming from the textile industry, mainly composed of cotton and polyester. These wastes will be thereafter implemented in commodity plastic such as polyamide, in order to develop new formulations of environmentally friendly materials. The composites were produced by extrusion and injection-molded processes in amounts between 15 wt.% and 60 wt.% of textile waste. With the objective of improving the properties of the materials, silanes were used as a compatibilizer between the textile fibers and the polymeric matrix. The effect of the compatibilizer in the composites was studied together with the effect of the amount of textile fiber added to the composites. Mechanical, thermal, morphological and wettability properties were analyzed for each composite. The results show that the use of silanes improves the interaction especially in those composites with a higher amount of textile waste, offering a balanced mechanical behavior with significantly high quantities. On the other hand, the melting temperature does not vary significantly with the introduction of silanes and textile waste content, although the incorporation of textile waste slightly reduces up to 23% the degradation temperature of the resulting composites. The wettability of the composites is also increased up to 16% with the incorporation of textile waste. Finally, the appearance of the composites with textile waste is strongly influenced by the incorporation of the reinforcement, offering shades close to dark brown in the whole range of compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Burgada
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Carretera de Banyeres, 10, 03802 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Marina P. Arrieta
- Grupo de Investigación Polímeros, Caracterización y Aplicaciones (POLCA), 28006 Madrid, Spain;
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Industrial y del Medio Ambiente, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSII-UPM), C/José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Borrell
- Textile Research Institute (AITEX), Carretera de Banyeres, 10, 03802 Alcoy, Spain; (F.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Octavio Fenollar
- University Research Institute of Materials Technology (ITM), Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Plaza Ferrándiz y Carbonell 1, 03801 Alcoy, Spain
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Alves DI, Carvalho Ó, Fernandes NA, Cosentino LT, Paula Junior AC, Fangueiro R, Ferreira DP. Upcycling of industrial footwear waste into nonwoven fibrous structures with thermal and acoustic insulation properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121363. [PMID: 38850911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The footwear industry significantly impacts the environment, from raw material extraction to waste disposal. Transforming waste into new products is a viable option to mitigate the environmental consequences, reducing the reliance on virgin raw materials. This work aims to develop thermal and acoustic insulation materials using polyester waste from footwear industry. Two nonwoven and two compressed nonwoven structures, comprising 80% polyester waste and 20% commercial recycled polyester (matrix), were produced. The materials were created through needle-punching and compression molding techniques. The study included the production of sandwich and monolayer nonwoven structures, which were evaluated considering area weight, thickness, air permeability, mechanical properties, morphology using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and thermal and acoustic properties. The nonwoven samples presented high tensile strength (893 kPa and 629 kPa) and the highest strain (79.7% and 73.3%) and compressed nonwoven structures showed higher tensile strength (2700 kPa and 1291 kPa) but reduced strain (25.8% and 40.8%). Nonwoven samples showed thermal conductivity of 0.041 W/K.m and 0.037 W/K.m. Compressed nonwoven samples had higher values at 0.060 W/K.m and 0.070 W/K.m. While the sample with the highest conductivity exceeds typical insulation levels, other samples are suitable for thermal insulation. Nonwoven structures exhibited good absorption coefficients (0.640-0.644), suitable for acoustic insulation. Compressed nonwoven structures had lower values (0.291-0.536), unsuitable for this purpose. In summary, this study underscores the potential of 100% recycled polyester structures derived from footwear and textile industry waste, showcasing remarkable acoustic and thermal insulation properties ideal for the construction sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Alves
- Textile Science and Technology Centre (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Atc Fernandes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Livia Tavares Cosentino
- ISISE, ARISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adilson C Paula Junior
- ISISE, ARISE, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Raul Fangueiro
- Textile Science and Technology Centre (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana P Ferreira
- Textile Science and Technology Centre (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Jasińska A, Walaszczyk A, Paraszkiewicz K. Omics-Based Approaches in Research on Textile Dye Microbial Decolorization. Molecules 2024; 29:2771. [PMID: 38930836 PMCID: PMC11206425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of the textile industry has negative effects on the natural environment. Cotton cultivation, dyeing fabrics, washing, and finishing require a lot of water and energy and use many chemicals. One of the most dangerous pollutants generated by the textile industry is dyes. Most of them are characterized by a complex chemical structure and an unfavorable impact on the environment. Especially azo dyes, whose decomposition by bacteria may lead to the formation of carcinogenic aromatic amines and raise a lot of concern. Using the metabolic potential of microorganisms that biodegrade dyes seems to be a promising solution for their elimination from contaminated environments. The development of omics sciences such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics has allowed for a comprehensive approach to the processes occurring in cells. Especially multi-omics, which combines data from different biomolecular levels, providing an integrative understanding of the whole biodegradation process. Thanks to this, it is possible to elucidate the molecular basis of the mechanisms of dye biodegradation and to develop effective methods of bioremediation of dye-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jasińska
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Walaszczyk
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Paraszkiewicz
- Department of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland;
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6
