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Arora K, Sherilraj PM, Abutwaibe KA, Dhruw B, Mudavath SL. Exploring glycans as vital biological macromolecules: A comprehensive review of advancements in biomedical frontiers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131511. [PMID: 38615867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the intricate landscape of glycans and glycoconjugates, unraveling their multifaceted roles across diverse biological dimensions. From influencing fundamental cellular processes such as signaling, recognition, and adhesion to exerting profound effects at the molecular and genetic levels, these complex carbohydrate structures emerge as linchpins in cellular functions and interactions. The structural diversity of glycoconjugates, which can be specifically classified into glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans, underscores their importance in shaping the architecture of cells. Beyond their structural roles, these molecules also play key functions in facilitating cellular communication and modulating recognition mechanisms. Further, glycans and glycoconjugates prove invaluable as biomarkers in disease diagnostics, particularly in cancer, where aberrant glycosylation patterns offer critical diagnostic cues. Furthermore, the review explores their promising therapeutic applications, ranging from the development of glycan-based nanomaterials for precise drug delivery to innovative interventions in cancer treatment. This review endeavors to comprehensively explore the intricate functions of glycans and glycoconjugates, with the primary goal of offering valuable insights into their extensive implications in both health and disease. Encompassing a broad spectrum of biological processes, the focus of the review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significant roles played by glycans and glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Arora
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - P M Sherilraj
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - K A Abutwaibe
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Bharti Dhruw
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Institute of Nano Science & Technology (INST), Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India; Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof. C.R. Rao Road, Gachibowli Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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2
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Assad H, Lone IA, Kumar A, Kumar A. Unveiling the contemporary progress of graphene-based nanomaterials with a particular focus on the removal of contaminants from water: a comprehensive review. Front Chem 2024; 12:1347129. [PMID: 38420577 PMCID: PMC10899519 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1347129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity and pollution pose significant challenges to global environmental sustainability and public health. As these concerns intensify, the quest for innovative and efficient water treatment technologies becomes paramount. In recent years, graphene-based nanomaterials have emerged as frontrunners in this pursuit, showcasing exceptional properties that hold immense promise for addressing water contamination issues. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, exhibits extraordinary mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties. These inherent characteristics have led to a surge of interest in leveraging graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide and functionalized graphene, for water treatment applications. The ability of graphene-based nanomaterials to adsorb, catalyze, and photocatalyze contaminants makes them highly versatile in addressing diverse pollutants present in water sources. This review will delve into the synthesis methods employed for graphene-based nanomaterials and explore the structural modifications and functionalization strategies implemented to increase their pollutant removal performance in water treatment. By offering a critical analysis of existing literature and highlighting recent innovations, it will guide future research toward the rational design and optimization of graphene-based nanomaterials for water decontamination. The exploration of interdisciplinary approaches and cutting-edge technologies underscores the evolving landscape of graphene-based water treatment, fostering a path toward sustainable and scalable solutions. Overall, the authors believe that this review will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and policymakers working toward sustainable and effective solutions for water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humira Assad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Physical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Imtiyaz Ahmad Lone
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Nalanda College of Engineering, Bihar Engineering University, Department of Science, Technology and Technical Education, Government of Bihar, Patna, India
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3
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Ribeiro BFM, Chaves JB, De Souza MM, Keppler AF, Do Carmo DR, Machado-Santelli GM. Interaction of Graphene Oxide Particles and Dendrimers with Human Breast Cancer Cells by Real-Time Microscopy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2655. [PMID: 38139996 PMCID: PMC10747174 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GOX) has become attractive due to its unique physicochemical properties. This nanomaterial can associate with other dendrimers, making them more soluble and allowing better interaction with biomacromolecules. The present study aimed to investigate, by real-time microscopy, the behavior of human breast cancer cells exposed to particles of materials based on graphene oxide. The MCF-7 cell line was exposed to GOX, GOX associated with Polypropylenimine hexadecaamine Dendrimer, Generation 3.0-DAB-AM-16 (GOXD) and GOX associated with polypropyleneimine-PAMAM (GOXP) in the presence or absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). GOX, GOXD and GOXP were taken up by the cells in clusters and then the clusters were fragmented into smaller ones inside the cells. Real-time microscopy showed that the presence of FBS in the culture medium could allow a more efficient internalization of graphene materials. After internalizing the materials, cells can redistribute the clumps to their daughter cells. In conclusion, the present study showed that the particles can adhere to the cell surface, favoring their internalization. The presence of FBS contributed to the formation of smaller aggregates of particles, avoiding the formation of large ones, and thus transmitted a more efficient internalization of the materials through the interaction of the particles with the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fumelli Monti Ribeiro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Julyane Batista Chaves
