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Ali Z, Abdullah M, Yasin MT, Amanat K, Ahmad K, Ahmed I, Qaisrani MM, Khan J. Organic waste-to-bioplastics: Conversion with eco-friendly technologies and approaches for sustainable environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117949. [PMID: 38109961 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Petrochemical-based synthetic plastics poses a threat to humans, wildlife, marine life and the environment. Given the magnitude of eventual depletion of petrochemical sources and global environmental pollution caused by the manufacturing of synthetic plastics such as polyethylene (PET) and polypropylene (PP), it is essential to develop and adopt biopolymers as an environment friendly and cost-effective alternative to synthetic plastics. Research into bioplastics has been gaining traction as a way to create a more sustainable and eco-friendlier environment with a reduced environmental impact. Biodegradable bioplastics can have the same characteristics as traditional plastics while also offering additional benefits due to their low carbon footprint. Therefore, using organic waste from biological origin for bioplastic production not only reduces our reliance on edible feedstock but can also effectively assist with solid waste management. This review aims at providing an in-depth overview on recent developments in bioplastic-producing microorganisms, production procedures from various organic wastes using either pure or mixed microbial cultures (MMCs), microalgae, and chemical extraction methods. Low production yield and production costs are still the major bottlenecks to their deployment at industrial and commercial scale. However, their production and commercialization pose a significant challenge despite such potential. The major constraints are their production in small quantity, poor mechanical strength, lack of facilities and costly feed for industrial-scale production. This review further explores several methods for producing bioplastics with the aim of encouraging researchers and investors to explore ways to utilize these renewable resources in order to commercialize degradable bioplastics. Challenges, future prospects and Life cycle assessment of bioplastics are also highlighted. Utilizing a variety of bioplastics obtained from renewable and cost-effective sources (e.g., organic waste, agro-industrial waste, or microalgae) and determining the pertinent end-of-life option (e.g., composting or anaerobic digestion) may lead towards the right direction that assures the sustainable production of bioplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Talha Yasin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Kinza Amanat
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266404, P.R. China.
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Laoshan Campus, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266100, PR China
| | - Muther Mansoor Qaisrani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Jallat Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan; Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), 64200, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan.
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Žiganova M, Merijs-Meri R, Zicāns J, Bochkov I, Ivanova T, Vīgants A, Ence E, Štrausa E. Visco-Elastic and Thermal Properties of Microbiologically Synthesized Polyhydroxyalkanoate Plasticized with Triethyl Citrate. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2896. [PMID: 37447541 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current research is devoted to the investigation of the plasticization of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) with triethyl citrate (TEC). Three different PHB or PHBV-based systems with 10, 20, and 30 wt.% of TEC were prepared by two-roll milling. The effect of TEC on the rheological, thermal, mechanical, and calorimetric properties of the developed compression-molded PHB and PHBV-based systems was determined. It was revealed that the addition of TEC significantly influenced the melting behavior of both polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), reducing their melting temperatures and decreasing viscosities. It was also revealed that all the investigated systems demonstrated less than 2% weight loss until 200 °C and rapid degradation did not occur until 240-260 °C in an oxidative environment. Apart from this, a remarkable increase (ca 2.5 times) in ultimate tensile deformation εB was observed by increasing the amount of TEC in either PHB or PHBV. A concomitant, considerable drop in ultimate strength σB and modulus of elasticity E was observed. Comparatively, the plasticization efficiency of TEC was greater in the case of PHBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madara Žiganova
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Remo Merijs-Meri
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Jānis Zicāns
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Ivan Bochkov
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Tatjana Ivanova
- Institute of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3 Paula Valdena Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Armands Vīgants
- Laboratory of Bioconversion of Carbohydrates, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Street, LV-1050 Riga, Latvia
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Aragosa A, Specchia V, Frigione M. Valorization of Waste from Argan Seeds for Polyhydroxybutyrate Production Using Bacterial Strains Isolated from Argan Soils. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081972. [PMID: 37112119 PMCID: PMC10141640 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the valorization of argan seed pulp, a waste material obtained from argan oil extraction, for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). A new species that showed the metabolic capacity for the conversion of argan waste into the bio-based polymer was isolated from an argan crop located in Teroudant, a southwestern region of Morocco, where the arid soil is exploited for goat grazing. The PHB accumulation efficiency of this new species was compared to the previously identified species 1B belonging to the genus Sphingomonas, and results were reported as dry cell weight residual biomass and PHB final yield measured. Temperature, incubation time, pH, NaCl concentration, nitrogen sources, residue concentrations, and culture medium volumes were analyzed with the aim of obtaining a maximum accumulation of PHB. UV-visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis