1
|
Yang Y, Han K, Huang S, Wang K, Wang Y, Ding S, Zhang L, Zhang M, Xu B, Ma S, Wang Y, Wu S, Wang X. Revelation of adhesive proteins affecting cellular contractility through reference-free traction force microscopy. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3249-3261. [PMID: 38466580 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00065j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the critical role played by cellular contractility associated mechanotransduction in the regulation of cell functions has been revealed. In this case, numerous biomaterials have been chemically or structurally designed to manipulate cell behaviors through the regulation of cellular contractility. In particular, adhesive proteins including fibronectin, poly-L-lysine and collagen type I have been widely applied in various biomaterials to improve cell adhesion. Therefore, clarifying the effects of adhesive proteins on cellular contractility has been valuable for the development of biomaterial design. In this study, reference-free traction force microscopy with a well-organized microdot array was designed and prepared to investigate the relationship between adhesive proteins, cellular contractility, and mechanotransduction. The results showed that fibronectin and collagen type I were able to promote the assembly of focal adhesions and further enhance cellular contraction and YAP activity. In contrast, although poly-L-lysine supported cell spreading and elongation, it was inefficient at inducing cell contractility and activating YAP. Additionally, compared with cellular morphogenesis, cellular contraction was essential for YAP activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Yang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, P. R. China
| | - Kuankuan Han
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Huang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Shukai Ding
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bingshe Xu
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
- Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shufang Ma
- Materials Institute of Atomic and Molecular Science, School of Physics & Information Science, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengli Wu
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu J, Du Y, Xiao X, Tan D, He Y, Qin L. Construction of in vitro liver-on-a-chip models and application progress. Biomed Eng Online 2024; 23:33. [PMID: 38491482 PMCID: PMC10941602 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-024-01226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. It has a complex structure and function and plays a vital role in drug metabolism. In recent decades, extensive research has aimed to develop in vitro models that can simulate liver function to demonstrate changes in the physiological and pathological environment of the liver. Animal models and in vitro cell models are common, but the data obtained from animal models lack relevance when applied to humans, while cell models have limited predictive ability for metabolism and toxicity in humans. Recent advancements in tissue engineering, biomaterials, chip technology, and 3D bioprinting have provided opportunities for further research in in vitro models. Among them, liver-on-a-Chip (LOC) technology has made significant achievements in reproducing the in vivo behavior, physiological microenvironment, and metabolism of cells and organs. In this review, we discuss the development of LOC and its research progress in liver diseases, hepatotoxicity tests, and drug screening, as well as chip combinations. First, we review the structure and the physiological function of the liver. Then, we introduce the LOC technology, including general concepts, preparation materials, and methods. Finally, we review the application of LOC in disease modeling, hepatotoxicity tests, drug screening, and chip combinations, as well as the future challenges and directions of LOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Yimei Du
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinxin Xiao
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Daopeng Tan
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| | - Lin Qin
- Guizhou Engineering Research Center of Industrial Key-Technology for Dendrobium Nobile, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sunildutt N, Ahmed F, Chethikkattuveli Salih AR, Lim JH, Choi KH. Integrating Transcriptomic and Structural Insights: Revealing Drug Repurposing Opportunities for Sporadic ALS. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3793-3806. [PMID: 38284068 PMCID: PMC10809234 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive and devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of upper and lower motor neurons, resulting in debilitating muscle weakness and atrophy. Currently, there are no effective treatments available for ALS, posing significant challenges in managing the disease that affects approximately two individuals per 100,000 people annually. To address the urgent need for effective ALS treatments, we conducted a drug repurposing study using a combination of bioinformatics tools and molecular docking techniques. We analyzed sporadic ALS-related genes from the GEO database and identified key signaling pathways involved in sporadic ALS pathogenesis through pathway analysis using DAVID. Subsequently, we utilized the Clue Connectivity Map to identify potential drug candidates and performed molecular docking using AutoDock Vina to evaluate the binding affinity of short-listed drugs to key sporadic ALS-related genes. Our study identified Cefaclor, Diphenidol, Flubendazole, Fluticasone, Lestaurtinib, Nadolol, Phenamil, Temozolomide, and Tolterodine as potential drug candidates for repurposing in sporadic ALS treatment. Notably, Lestaurtinib demonstrated high binding affinity toward multiple proteins, suggesting its potential as a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent for sporadic ALS. Additionally, docking analysis revealed NOS3 as the gene that interacts with all the short-listed drugs, suggesting its possible involvement in the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic potential of these drugs in sporadic ALS. Overall, our study provides a systematic framework for identifying potential drug candidates for sporadic ALS therapy and highlights the potential of drug repurposing as a promising strategy for discovering new therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Sunildutt
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju63243, Republic
of Korea
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju63243, Republic
of Korea
| | - Abdul Rahim Chethikkattuveli Salih
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju63243, Republic
of Korea
- Terasaki
Institute for Biomedical InnovationLos Angeles21100, United States
| | - Jong Hwan Lim
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju63243, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department
of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National