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Medina De Souza
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil
| | - Artur Franz Keppler
- Centre of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, São Paulo 09210-170, Brazil
| | | | - Gláucia M. Machado-Santelli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Bhatt S, Pathak R, Punetha VD, Punetha M. Recent advances and mechanism of antimicrobial efficacy of graphene-based materials: a review. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE 2023; 58:7839-7867. [PMID: 37200572 PMCID: PMC10166465 DOI: 10.1007/s10853-023-08534-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have undergone substantial investigation in recent years owing to their wide array of physicochemical characteristics. Employment of these materials in the current state, where infectious illnesses caused by microbes have severely damaged human life, has found widespread application in combating fatal infectious diseases. These materials interact with the physicochemical characteristics of the microbial cell and alter or damage them. The current review is dedicated to molecular mechanisms underlying the antimicrobial property of graphene-based materials. Various physical and chemical mechanisms leading to cell membrane stress, mechanical wrapping, photo-thermal ablation as well as oxidative stress exerting antimicrobial effect have also been thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, an overview of the interactions of these materials with membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids has been provided. A thorough understanding of discussed mechanisms and interactions is essential to develop extremely effective antimicrobial nanomaterial for application as an antimicrobial agent. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Bhatt
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Kosamba-Surat, Gujarat 394125 India
| | - Rakshit Pathak
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Kosamba-Surat, Gujarat 394125 India
| | - Vinay Deep Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Kosamba-Surat, Gujarat 394125 India
| | - Mayank Punetha
- 2D Materials and LASER Actuation Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research, PP Savani University, NH-8, Kosamba-Surat, Gujarat 394125 India
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Ramos-Soriano J, Ghirardello M, Galan MC. Carbon-based glyco-nanoplatforms: towards the next generation of glycan-based multivalent probes. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:9960-9985. [PMID: 36416290 PMCID: PMC9743786 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface carbohydrates mediate a wide range of carbohydrate-protein interactions key to healthy and disease mechanisms. Many of such interactions are multivalent in nature and in order to study these processes at a molecular level, many glycan-presenting platforms have been developed over the years. Among those, carbon nanoforms such as graphene and their derivatives, carbon nanotubes, carbon dots and fullerenes, have become very attractive as biocompatible platforms that can mimic the multivalent presentation of biologically relevant glycosides. The most recent examples of carbon-based nanoplatforms and their applications developed over the last few years to study carbohydrate-mediate interactions in the context of cancer, bacterial and viral infections, among others, are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos-Soriano
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Mattia Ghirardello
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Calle Madre de Dios 53, 26006 Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK.
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Click Chemistry: A Promising Tool for Building Hierarchical Structures. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194077. [PMID: 36236024 PMCID: PMC9570962 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hierarchical structures are utilized at different levels in nature. Moreover, a wide spectrum of nature’s properties (e.g., mechanical, physical and biological properties) has been attributed to this hierarchy. Different reviews have been published to cover the use of click chemistry in building hierarchical structures. However, each one of those reviews focused on a narrow area on this topic, i.e., specific chemical reaction, such as in thiol-ene chemistry, or a specific molecule or compound such as polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, or a certain range of hierarchical structures between the nano to micro range, e.g., nanocrystals. In this review, a frame to connect the dots between the different published works has been demonstrated. This article will not attempt to give an exhaustive review of all the published work in the field, instead the potential of click chemistry to build hierarchical structures of different levels using building blocks of different length scales has been shown through two main approaches. The first is a one-step direct formation of 3D micro/macrometer dimensions structures from Pico dimensions structures (molecules, monomers, etc.). The second approach includes several steps Pico ➔ 0D nano ➔ 1D nano ➔ 2D nano ➔ 3D nano/micro/macro dimensions structures. Another purpose of this review article is to connect between (a) the atomic theory, which covers the atoms and molecules in the picometer dimensions (picoscopic chemistry set); (b) “nano-periodic system” model, which covers different nanobuilding blocks in the nanometers range such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, buckyball, etc. which was developed by Tomalia; and (c) the micro/macrometer dimensions level.