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Zhang S, Xu W, Du R, Yan L, Liu X, Xu S, Wang YZ. Internal water circulation mediated synergistic co-hydrolysis of PET/cotton textile blends in gamma-valerolactone. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4498. [PMID: 38802467 PMCID: PMC11130221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48937-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recycling strategies for mixed plastics and textile blends currently aim for recycling only one of the components. Here, we demonstrate a water coupling strategy to co-hydrolyze polyester/cotton textile blends into polymer monomers and platform chemicals in gamma-valerolactone. The blends display a proclivity for achieving an augmented 5-hydroxymethylfurfural yield relative to the degradation of cotton alone. Controlled experiments and preliminary mechanistic studies underscore that the primary driver behind this heightened conversion rate lies in the internal water circulation. The swelling and dissolving effect of gamma-valerolactone on polyester enables a fast hydrolysis of polyester at much lower concentration of acid than the one in the traditional hydrolysis methods, effectively mitigating the excessive degradation of cotton-derived product and undesirable product formation. In addition, the system is also applicable to different kinds of blends and PET mixed plastics. This strategy develops an attractive path for managing end-of-life textiles in a sustainable and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongcheng Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shimei Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Manivannan R, Prabakaran K, Kim H, Han M, Son YA. Optimizing cyanine dye properties for enhanced dyeing and inkjet printing on diverse Substrates: Photophysical and colorimetric investigations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 313:124145. [PMID: 38484643 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Cyanine-based cationic dyes with different substituents in the donor unit were easily synthesized using readily available starting materials. The prepared dye molecules were spectroscopically characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and HR-Mass, and their thermal stability was measured by TGA, DSC, and XRD. Based on the TGA and DSC measurements, it was concluded that all the dyes are thermally stable up to 200 °C. Also, powder XRD was studied for all dyes to identify the explicit crystallinity and morphological nature of the dyes. A dye dispersion solution was prepared for the proper dyeing of modacrylic fabric and the dyed fabric showed good color strength K/S for dyes R1, R2, and R6 and fragile color strength for R3, R4,and R5. These dyes are also used for printing on substrates like paper and fabric using ink-jet printing. These dyes were also used for transferability printing applications on various fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Manivannan
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Kaliyan Prabakaran
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Hyunseo Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Han
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea
| | - Young-A Son
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-764, South Korea.
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8
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Kallawar GA, Bhanvase BA. A review on existing and emerging approaches for textile wastewater treatments: challenges and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1748-1789. [PMID: 38055170 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the complex environment of textile wastewater treatment technologies, highlighting both well-established and emerging techniques. Textile wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge, containing diverse contaminants and chemicals. The review presents a detailed examination of conventional treatments such as coagulation, flocculation, and biological processes, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations. In textile industry, various textile operations such as sizing, de-sizing, dyeing, bleaching, and mercerization consume large quantities of water generating effluent high in color, chemical oxygen demand, and solids. The dyes, mordants, and variety of other chemicals used in textile processing lead to effluent variable in characteristics. Furthermore, it explores innovative and emerging techniques, including advanced oxidation processes, membrane filtration, and nanotechnology-based solutions. Future perspectives in textile wastewater treatment are discussed in-depth, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary research, technological advancements, and the integration of circular economy principles. Numerous dyes used in the textile industry have been shown to have mutagenic, cytotoxic, and ecotoxic potential in studies. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the methods used to remediate textile waste water. Major topics including the chemical composition of textile waste water, the chemistry of the dye molecules, the selection of a treatment technique, the benefits and drawbacks of the various treatment options, and the cost of operation are also addressed. Overall, this review offers a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working in the textile industry, pointing towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri A Kallawar
- Department of Chemical Technology, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Marathwada University, Chatrapati Sambhajinagar, 431004, MS, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Innovation Technological University (Formerly Laxminarayan Institute of Technology), Nagpur, 440033, MS, India
| | - Bharat A Bhanvase
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laxminarayan Innovation Technological University (Formerly Laxminarayan Institute of Technology), Nagpur, 440033, MS, India.
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9
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Tomasko J, Parizek O, Pulkrabova J. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in T-shirts and socks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122065. [PMID: 37330183 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs and MCCPs) are complex mixtures of persistent compounds used mainly as plastic additives. They can have a negative impact on human health as they are suspected of disrupting the endocrine system and being carcinogenic, which is why monitoring their presence in the human environment is desirable. Clothing was selected for this study because they are produced in large quantities worldwide and the final products are worn for long periods throughout the day, in direct contact with human skin. The concentrations of CPs in this type of sample have not been sufficiently reported. We determined SCCPs and MCCPs in 28 samples of T-shirts and socks by gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry in negative chemical ionisation mode (GC-NCI-HRMS). CPs were found above the limits of quantification in all samples, with concentrations ranging from 33.9 to 5940 ng/g (mean 1260 ng/g, median 417 ng/g). The samples with a substantial proportion of synthetic fibres contained higher CP concentrations (22 times higher mean for SCCPs and 7 times higher mean for MCCPs) than garments composed exclusively of cotton. Finally, the effect of washing in the washing machine was investigated. The individual samples behaved differently: (i) excessively emitting CPs; (ii) being contaminated; (iii) retaining the original CP levels. The CP profiles also changed for some samples (with a substantial proportion of synthetic fibres and samples composed exclusively of cotton).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Tomasko
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Parizek
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pulkrabova
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Dejvice, Czech Republic.
