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Alkhudhairy F, AlRefeai MH. Carbon nanotube-modified adhesive to caries affected dentin conditioned with Nd: YAP laser, phosphoric acid, and photoactivated-erythrosine. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2024; 49:104307. [PMID: 39153712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
AIM Dentin conditioned with phosphoric acid (PA) Nd: YAP laser, and photoactivated-Ery(Erythrosine) on microleakage, shear bond strength (SBS) degree of conversion (DC), and rheological assessment of adhesive-infused with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). MATERIAL AND METHOD Carious ninety-six human mandibular molars were included. Specimens were disinfected and allocated into three groups based on surface pretreatment (n = 32) Group 1 (PA), Group 2 (Nd: YAP) laser, and Group 3 (Photoactivated-Ery). Conditioned groups were further divided into two 2 subgroups based on the application of unmodified ERA and CNTs-modified ERA. Composite restorations were placed on the CAD surface and thermal aging of the samples was performed. The microleakage assessment was conducted using a dye penetration test. Universal testing machine (UTM) assessed SBS bond failure was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses of CNT, and Fourier Transform Infrared FTIR of adhesives were performed. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc analyzed the outcomes. RESULTS Group 1B samples (PA+ CNTs modified adhesive) presented the minimum marginal leakage and highest bond integrity. Group 2A (Nd:YAP laser+Unmodified adhesive) displayed the maximum scores of microleakage and lowest bond strength. CONCLUSION Photoactivated Ery-PS can serve as an alternative to phosphoric acid for conditioning CAD. Incorporating CNT in adhesive significantly enhanced bond integrity and marginal seal with no significant difference in DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Alkhudhairy
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad H AlRefeai
- Associated Professor King Saud University - College of DentistryDepartment of Restorative Dentistry - Operative Division, Saudi Arabia.
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Alnazeh AA, Kamran MA, Almoammar S, Al Jearah MM, Qasim M, Alshahrani I. Visible light-activated curcumin-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles integrated into orthodontic adhesive on Micro-tensile bond strength, degree of conversion, and antibacterial effectiveness against Staphylococcus Aureus. An investigation using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 253:112888. [PMID: 38471422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
AIM To acquire a thorough comprehension of the photoactivated Cur-doped ZnONPs at different concentrations 0%, 2.5%, and 5% on the physical qualities, antibacterial efficacy, degree of conversion, and μshear bond strength between orthodontic brackets and the enamel surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS An extensive investigation was carried out utilizing a range of analytical methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, micro tensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, and evaluation of antibacterial effectiveness. Cur-doped ZnONPs at concentrations of 2.5% and 5% were blended with Transbond XT, a light-curable orthodontic adhesive. A control group without the addition of Cur-doped ZnONPs was also prepared. The tooth samples were categorized into three groups based on the weight percentage of NPs: Group 1 (control) with 0% Cur-doped ZnONPs, Group 2 with 2.5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs, and Group 3 with 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs. The SEM technique was employed to analyze the morphological characteristics of Cur-doped ZnONPs and ZnONPs. The composition and elemental distribution of the modified Cur-doped ZnONPs were assessed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effectiveness of NPs at various concentrations against S.Mutans was gauged through the pour plate method. DC of Cur-doped ZnONPs at a region of 1608 cm-1 to 1636 cm-1 for the cured area, whereas the uncured area spanned the same range of 1608 cm-1 to 1636 cm-1 was assessed. The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) approach was utilized to investigate the bond failure of orthodontic brackets, while a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was utilized to test μTBS. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to investigate variations in S.mutans survival rates. To determine the μTBS values, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Tukey multiple comparisons test were used. RESULTS The maximum μTBS was given and documented in group 3: 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (21.21 ± 1.53 MPa). The lowest μTBS was given in group 2: 2.5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (19.58 ± 1.27 MPa). The highest efficacy against S.mutans was documented in group 3 in which 5 wt% Cur-doped ZnONPs (0.39 ± 0.15). The lowest efficacy was seen in group 1 in which no Cur-doped ZnONPs were used (6.47 ± 1.23). The ARI analysis indicated that the predominant failure was between scores 0 and 1 among all experimental groups. Control group 1 which was not modified showed the highest DC (73.11 ± 4.19). CONCLUSION Orthodontic adhesive, containing 5% Cur-doped ZnONPs photoactivated with visible light exhibited a favorable impact on μTBS and indicated enhanced antibacterial efficacy against S.mutans. Nevertheless, it was observed that the addition of Cur-doped ZnONPs at different concentrations (2.5%,5%) resulted in a decrease in the monomer-to-polymer ratio compromising DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alnazeh