confirmed that PHB was present in the material extracted from the bacterial culture. The results of this wide investigation indicated that the new isolated species 2D1 had a higher efficiency in PHB production compared to the previously identified strain 1B, which was isolated from a contaminated argan soil in Teroudant. PHB final yield of the two bacterial species, i.e., the new isolated and 1B, cultivated under optimal culture conditions, in 500 mL MSM enriched with 3% argan waste, were 21.40% (5.91 ± 0.16 g/L) and 8.16% (1.92 ± 0.23 g/L), respectively. For the new isolated strain, the result of the UV-visible spectrum indicates the absorbance at 248 nm, while the FTIR spectrum showed peaks at 1726 cm-1 and 1270 cm-1: these characteristic peaks indicated the presence of PHB in the extract. The data from the species 1B UV-visible and FTIR spectra were previously reported and were used in this study for a correlation analysis. Furthermore, additional peaks, uncharacteristic of standard PHB, suggest the presence of impurities (e.g., cell debris, solvent residues, biomass residues) that persisted after extraction. Therefore, a further enhancement of the sample purification during extraction is recommended for more accuracy in the chemical characterization. If 470,000 tons of argan fruit waste can be produced annually, and 3% of waste is consumed in 500 mL culture by 2D1 to produce 5.91 g/L (21.40%) of the bio-based polymer PHB, it can be estimated that the amount of putative PHB that can be extracted annually from the total argan fruit waste is about 2300 tons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aragosa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane 53000, Morocco
| | - Valeria Specchia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Ability of converting sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate into polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by bacteria isolated from stressed environmental soils. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Aragosa A, Saccomanno B, Specchia V, Frigione M. A Novel Sphingomonas sp. Isolated from Argan Soil for the Polyhydroxybutyrate Production from Argan Seeds Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030512. [PMID: 36771813 PMCID: PMC9921021 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a biodegradable bio-based polymer synthesized by microorganisms under unfavorable conditions from agro-industrial residues as a source of carbon. These aspects make the bio-based polymer attractive for the mass production of biodegradable plastics, and a definitive replacement for petroleum-based plastics. The aim of this work was to characterize the putative PHB-producing bacterium 1B isolated from the argan soil, to identify the polymer produced, and quantify the PHB production using argan seeds waste. DNA extraction, PCR, and Sanger sequencing were conducted for the molecular identification of strain 1B; the residual biomass and the PHB quantification were measured and compared in the presence of simple sugars and pretreated argan seeds waste. The 1B growth and PHB synthesis were optimized by selecting physical and nutritional parameters: temperature, incubation time, pH, NaCl concentration, and nitrogen sources concentrations. A preliminary characterization of the bio-based polymer extracted was conducted by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis. The strain 1B was identified as belonging to the genus Sphingomonas. The PHB final yield was higher in a growth culture enriched with argan waste (3.06%) than with simple sugars. The selected conditions for the bacterial optimal growth incremented the PHB final yield to 6.13%, while the increase in the argan residue concentration from 1 to 3% in a larger culture volume led to the PHB final yield of 8.16%. UV-Visible spectrophotometry of the extracted sample reported a remarkable peak at 248 nm, as well as FTIR spectra analysis, showed peaks at 1728 and 1282 wavenumber/cm. Both preliminary characterizations demonstrated that the extracted sample is the bio-based polymer polyhydroxybutyrate. The results reported in this work reveal how the costless available argan seeds can be used for polyhydroxybutyrate production using a novel Sphingomonas species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Aragosa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- School of Science and Engineering, Al Akhawayn University, Ifrane 53000, Morocco
| | - Benedetta Saccomanno
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria Specchia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Mariaenrica Frigione
- Department of Innovation Engineering, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-297215
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Shin G, Jeong DW, Kim H, Park SA, Kim S, Lee JY, Hwang SY, Park J, Oh DX. Biosynthesis of Polyhydroxybutyrate with Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Cupriavidus necator. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2604. [PMID: 34451143 PMCID: PMC8398664 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural polyester synthesized by several microorganisms. Moreover, it has excellent biodegradability and is an eco-friendly material because it converts water and carbon dioxide as final decomposition products. However, the applications of PHB are limited because of its stiffness and brittleness. Because cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have excellent intrinsic mechanical properties such as high specific strength and modulus, they may compensate for the insufficient physical properties of PHB by producing their nanocomposites. In this study, natural polyesters were extracted from Cupriavidus necator fermentation with CNCs, which were well-dispersed in nitrogen-limited liquid culture media. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results revealed that the additional O-H peak originating from cellulose at 3500-3200 cm-1 was observed for PHB along with the C=O and -COO bands at 1720 cm-1. This suggests that PHB-CNC nanocomposites could be readily obtained using C. necator fermented in well-dispersed CNC-supplemented culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giyoung Shin
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jeong
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Hyeri Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Seul-A Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ju Young Lee
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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