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Fan W, Hui P, Tu W, Li Y, Xu H, Zhou G, Zhang K, Liu W, Jiang Q. A sustainable and low pollutive strategy for the recycling of waste hot-gas filter bags: The development of filter reinforced epoxy composites. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 168:63-73. [PMID: 37276635 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast accumulation of waste hot-gas filter bags has become a growing public concern considering its difficulty in degradation, severe pollution elicited by landfill and incineration, high energy consumption during burning or complicated recycling and low margin of regenerative products. Herein, we provide a new feasible recycling strategy by directly employing the cleaned polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) /polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) waste filters in their fabric state as the reinforcement of epoxy composites. Merely two layers of filters could produce composites with flexural strength and modulus sufficient for many applications and the additional carbon fiber fabric (CFF) covering could further strengthen the composites (295 to 1010 % increments). The filters also showed a bonding promotion function between CFF and polymethacrylimide foam in lightweight composites. After hydrothermal treatment, the composites reinforced by the recycled filters displayed 97.2 % and 90.9 % retention rate for flexural strength and modulus, respectively. Compared to the pure epoxy, the composites could achieve a limiting oxygen index of 27.6 %, and display 24 % decline in thermal energy release and 20.0 to 31.0 % reduction in the generation rate of combustion products, indicating strengthened flame-retardancy. With shortened processes and elevated properties of composites, the approach established for recycling waste filters in this work showed far-reaching implications in carbon emission reduction, environmental pollution diminishing and commercialization potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Fan
- Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pengxian Hui
- Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wenjuan Tu
- Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Anhui Yuanchen Environmental Protection Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Guanchen Zhou
- Anhui Yuanchen Environmental Protection Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wanshuang Liu
- Center for Civil Aviation Composites, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Qiuran Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China; Department of Technical Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, P.R. China.
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11
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Vinitha V, Preeyanghaa M, Anbarasu M, Neppolian B, Sivamurugan V. Chemical recycling of polyester textile wastes using silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles: an economical solution for circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27567-0. [PMID: 37217818 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The waste management of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-derived polyester (PES) textile is a global issue, and material recovery through chemical recycling can restore a circular economy. In our investigation, microwave-induced catalytic aminolysis and glycolysis of PES textile wastes using Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been proposed. Ag-doped ZnO is prepared by the sol-gel method and characterised by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, SEM-EDX and TEM. The reaction parameters such as PET-to-catalyst ratio, microwave power and irradiation time, temperature and catalyst recycling have been optimised. The catalyst was found to be more stable and could be recycled up to six times without losing its activity. Both the aminolysis and glycolysis of PES showed 100% conversion and afforded of bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA) and bis (2-hydroxy ethylene) terephthalate (BHET), respectively. The depolymerisation of PES wastes using Ag-doped ZnO afforded BHETA and BHET for about 95 and 90%, respectively. The monomers BHET and BHETA confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopy. According to the findings, 2 mol% Ag-doped ZnO has higher catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Vinitha
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, 600 030, India
| | - Mani Preeyanghaa
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Murugan Anbarasu
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, 600 030, India
| | - Bernaurdshaw Neppolian
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Vajiravelu Sivamurugan
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, 600 030, India.
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Singhal S, Agarwal S, Singhal N. Chemical recycling of waste clothes: a smarter approach to sustainable development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:54448-54469. [PMID: 36973625 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26438-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Amount of fabric waste has increased many folds in the past few years due to increasing population and rapidly changing fashiosn trends. Its larger portion being dumped in the landfills is creating a lot of problem in its management. This is causing problems to environmental components of earth, viz., air, water, and land. Chemically, cotton-based fabrics are made up of mainly cellulose with small components of other chemicals and contribute to a big segment of overall textiles. Along with donating the cloths for various purposes, scientific solutions are also feasible for valorizing waste fabrics to value-added products. This review article focuses on important strategies for addressing fabric waste for their possible conversion to significant products of varied applications. It emphasizes on chemical routes suitable for this purpose for producing cellulose, sugar, composites, etc. This will provide an insight to the readers for understanding the chemical significance of waste fabric and exploring the best possible ways for its efficient management, ensuring a step ahead towards sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailey Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, Cluster of Applied Science, School of Engineering, UPES, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India
| | - Shilpi Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Cluster of Applied Science, School of Engineering, UPES, Energy Acres Building, Bidholi, Uttarakhand, 248007, Dehradun, India.
| | - Naveen Singhal
- Department of Chemistry, DIT University, Dehradun, 248009, Uttarakhand, India
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Dong C, Hu Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Jia X, Chen J, Li J. Fabrication of Textile Waste Fibers Aerogels with Excellent Oil/Organic Solvent Adsorption and Thermal Properties. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100684. [PMID: 36286185 PMCID: PMC9601950 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of textile waste has attracted more and more attention around the world. The reuse of textile waste can contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions and the sustainable development of the economy. Herein, we proposed a facile and cost-effective approach to fabricating aerogel by using textile waste fibers as the matrix and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents. After being modified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) via chemical vapor deposition, both the interior and exterior of the textile waste aerogels exhibit a hydrophobic property with a water contact angle of up to 136.9° ± 2.3°. A comprehensive investigation of the structure, thermal properties, mechanical properties and oil absorption capacity of this aerogel shows its potential for building insulation and oil spill cleanup. The textile waste fibers aerogels have low density and high porosity, good thermal stability and outstanding heat insulation properties (Kavg. = 0.049–0.061 W/m·K). With a maximum oil absorption value of 26.9 ± 0.6 g/g and rapid and effective oil/water mixture separation, the aerogel exhibits competitive commercial application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Dong
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Yangzhao Hu
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhu
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Xuerui Jia
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
| | - Jianbing Chen
- Research Centre for Non-Metallic Materials, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3200, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3200, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (J.L.)