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Abdullah Kamran
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salem Almoammar
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alshahrani
- Department of Pedodontics and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Sharafeddin F, Ghodrati P. Evaluation of the Effect of Nanographene Oxide on Microleakage of Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8853495. [PMID: 38021348 PMCID: PMC10653959 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8853495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives One of the important features of the restorative materials is the ability to seal and prevent the microleakage. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) still exhibits some microleakage despite establishing a chemical bond to the tooth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nanographene oxide (nGO) on the microleakage of conventional (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Methods Thirty intact extracted molars were used. Class V cavities were prepared on their buccal and lingual surfaces. The samples randomly divided into two main groups of CGIC and RMGIC; each of them was randomly subdivided into three subgroups, including the group without nGO (control), the group with 1% nGO, and the group with 2% nGO. After restoring the cavities, they were subjected to thermocycling (1,000 cycles at 5/55°C). Two percent basic fuchsin solution was used to perform the microleakage test, and then the sectioned samples were examined by a stereomicroscope 40x. Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data (P < 0.05). Results Group CGIC + 1% nGO at the gingival margin and group RMGIC + 1% nGO at both gingival and occlusal margins had significantly less microleakage than their control groups (P=0.008, P=0.002, P=0.023, respectively). Also, in these two groups, there were no significant differences between the microleakage of the occlusal and gingival margins (P=0.132, P=0.511, respectively), while in all other groups, the gingival microleakage was significantly higher than that of occlusal microleakage. Conclusions The addition of 1% nGO significantly reduced the gingival microleakage of CGIC and the occlusal and the gingival microleakage of RMGIC, while the addition of 2% nGO did not cause a significant reduction in microleakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parisa Ghodrati
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Vohra F, Alamri RR, Almohsen FO, El Mourad AM, Farooq I, Alsaif R. Fiber post bonding with beta-tricalcium phosphate incorporated root dentin adhesive. SEM, EDX, FTIR, rheometric and bond strength study. Microsc Res Tech 2023. [PMID: 37129273 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to formulate an experimental adhesive (EA) and added nanoparticles (NPs) of beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to see the impact on pushout bond strength (PBS) and other mechanical properties. Three adhesives were prepared, including EA (control, without β-TCP NPs), 2.5%-β-TCP NPs containing adhesive (2.5%-NPA), and 5% β-TCP NPs containing adhesive (5%-NPA). For the characterization of the NPs, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was accomplished. For the adhesive's characterization, rheological assessment, and degree of conversion (DC) analysis were performed. PBS of these adhesives against resin fiber post to root dentin, interfacial failure categories, and resin dentin interface analysis were also assessed. The β-TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Rheological evaluation of the adhesive's showed a drop in the viscosity of all adhesives at greater angular frequencies. The greatest DC was detected for the EA group (67.54 ± 7.9) followed by 2.5%-NPA group (45.32 ± 5.1), whereas the lowest DC values were seen for the 5%-NPA group (38.97 ± 6.5). Concerning PBS, the 2.5%-NPA revealed the highest values at the coronal (12.81 ± 3.0) and middle (8.50 ± 2.3) sections, whereas, for the apical section, the highest PBS values were seen for the 5%-NPA (4.9 ± 1.6). Most of the failures for all adhesive groups were seen at the adhesive-dentin interface (cohesive type failures) for all root segments (coronal, middle, and apical). The resin-dentin interface analysis verified hybrid layer and resin tag formation for all adhesives, but the presence of dispersed β-TCP NPs was only seen in the two NP-reinforced adhesives. The adding of β-TCP NPs in the adhesive could be beneficial as it could improve its PBS. Suitable rheological properties and dentin interaction were also observed for NP-reinforced adhesives. A reduced DC was seen for both β-TCP NP-containing adhesives as compared to the EA. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Experimental adhesives were reinforced with beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) nanocrystals. The β-TCP NPs were seen as agglomerated asymmetrical particles on SEM. These NPs were composed primarily of calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). β-TCP adhesives demonstrated superior pushout bond strength and a drop in the adhesive viscosity at greater angular frequencies compared to control adhesive. The greatest DC was detected for the EA group followed by 2.5%- β-TCP group, whereas the lowest DC values were for the 5%- β-TCP group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad R Alamri