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Nonlinear Optical and Ion Sensor Properties of Novel Molecules Conjugated by Click Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081516. [PMID: 35458266 PMCID: PMC9025167 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure, luminescence behavior, and electronic energy level of an organic optoelectronic materials are important parameters for its synthesis. The electro-optical properties can be changed by modifying the structure of the molecule to make the electronic energy level adjustable. In this article, a series of organic conjugated micro-molecules are successfully synthesized by linking small compound units. This metal-free [2 + 2] click chemistry process generates donor–acceptor chromophore substances with high yield, high solubility, and adjustable energy levels, which can be widely used for sensors and nonlinear optics in different fields. A-TCNE, A-TCNQ, and A-F4-TCNQ molecules are characterized comprehensively via UV-Vis-NIR spectra, 1H NMR spectra, infrared spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The unique nonlinear optical phenomena and powerful intra-molecular charge–transfer interactions of these new materials give them fascinating potential for application as optoelectronic materials.
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Zheng X, Zhai R, Zhang Z, Zhang B, Liu J, Razaq A, Ahmad MA, Raza R, Saleem M, Rizwan S, Jafri SHM, Li H, Papadakis R. Graphene-Oxide-Based Fluoro- and Chromo-Genic Materials and Their Applications. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27062018. [PMID: 35335380 PMCID: PMC8951247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27062018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials and their applications constitute a hot field of research nowadays due to the fact that they comprise a combination of the unique properties of each component of which they consist. Very often, they exhibit better performance and properties compared to their combined building blocks. Graphene oxide (GO), as the most widely used derivative of graphene, has attracted widespread attention because of its excellent properties. Abundant oxygen-containing functional groups on GO can provide various reactive sites for chemical modification or functionalization of GO, which in turn can be used to develop novel GO-based composites. This review outlines the most recent advances in the field of novel dyes and pigments encompassing GO as a key ingredient or as an important cofactor. The interactions of graphene with other materials/compounds are highlighted. The special structure and unique properties of GO have a great effect on the performance of fabricated hybrid dyes and pigments by enhancing the color performance of dyes, the anticorrosion properties of pigments, the viscosity and rheology of inks, etc., which further expands the applications of dyes and pigments in dyeing, optical elements, solar-thermal energy storage, sensing, coatings, and microelectronics devices. Finally, challenges in the current development as well as the future prospects of GO-based dyes and pigments are also discussed. This review provides a reference for the further exploration of novel dyes and pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Zheng
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Rongli Zhai
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Baoqing Zhang
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jiangwei Liu
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
| | - Aamir Razaq
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Rizwan Raza
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.R.); (M.A.A.); (R.R.)
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Rizwan
- Department of Physics, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Hassan Mujtaba Jafri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur 10250, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan;
| | - Hu Li
- Shandong Technology Centre of Nanodevices and Integration, School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (Z.Z.); (B.Z.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (R.P.)
| | - Raffaello Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- TdB Labs AB, Uppsala Business Park, 75450 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (R.P.)
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Li J, Zeng H, Zeng Z, Zeng Y, Xie T. Promising Graphene-Based Nanomaterials and Their Biomedical Applications and Potential Risks: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:5363-5396. [PMID: 34747591 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have been the subject of research focus in the scientific community because of their excellent physical, chemical, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical properties. Several studies have been conducted on GBNs, and they have provided a detailed review and summary of various applications. However, comprehensive comments on biomedical applications and potential risks and strategies to reduce toxicity are limited. In this review, we systematically summarized the following aspects of GBNs in order to fill the gaps: (1) the history, synthesis methods, structural characteristics, and surface modification; (2) the latest advances in biomedical applications (including drug/gene delivery, biosensors, bioimaging, tissue engineering, phototherapy, and antibacterial activity); and (3) biocompatibility, potential risks (toxicity in vivo/vitro and effects on human health and the environment), and strategies to reduce toxicity. Moreover, we have analyzed the challenges to be overcome in order to enhance application of GBNs in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Huamin Zeng
- Chengdu Ping An Healthcare Medical Examination Laboratory, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhaowu Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yiying Zeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.,School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.,Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
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