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14
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Zebec Ž, Poberžnik M, Lobnik A. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Textile and Cardboard Waste as a Glucose Source for the Production of Limonene in Escherichia coli. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1423. [PMID: 36143460 PMCID: PMC9500893 DOI: 10.3390/life12091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose containing textiles (cotton) and cardboard/carton waste represent a large reservoir of untapped organic carbon. These wastes have enormous potential for use as carbon feedstock in industrial biotechnological processes. Essentially, cotton/cardboard (CC) waste is pure cellulose (with some additives) in the form of polymerised glucose consisting of β-(1→4)-linked D-glucose subunits. One of the largest and most diverse classes of natural chemicals that can be produced from glucose are terpenes with a wide range of applications as flavours, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, biopesticides, and biofuels. Here we have investigated the bioconversion of CC waste into the exemplary terpene limonene as a proof of concept. Six different CC waste streams were enzymatically hydrolysed and used to produce limonene using the Escherichia coli (E. coli) microbial cell factory. The D-glucose content in the CC hydrolysate (glucose juice) was determined and then metabolised by E. coli via a manipulated heterogeneous biolipid synthesis pathway (the mevalonate pathway) to produce limonene. This study represents an important proof of concept for the production of terpenes from hydrolysed CC waste streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Zebec
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | | | - Aleksandra Lobnik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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15
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Amicarelli V, Bux C, Spinelli MP, Lagioia G. Life cycle assessment to tackle the take-make-waste paradigm in the textiles production. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 151:10-27. [PMID: 35921744 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Under the environmental perspective, textiles represent the fourth highest pressure commodity worldwide. In Europe, it is estimated that over 95 Mt of textile waste are generated along the entire supply chain, with still high percentages of textiles addressed to landfill or incineration. The present research, through a systematic literature review on textiles production and consumption, investigates their environmental concerns assessed through the application of the life cycle assessment. Considering the importance of identifying the products' life cycle hotspots on which actions are needed to reduce the overall impact, the manuscript focuses on the environmental performance related to the cradle-to-grave phases of textile products differentiated by type, composition, and intended use. It results that the production and use phases are those responsible for the greatest share of negative impacts, while the end-of-life generally has a small contribution. Distribution and consumption phases are less investigated, and considering the emerging consumption patterns (e.g., sharing and renting platforms), it seems essential to collect data. Circular practices can bring benefits under the environmental perspective, but in-depth studies are still required to estimate the shift of impacts from one phase of the life cycle to another. Overall, there is a paucity of studies comparing the use of different fibers, ownership models, manufacturing and disposal processes for the same functional unit, or data that would be necessary for low-impact design. The topic is still under-researched among academics and practitioners of the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Amicarelli
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Christian Bux
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Spinelli
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lagioia
- Department of Economics, Management and Business Law, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Largo Abbazia Santa Scolastica, 70124 Bari, Italy
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16
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A Study on Preparation and Property Evaluations of Composites Consisting of TPU/Triclosan Membranes and Tencel ®/LMPET Nonwoven Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122514. [PMID: 35746090 PMCID: PMC9228673 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated eco-friendly antibacterial medical protective clothing via the nonwoven process and characteristic evaluations. Firstly, Tencel® fibers and low melting point polyester (LMPET) fibers (re-sliced and granulated from recycled PET bottles) were mixed at different ratios and then needle punched at diverse needle rolling depths. The influences of manufacturing parameters on the Tencel®/LMPET nonwoven fabrics were examined in terms of mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate, and stiffness. Next, Tencel®/LMPET nonwoven fabrics were combined with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Triclosan antibacterial membranes that contained different contents of triclosan using melt processing technology. The resulting Tencel®/LMPET/TPU/Triclosan composites were characterized via different measurements; an optimal bursting strength of 86.86 N, an optimal horizontal tensile strength of 41.90 N, and an optimal stiffness along the MD and CD of 8.60 cm were recorded. Furthermore, the Tencel®/LMPET/TPU/Triclosan composites exhibited a distinct inhibition zone in the antibacterial measurement, and the hydrostatic pressure met the requirements of the EN 14126:2003 and GB 19082-200 disposable medical protective gear test standards.