- Intern, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah O Almohsen
- Intern, Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aminah M El Mourad
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Operative Division, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rawan Alsaif
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alsunbul H, Alfawaz YF, Alhamdan EM, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Influence of carbon and graphene oxide nanoparticle on the adhesive properties of dentin bonding polymer: A SEM, EDX, FTIR study. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231159238. [PMID: 36905128 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231159238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at including 2.5 wt.% of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) and graphene oxide NPs (GNPs) in a control adhesive (CA) and then investigate the effect of this inclusion on their mechanical properties and its adhesion to root dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) mapping were conducted to investigate the structural features and elemental distribution of CNPs and GNPs, respectively. These NPs were further characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The adhesives were characterized by evaluating their push-out bond strength (PBS), rheological properties, degree of conversion (DC) investigation, and failure type analysis. RESULTS The SEM micrographs revealed that the CNPs were irregular and hexagonal, whereas the GNPs were flake-shaped. EDX analysis showed that carbon (C), oxygen (O), and zirconia (Zr) were found in the CNPs, while the GNPs were composed of C and O. The Raman spectra for CNPs and GNPs revealed their characteristic bands (CNPs-D band: 1334 cm-1, GNPs-D band: 1341 cm-1, CNPs-G band: 1650 cm-1, and GNPs-G band: 1607 cm-1). The testing verified that the highest bond strength to root dentin were detected for GNP-reinforced adhesive (33.20 ± 3.55 MPa), trailed closely by CNP-reinforced adhesive (30.48 ± 3.10 MPa), while, the CA displayed lowest values (25.11 ± 3.60 MPa). The inter-group comparisons of the NP-reinforced adhesives with the CA revealed statistically significant results (p < 0.01). Failures of adhesive nature were most common in within the adhesives and root dentin. The rheological assessment results demonstrated a reduced viscosity for all the adhesives observed at advanced angular frequencies. All the adhesives verified suitable dentin interaction shown by hybrid layer and appropriate resin tag development. A reduced DC was perceived for both NP-reinforced adhesives, compared to the CA. CONCLUSION The present study's findings have demonstrated that 2.5% GNP adhesive revealed the highest, suitable root dentin interaction, and acceptable rheological properties. Nevertheless, a reduced DC was observed (matched with the CA). Prospective studies probing the influence of diverse concentrations of filler NPs on the adhesive's mechanical properties to root dentin are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alsunbul
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser F Alfawaz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alhamdan
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Banci HA, Strazzi-Sahyon HB, Bento VAA, Sayeg JMC, Bachega MDO, Pellizzer EP, Sivieri-Araujo G. Influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on the bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 41:103270. [PMID: 36596331 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) was to investigate the influence of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin. METHODS This SRMA followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42022319856). A population, intervention, control, and outcome (PICO) question was formulated: "Does antimicrobial photodynamic therapy decrease the bond strength of root canal sealers?". A literature search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest databases until July 2022. Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Guidelines for Quasi-Experimental Studies were used for quality assessment. The meta-analysis was based on the inverse variance (IV) method (p<0.05). RESULTS Out of an initial 345 articles, 8 in vitro studies were included, published between 2013 and 2022. The studies were qualitatively analyzed; two studies showed a positive effect, two studies a negative effect, and the other studies showed no effect on bond strength of endodontic sealers to intraradicular dentin. Seven of the studies were included in the SRMA, which indicated that there was no significant difference in bond strength when using aPDT (P = 0.90; MD: -0.03; 95% CI: -0.46 to -0.41). There was a high level of evidence for each meta-analysis outcome. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the use of aPDT as a method of root canal disinfection does not negatively influence the bond strength of endodontic sealers in the root canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Augusto Banci
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Alves Bento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Mateus Cavalaro Sayeg
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Oliveira Bachega
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Piza Pellizzer
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sivieri-Araujo
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Discipline of Endodontics, Araçatuba School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Influence of Concentration Levels of β-Tricalcium Phosphate on the Physical Properties of a Dental Adhesive. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050853. [PMID: 35269344 PMCID: PMC8912458 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Our study assessed the influence of integrating 5% and 10% tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP-Ca3(PO4)2.) nanoparticles into a dental adhesive on the adhesive’s bonding. To evaluate the filler nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy techniques were used. Shear Bond strength (SBS) testing, degree of conversion (DC) analysis, investigation of the adhesive–dentin interface, and biofilm experiments were conducted. The SEM micrographs revealed non-uniform agglomerates, while the EDX demonstrated the existence of oxygen ‘O’ (24.2%), phosphorus ‘P’ (17.4%) and calcium ‘Ca’ (60.1%) in the β-TCP nanoparticles. The FTIR and micro-Raman spectra indicated characteristic bands for β-TCP containing materials. The 10 wt.% β-TCP adhesive presented the highest SBS values (NTC-10 wt.% β-TCP: 33.55 ± 3.73 MPa, TC-10 wt.% β-TCP: 30.50 ± 3.25 MPa), followed by the 5 wt.% β-TCP adhesive (NTC-5 wt.% β-TCP: 32.37 ± 3.10 MPa, TC-5 wt.% β-TCP: 27.75 ± 3.15 MPa). Most of the detected failures after bond strength testing were adhesive in nature. The β-TCP adhesives demonstrated suitable dentin interaction by forming a hybrid layer (with few or no gaps) and resin tags. The β-TCP adhesives (10 wt.%) revealed lower DC values compared to control. The incorporation of 5 and 10 wt.% concentrations of β-TCP particles resulted in an increase in SBS values. A linear decline in DC values was witnessed when the nanoparticle concentration was increased. Further research focusing on exploring the influence of higher filler concentrations on adhesive’s properties is recommended.
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Nano-β-tricalcium phosphate incorporated root dentin adhesive in the bonding interface of yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline post. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-022-02355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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The influence of calcium fluoride nanoparticles’ addition on the bond integrity, degree of conversion, ion-release, and dentin interaction of an adhesive. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-02282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Alfaawaz YF, Alamri R, Almohsen F, Shabab S, Alhamdan MM, Al Ahdal K, Farooq I, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Adhesive Bond Integrity of Experimental Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporated Dentin Adhesive: An SEM, EDX, μTBS, and Rheometric Analysis. SCANNING 2022; 2022:3477886. [PMID: 36016673 PMCID: PMC9385357 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3477886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study is aimed at preparing an experimental adhesive (EA) and assessing the influence of adding 5-10 wt.% concentrations of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the adhesive's mechanical properties. METHODS Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed to investigate the morphology and elemental distribution of the filler nanoparticles. To examine the adhesive properties, microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing, an investigation of the rheological properties, degree of conversion (DC), and analysis of the interface between the adhesive and dentin were carried out. RESULTS The SEM micrographs of ZnO nanoparticles demonstrated spherical agglomerates. The EDX plotting confirmed the incidence of Zn and oxygen (O) in the ZnO nanoparticles. The highest μTBS was observed for nonthermocycled (NTC) 5 wt.% ZnO group (32.11 ± 3.60 MPa), followed by the NTC-10 wt.% ZnO group (30.04 ± 3.24 MPa). Most of the failures observed were adhesive in nature. A gradual reduction in the viscosity was observed at higher angular frequencies, and the addition of 5 and 10 wt.% ZnO to the composition of the EA lowered its viscosity. The 5 wt.% ZnO group demonstrated suitable dentin interaction by showing the formation of resin tags, while for the 10 wt.% ZnO group, compromised resin tag formation was detected. DC was significantly higher in the 0% ZnO (EA) group. CONCLUSION The reinforcement of the EA with 5 and 10 wt.% concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles produced an improvement in the adhesive's μTBS. However, a reduced viscosity was observed for both nanoparticle-reinforced adhesives, and a negotiated dentin interaction was seen for 10 wt.% ZnO adhesive group. Further research exploring the influence of more filler concentrations on diverse adhesive properties is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser F. Alfaawaz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renad Alamri
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Almohsen
- Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Shabab