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17
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Physical and Mechanical Characterization of a Functionalized Cotton Fabric with Nanocomposite Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxymethyl Chitosan Using Green Chemistry. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cotton is the most widely used natural fiber for textiles but its innate capacity to absorb moisture, retain oxygen, and high specific surface area make it more prone to microbial contamination, becoming an appropriate medium for the growth of bacteria and fungi. In recent years, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in textile products has been widely used due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low toxicity towards mammalian cells. The aim of the current study is to synthesize and characterize a nanocomposite based on silver nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan (AgNPs-CMC), which was utilized to provide a functional finish to cotton fabric. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) to produce a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) image showed that the nanocomposite presents AgNPs with a 5–20 nm size. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of silver nanoparticles. The concentration of silver in the functionalized fabric was evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), which reported an average concentration of 13.5 mg of silver per kg of functionalized fabric. SEM showed that silver nanoparticles present a uniform distribution on the surface of the functionalized cotton fabric fibers. On the other hand, by infrared spectroscopy, it was observed that the functionalized fabric variation (compared to control) had a displaced peak of intensity at 1594.32 cm−1, corresponding to carboxylate anions. Similarly, Raman spectroscopy showed an intense peak at 1592.84 cm−1, which corresponds to the primary amino group of carboxymethyl chitosan, and a peak at 1371.5 cm−1 corresponding to the carboxylic anions. Finally, the physical and mechanical tests of tensile strength and color index of the functional fabric reported that it was no different (p ˃ 0.05) than the control fabric. Our results demonstrate that we have obtained an improved functionalized cotton fabric using green chemistry that does not alter intrinsic properties of the fabric and has the potential to be utilized in the manufacturing of hospital garments.
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18
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Arif ZU, Khalid MY, Ahmed W, Arshad H, Ullah S. Recycling of the glass/carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites: A step towards the circular economy. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.2015781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zia Ullah Arif
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khalid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Arshad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sibghat Ullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Management & Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Pakistan
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19
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Concept for the Use of Cotton Waste Hydrolysates in Fermentation Media for Biofuel Production. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15082856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, most cotton textile waste is sent to landfill. However, due to the use of synthetic additives and the chemical treatment of cotton fibers, cotton textile waste is difficult to biodegrade. Cotton textile waste can also be subjected to material recycling, or to incineration/gasification to produce energy. Here, we present the optimization of acid hydrolysis of cotton yarn fibers for glucose efficiency. The cotton yarn hydrolysates showed great potential for replacing simple sugar solutions in fermentation media. The highest glucose concentration was obtained in the hydrolysates of cotton yarn hydrolyzed in a 2% solution of sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid at 140–160 °C for 2 h. After 2 h of hydrolysis at 140 °C with 2% H3PO4, the concentration of glucose in the cotton yarn hydrolysate (13.19 g/L) increased fivefold compared with cotton yarn treated under the same conditions with H2SO4 (2.65 g/L). The structural modifications in the solid residues after acid hydrolysis were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), and Raman spectroscopy. The SEM images, IR spectra, and Raman spectra revealed that the most significant changes in the morphology of the fibers occurred when the process was carried out at high temperatures (≥140 °C). Better growth of the yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ethanol Red and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Tokay ŁOCK0204 was observed in the medium containing phosphoric acid hydrolysate. The maximum methane yield of 278 dm3/kgVS and the maximum hydrogen yield of 42 dm/kgVS were reported for cotton yarn waste after pretreatment with H3PO4. This might have been linked to the beneficial effect of phosphorus, which is a key nutrient for anaerobic digestion. The proposed hydrolysis method does not generate fermentation inhibitors.
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20
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Assessment of the Eco-Efficiency of the Circular Economy in the Recovery of Cellulose from the Shredding of Textile Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071317. [PMID: 35406193 PMCID: PMC9002361 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing demand for the adoption of cyclical processes in the fashion industry. The trends point to the reuse of cellulose from cotton fibres, obtained from industrial waste, as a substitute to the former linear processes of manufacturing, sale, use, and discarding. This study sets up to explore and assess the economic and environmental gains from the mechanical shredding of cellulose in cotton fabrics in a textile company, identifying the circularity associated with the adoption of such methods. The study resorted to a case study methodology building on interviews and observation. For the environmental estimations, the study employed the material intensity factor tool, and for the economic evaluation the study uses the return on investment. The study also offers an estimation of the circularity of the processes that were implemented. The adoption of the mechanical shredding for cotton cellulose generated economic gains of US$11,798,662.98 and a reduction in the environmental impact that amounts to 31,335,767,040.26 kg including the following different compartments: biotic, abiotic, water, air, and erosion. The findings suggest the existence of opportunities for the circular economy in the textile sector of about 99.69%, dissociated to the use of mechanical recycling, while limited by the consumption of electrical energy and lubricants in the recycling process, leading the way to a circular economy.
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21
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Mohamed SH, Hossain MS, Kassim MHM, Balakrishnan V, Habila MA, Zulkharnain A, Zulkifli M, Yahaya ANA. Biosorption of Cr(VI) Using Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated from the Waterless Pulping of Waste Cotton Cloths with Supercritical CO 2: Isothermal, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:887. [PMID: 35267710 PMCID: PMC8912417 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was utilized as a waterless pulping for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from waste cotton cloths (WCCs). The isolation of CNCs from the scCO2-treated WCCs' fiber was carried out using sulphuric acid hydrolysis. The morphological and physicochemical properties analyses showed that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs had a rod-like structure, porous surface, were crystalline, and had a length of 100.03 ± 1.15 nm and a width of 7.92 ± 0.53 nm. Moreover, CNCs isolated from WCCs had a large specific surface area and a negative surface area with uniform nano-size particles. The CNCs isolated from WCCs were utilized as an adsorbent for the hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal from aqueous solution with varying parameters, such as treatment time, adsorbent doses, pH, and temperature. It was found that the CNCs isolated from the WCCs were a bio-sorbent for the Cr(VI) removal. The maximum Cr(VI) removal was determined to be 96.97% at pH 2, 1.5 g/L of adsorbent doses, the temperature of 60 °C, and the treatment time of 30 min. The adsorption behavior of CNCs for Cr(VI) removal was determined using isothermal, kinetics, and thermodynamics properties analyses. The findings of the present study revealed that CNCs isolated from the WCCs could be utilized as a bio-sorbent for Cr(VI) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Mohamed
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.)