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Alhamdan
- Department of Prosthetic dental sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khold Al Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1G6
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Department of Prosthetic dental sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Abduljabbar
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Influence of TiO 2 and ZrO 2 Nanoparticles on Adhesive Bond Strength and Viscosity of Dentin Polymer: A Physical and Chemical Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13213794. [PMID: 34771351 PMCID: PMC8588544 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to formulate an experimental adhesive (EA) and reinforce it with 5 wt.% titanium dioxide (TiO2) or zirconium oxide (ZrO2) to yield 5% TiO2 and 5% ZrO2 adhesives, respectively, and then analyze the impact of this reinforcement on various mechanical properties of the adhesives. The EA contained a blend of monomers such as bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate and camphorquinone. The EA included ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate and camphorquinone photo-initiators, and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (DPIHP) was also included to act as an electron initiator. The TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into the EA post-synthesis. To characterize the filler nanoparticles, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and line-energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were performed. The adhesives were characterized by analyzing their rheological properties, shear-bond strength (SBS), and interfacial failure types. Further, the resin-dentin interface was also analyzed via SEM. The TiO2 nanoparticles were spherically shaped on the SEM micrographs, while the ZrO2 nanoparticles were seen as non-uniformly shaped agglomerates. The EDX mapping demonstrated the presence of Ti and oxygen for TiO2 and Zr and oxygen for the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Both 5% TiO2 and 5% ZrO2 adhesives revealed decreased viscosity as compared with the EA. The 5% TiO2 adhesive demonstrated higher SBS values for both non-thermocycled (NTC) and thermocycled samples (NTC: 25.35 ± 1.53, TC: 23.89 ± 1.95 MPa), followed by the 5% ZrO2 adhesive group (NTC: 23.10 ± 2.22, TC: 20.72 ± 1.32 MPa). The bulk of the failures (>70%) were of adhesive type in all groups. The SEM analysis of the resin-dentin interface revealed the development of a hybrid layer and resin tags (of variable depth) for the EA and 5% TiO2 groups. However, for the 5% ZrO2 group, the hybrid layer and resin tag establishment appeared compromised. Reinforcement of the EA with TiO2 or ZrO2 caused an increase in the adhesive's SBS (with the 5% TiO2 group demonstrating the highest values) in comparison with the EA (without nanoparticles). However, both nanoparticle-containing adhesives revealed decreased viscosity compared with the EA (without nanoparticles). Further studies investigating the impact of diverse filler concentrations on the properties of adhesives are suggested.
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Adhesive bond integrity of Y‐TZP post with calcium fluoride infiltrated resin dentin adhesive: An SEM, EDX, FTIR and micro‐Raman study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Assessment of Bond Integrity, Durability, and Degree of Conversion of a Calcium Fluoride Reinforced Dentin Adhesive. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152418. [PMID: 34372022 PMCID: PMC8347946 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to synthesize and compare the mechanical properties and dentin interaction of two adhesives; experimental adhesive (EA) and EA containing 5 wt.% calcium fluoride (CaF2) nano-crystals (CaF2 adhesive-CAFA). CaF2 nano-crystals were synthesized by reacting two solutions (containing calcium and fluoride) in a glass chamber using a heated air system. The EA was produced using a mix of monomers, photo-initiators, camphorquinone, and electron initiators. The synthesized CaF2 nano-crystals were centrifuged to guarantee that inside the adhesive there is homogenized dispersion of the filler particles. Their integration in the EA yielded two groups; Gp-1: EA (without CaF2, control) and Gp-2: (5 wt.% CaF2 containing adhesive, CAFA). Sixty teeth were prepared and set to form bonded specimens using the two adhesives. The CaF2 nano-crystals were irregularly shaped with an average particle size of 30–200 nm. The highest μTBS values were obtained for CAFA-non-thermocycled (NTC) samples (32.63 ± 3.15), followed by EA-NTC (31.80 ± 3.75) specimens. On thermocycling (TC), both adhesive groups presented lower μTBS values (CAFA-TC: 29.47 ± 3.33 and EA-TC: 24.04 ± 3.69). Hybrid layer (HL) formation and resin tags of varying depths were perceived for both adhesive groups. The EDX analysis demonstrated the presence of carbon (C), silica (Si), calcium (Ca), and fluoride (F) for CAFA group. Micro-Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct peaks for CaF2 nano-crystals. The CAFA group presented the greatest DC. The addition of CaF2 nano-crystals in the adhesive caused improved bond μTBS and DC. The incorporation also demonstrated suitable dentin interaction, depicted by appropriate HL and resin tag development.
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