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia; (S.H.M.); (M.H.M.K.)
| | | | - Venugopal Balakrishnan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Mohamed A. Habila
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azham Zulkharnain
- Department of Bioscience and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, College of Systems Engineering and Science, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan;
| | - Muzafar Zulkifli
- Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
- Institute of Chemical and Bio-Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian, Alor Gajah, Melaka 78000, Malaysia;
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22
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Patti A, Acierno D. Towards the Sustainability of the Plastic Industry through Biopolymers: Properties and Potential Applications to the Textiles World. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:692. [PMID: 35215604 PMCID: PMC8878127 DOI: 10.3390/polym14040692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide an overview of the latest research studies on the use of biopolymers in various textile processes, from spinning processes to dyeing and finishing treatment, proposed as a possible solution to reduce the environmental impact of the textile industry. Recently, awareness of various polluting aspects of textile production, based on petroleum derivatives, has grown significantly. Environmental issues resulting from greenhouse gas emissions, and waste accumulation in nature and landfills, have pushed research activities toward more sustainable, low-impact alternatives. Polymers derived from renewable resources and/or with biodegradable characteristics were investigated as follows: (i) as constituent materials in yarn production, in view of their superior ability to be decomposed compared with common synthetic petroleum-derived plastics, positive antibacterial activities, good breathability, and mechanical properties; (ii) in textile finishing to act as biological catalysts; (iii) to impart specific functional properties to treated textiles; (iv) in 3D printing technologies on fabric surfaces to replace traditionally more pollutive dye-based and inkjet printing; and (v) in the implants for the treatment of dye-contaminated water. Finally, current projects led by well-known companies on the development of new materials for the textile market are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Patti
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture (DICAr), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Acierno
- CRdC Nuove Tecnologie per le Attività Produttive Scarl, Via Nuova Agnano 11, 80125 Naples, Italy
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23
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Duman Ş, Küçük M. Production and characterization of keratin microparticles obtained from wool fibers by cryogenic milling method. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2022.2028321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şeyma Duman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Merve Küçük
- Particulate Materials Laboratories (PML), Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Opálková Šišková A, Pleva P, Hrůza J, Frajová J, Sedlaříková J, Peer P, Kleinová A, Janalíková M. Reuse of Textile Waste to Production of the Fibrous Antibacterial Membrane with Filtration Potential. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:50. [PMID: 35010000 PMCID: PMC8746662 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wasted synthetic fabrics are a type of textile waste source; the reuse of them brings environmental protection and turns waste into a valuable material. In this work, the used nylon (polyamide) stockings were transmuted into a fine fibrous membrane via an electrospinning process. In addition, the safety antibacterial agent, monoacylglycerol (MAG), was incorporated into a recycled fibrous membrane. The results revealed that the neat, recycled polyamide (rPA) fibers with a hydrophobic surface could be converted into hydrophilic fibers by blending various amounts of MAG with rPA solution prior to electrospinning. The filtration efficiency and air/water vapor permeability of the two types of produced membranes, neat rPA, and rPA/MAG, were tested. Their filtration efficiency (E100) was more than 92% and 96%, respectively. The membranes were classified according to Standard EN1822, and therefore, the membranes rPA and rPA/MAG were assigned to the classes E10 and E11, respectively. The air permeability was not affected by the addition of MAG, and water vapor permeability was slightly enhanced. Based on the obtained data, prepared rPA/MAG fibrous membranes can be evaluated as antifouling against both tested bacterial strains and antimicrobial against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Opálková Šišková
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Pavel Pleva
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Jakub Hrůza
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaroslava Frajová
- Faculty of Arts and Architecture, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 460 01 Liberec, Czech Republic;
| | - Jana Sedlaříková
- Department of Fat, Surfactant and Cosmetics Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic;
| | - Petra Peer
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (M.J.)
| | - Angela Kleinová
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Magda Janalíková
- Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; (P.P.); (M.J.)
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25
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Microencapsulation for Functional Textile Coatings with Emphasis on Biodegradability—A Systematic Review. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11111371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The review provides an overview of research findings on microencapsulation for functional textile coatings. Methods for the preparation of microcapsules in textiles include in situ and interfacial polymerization, simple and complex coacervation, molecular inclusion and solvent evaporation from emulsions. Binders play a crucial role in coating formulations. Acrylic and polyurethane binders are commonly used in textile finishing, while organic acids and catalysts can be used for chemical grafting as crosslinkers between microcapsules and cotton fibres. Most of the conventional coating processes can be used for microcapsule-containing coatings, provided that the properties of the microcapsules are appropriate. There are standardised test methods available to evaluate the characteristics and washfastness of coated textiles. Among the functional textiles, the field of environmentally friendly biodegradable textiles with microcapsules is still at an early stage of development. So far, some physicochemical and physical microencapsulation methods using natural polymers or biodegradable synthetic polymers have been applied to produce environmentally friendly antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or fragranced textiles. Standardised test methods for evaluating the biodegradability of textile materials are available. The stability of biodegradable microcapsules and the durability of coatings during the use and care of textiles still present several challenges that offer many opportunities for further research.
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26
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Syrén F, Andersson Drugge G, Peterson J, Kadi N. Enhanced Knittability of Paper Yarn from the Swedish Forest by Using Textile Finishing Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213628. [PMID: 34771184 PMCID: PMC8587305 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Friction between Swedish paper yarn and needles is a limiting factor that—together with the low yarn flexibility—is hindering the knitting and use of paper yarn as a sustainable textile material. To enhance the knittability, paper yarn was coated with textile finishing materials. The effect of six different textile finishing materials used for textiles processing (three different silicone-based, wax, glycerol, and soap) was evaluated. The treatment evaluation was done by determination of the friction coefficient, tensile testing, and knitting. The friction coefficient was determined by an adaption from the ASTM D3108-07 Standard Test Method for Coefficient of Friction, Yarn to Solid Material. The adaption meant using a specially designed rig, making it possible to simulate the yarn/needle friction during the knitting process and use a tensile testing machine to determine the friction coefficient. Through using the same angle for yarn movement during the knitting process in this adaptation, the effect of the flexibility of paper on the friction coefficient is integrated. Tensile testing was performed using a Tensolab 2512A/2512C electromechanical tensile tester, and knitting tests were performed using a Stoll CMS 822 HP knit and wear flat knitting machine with the E5.2 gauge. The results show that knittability is better for the yarns with lower coefficients of friction and can also be enhanced by spraying with regular water. The tensile properties of the yarn is degraded by the treatments. The wax- and soap-treated yarns were most challenging to knit. The silicone-based and glycerol-treated yarns showed enhanced knittability, where the glycerol treatment results in more protruding fibers compared to the other treatments. All treatments reduced the roughness in the feel of the knit. The results indicate that the Swedish paper yarn can be a future sustainable complement to polyester and cotton.
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Fuentes Molina N, Fragozo Brito Y, Polo Benavides JM. Recycling of Residual Polymers Reinforced with Natural Fibers as a Sustainable Alternative: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213612. [PMID: 34771169 PMCID: PMC8587329 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest advances in green alternatives are being addressed with bio-based solutions, with uses and applications in new areas due to their wide potential, low cost, lightness, renewability, biodegradability, impact toughness, fatigue resistance, and other specific properties. Natural fibers are sustainable materials that have led researchers to test their viability as alternative reinforcements in residual polymers to meet required engineering specifications; therefore, it is essential to continue making progress in replacing conventional materials. This review is expected to provide an overview of the current scopes and future prospects of biocomposites from polymers reinforced with natural fibers with a focus on the following: i. recycling of residual polymers; ii. available natural fibers and their components in the context of engineering applications; iii. the behavior of the structural modifications of the natural fibers with the physical and chemical treatments in the matrix interaction as reinforcements of the residual polymers; and iv. applications for the development of innovative, efficient, and sustainable solutions for successful, environmentally responsible products.
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Recycling of Nonwoven Polyethylene Terephthalate Textile into Thermal and Acoustic Insulation for More Sustainable Buildings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183090. [PMID: 34577991 PMCID: PMC8467680 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction and building sector is responsible for a large share of energy and material used during the life cycle of a building. It is therefore crucial to apply a circular economy model within the process wherever possible to minimize the impact on the environment. In this paper, the possibility of producing thermal and acoustic boards from industrial nonwoven waste textile is studied and presented. The nonwoven polyester textile obtained directly from the production line in the form of strips and bales was first shredded into smaller fractions and then in the form of pile compressed with a hot press to form compact thermal insulation boards. The first set of specimens was prepared only from waste polyester nonwoven textile, whereas the second set was treated with sodium silicate in order to check the material’s reaction to fire performance. The experimental work was conducted to define the acoustic properties, reaction to fire behavior and thermal conductivity of the produced specimens. The obtained results show that the thermal conductivity coefficient of specimens without added water glass dissolution is near to the values of conventional materials used as thermal insulation in buildings. The reaction to fire testing proved that the addition of water glass actually propagates the progressive flame over the entire product. It can be concluded that the presented thermal insulation can be used as an adequate and sustainable solution for building construction purposes.
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Serra A, Serra-Parareda F, Vilaseca F, Delgado-Aguilar M, Espinach FX, Tarrés Q. Exploring the Potential of Cotton Industry Byproducts in the Plastic Composite Sector: Macro and Micromechanics Study of the Flexural Modulus. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174787. [PMID: 34500877 PMCID: PMC8432489 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The textile sector produces yearly great quantities of cotton byproducts, and the major part is either incinerated or landfilled, resulting in serious environmental risks. The use of such byproducts in the composite sector presents an attractive opportunity to valorize the residue, reduce its environmental impact, and decrease the pressure on natural and synthetic resources. In this work, composite materials based on polypropylene and dyed cotton byproducts from the textile industry were manufactured. The competitiveness of the resulting composites was evaluated from the analyses, at macro and micro scales, of the flexural modulus. It was observed that the presence of dyes in cotton fibers, also a byproduct from the production of denim items, notably favored the dispersion of the phases in comparison with other cellulose-rich fibers. Further, the presence of a coupling agent, in this case, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene, enhanced the interfacial adhesion of the composite. As a result, the flexural modulus of the composite at 50 wt.% of cotton fibers enhanced by 272% the modulus of the matrix. From the micromechanics analysis, using the Hirsch model, the intrinsic flexural modulus of cotton fibers was set at 20.9 GPa. Other relevant micromechanics factors were studied to evaluate the contribution and efficiency of the fibers to the flexural modulus of the composite. Overall, the work sheds light on the potential of cotton industry byproducts to contribute to a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Serra
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.S.); (F.S.-P.); (M.D.-A.); (F.X.E.)
| | - Ferran Serra-Parareda
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.S.); (F.S.-P.); (M.D.-A.); (F.X.E.)
| | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Advanced Biomaterials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.S.); (F.S.-P.); (M.D.-A.); (F.X.E.)
| | - Francesc X. Espinach
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.S.); (F.S.-P.); (M.D.-A.); (F.X.E.)
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain; (A.S.); (F.S.-P.); (M.D.-A.); (F.X.E.)
- Chair on Sustainable Industrial Processes, University of Girona, Maria Aurèlia Capmany 61, 17003 Girona, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Understanding Perceived Value and Purchase Intention toward Eco-Friendly Athleisure Apparel: Insights from U.S. Millennials. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13147946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the recent trend of the athleisure lifestyle in the U.S., this study sought to examine female millennial consumers’ value perceptions for purchasing recycled polyester-made athleisure apparel. Using an inductive approach with grounded theory, the perceived green value (PGV) framework was applied to guide data collection through the in-depth interviews and data analysis. The findings of the study provide theoretical insights and sustainable solutions for the industry and academia. Five main values identified include functional value, social value, emotional value, conditional value, and epistemic value. Within these perceived values, 13 sub-themes emerged. Female millennials consider price and performance key deciding factors for purchasing recycled polyester-made athleisure apparel. However, this is contingent upon products being fashionable, comfortable, and versatile for numerous occasions. The perceived social value reaffirms that peers and family can strongly influence purchasing decisions. Female millennials are more likely to purchase from well-known sustainable companies whose products are aligned with their beliefs and are exempted from false advertising. Companies need to empower consumers with the necessary product information and environmental knowledge. Epistemic value relies on consumers being educated and aware of sustainable products and their benefits.
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Rotational Rheology of Wood Flour Composites Based on Recycled Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142226. [PMID: 34300984 PMCID: PMC8309237 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we study the effect of the addition of wood flour as a filler in a recycled polyethylene (r-PE) in view of its potential applications in 3D printing. The composites, prepared by melt mixing, are characterized with torque measurements performed during the compounding, dynamic rotational rheology, and infrared spectroscopy. Data show that the introduction of wood results in increased viscosity and in sensible viscous heating during the compounding. The r-PE appear to be stable at temperatures up to 180 °C while at higher temperatures the material shows a rheological response characterized by time-increasing viscoelastic moduli that suggests a thermal degradation governed by crosslinking reactions. The compounds (with wood loading up to 50% in wt.) also shows thermal stability at temperatures up to 180 °C. The viscoelastic behavior and the infrared spectra of the r-PE matrix suggests the presence of branches in the macromolecular structure due to the process. Although the addition of wood particles determines increased viscoelastic moduli, a solid-like viscoelastic response is not shown even for the highest wood concentrations. This behavior, due to a poor compatibility and weak interfacial adhesion between the two phases, is however promising in view of common processing technologies as extrusion or injection molding.
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Bogiatzidis C, Zoumpoulakis L. Thermoset Polymer Matrix Composites of Epoxy, Unsaturated Polyester, and Novolac Resin Embedding Construction and Demolition Wastes powder: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:737. [PMID: 33673641 PMCID: PMC7957823 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Composite materials that consisted of a polymer resin as matrix (PMCs), filled using construction and demolition (C&D) wastes powder of different grain sizing in micro-scale were manufactured and studied. Three different kinds of resins were used as the matrix for the purposes of this study. More specifically, composites made of epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins purchased from the market and phenolic resin (novolac) laboratory synthesized, were produced. The morphological and elemental analysis of these materials was performed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Additionally, mechanical performance and thermal insulating efficiency of these materials were examined through bending and shear strength tests according to the three-point method and via determination of the thermal conductivity coefficient λ. C&D wastes have undergone the appropriate processing in order to prepare filling products of the required granular size in pulverized form. In this research study, construction and demolition waste-based thermosetting polymer composites were produced with flexural strength in the range 20-60 MPa, shear strength in between 1-8 MPa, and thermal conductivity coefficients in the range of 0.27-1.20 W/ m K. The developed materials embedded 30-50% w/w C&D wastes, depending on the resin used as the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Bogiatzidis
- Laboratory Unit of Advanced and Composite Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9-Heroon Polytechniou str., Zografou Campus, 15773 Athens, Greece;
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