University, Jeju63243, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farooqi M, Kang CU, Choi KH. Organ-on-Chip: Advancing Nutraceutical Testing for Improved Health Outcomes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31632-31647. [PMID: 37692213 PMCID: PMC10483668 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent global wave of organic food consumption and the vitality of nutraceuticals for human health benefits has driven the need for applying scientific methods for phytochemical testing. Advanced in vitro models with greater physiological relevance than conventional in vitro models are required to evaluate the potential benefits and toxicity of nutraceuticals. Organ-on-chip (OOC) models have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional in vitro models and animal testing due to their ability to mimic organ pathophysiology. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of OOC models in identifying pharmaceutically relevant compounds and accurately assessing compound-induced toxicity. This review examines the utility of traditional in vitro nutraceutical testing models and discusses the potential of OOC technology as a preclinical testing tool to examine the biomedical potential of nutraceuticals by reducing the need for animal testing. Exploring the capabilities of OOC models in carrying out plant-based bioactive compounds can significantly contribute to the authentication of nutraceuticals and drug discovery and validate phytochemicals medicinal characteristics. Overall, OOC models can facilitate a more systematic and efficient assessment of nutraceutical compounds while overcoming the limitations of current traditional in vitro models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Awais Farooqi
- Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do 690756, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chul-Ung Kang
- Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do 690756, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics
Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Jeju-do 690756, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kutluk H, Bastounis EE, Constantinou I. Integration of Extracellular Matrices into Organ-on-Chip Systems. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2203256. [PMID: 37018430 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202203256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, dynamic network present within all tissues and organs that not only acts as a mechanical support and anchorage point but can also direct fundamental cell behavior, function, and characteristics. Although the importance of the ECM is well established, the integration of well-controlled ECMs into Organ-on-Chip (OoC) platforms remains challenging and the methods to modulate and assess ECM properties on OoCs remain underdeveloped. In this review, current state-of-the-art design and assessment of in vitro ECM environments is discussed with a focus on their integration into OoCs. Among other things, synthetic and natural hydrogels, as well as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) used as substrates, coatings, or cell culture membranes are reviewed in terms of their ability to mimic the native ECM and their accessibility for characterization. The intricate interplay among materials, OoC architecture, and ECM characterization is critically discussed as it significantly complicates the design of ECM-related studies, comparability between works, and reproducibility that can be achieved across research laboratories. Improving the biomimetic nature of OoCs by integrating properly considered ECMs would contribute to their further adoption as replacements for animal models, and precisely tailored ECM properties would promote the use of OoCs in mechanobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Kutluk
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Effie E Bastounis
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, E8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections" EXC 2124, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iordania Constantinou
- Institute of Microtechnology (IMT), Technical University of Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Str. 203, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ), Technical University of Braunschweig, Franz-Liszt-Str. 35a, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nazari H, Shrestha J, Naei VY, Bazaz SR, Sabbagh M, Thiery JP, Warkiani ME. Advances in TEER measurements of biological barriers in microphysiological systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 234:115355. [PMID: 37159988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are multicellular structures that precisely regulate the transport of ions, biomolecules, drugs, cells, and other organisms. Transendothelial/epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) is a label-free method for predicting the properties of biological barriers. Understanding the mechanisms that control TEER significantly enhances our knowledge of the physiopathology of different diseases and aids in the development of new drugs. Measuring TEER values within microphysiological systems called organ-on-a-chip devices that simulate the microenvironment, architecture, and physiology of biological barriers in the body provides valuable insight into the behavior of barriers in response to different drugs and pathogens. These integrated systems should increase the accuracy, reproducibility, sensitivity, resolution, high throughput, speed, cost-effectiveness, and reliable predictability of TEER measurements. Implementing advanced micro and nanoscale manufacturing techniques, surface modification methods, biomaterials, biosensors, electronics, and stem cell biology is necessary for integrating TEER measuring systems with organ-on-chip technology. This review focuses on the applications, advantages, and future perspectives of integrating organ-on-a-chip technology with TEER measurement methods for studying biological barriers. After briefly reviewing the role of TEER in the physiology and pathology of barriers, standard techniques for measuring TEER, including Ohm's law and impedance spectroscopy, and commercially available devices are described. Furthermore, advances in TEER measurement are discussed in multiple barrier-on-a-chip system models representing different organs. Finally, we outline future trends in implementing advanced technologies to design and fabricate nanostructured electrodes, complicated microfluidic chips, and membranes for more advanced and accurate TEER measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjatollah Nazari
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vahid Yaghoubi Naei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Milad Sabbagh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, New South Wales, Australia; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sunildutt N, Parihar P, Chethikkattuveli Salih AR, Lee SH, Choi KH. Revolutionizing drug development: harnessing the potential of organ-on-chip technology for disease modeling and drug discovery. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1139229. [PMID: 37180709 PMCID: PMC10166826 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1139229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The inefficiency of existing animal models to precisely predict human pharmacological effects is the root reason for drug development failure. Microphysiological system/organ-on-a-chip technology (organ-on-a-chip platform) is a microfluidic device cultured with human living cells under specific organ shear stress which can faithfully replicate human organ-body level pathophysiology. This emerging organ-on-chip platform can be a remarkable alternative for animal models with a broad range of purposes in drug testing and precision medicine. Here, we review the parameters employed in using organ on chip platform as a plot mimic diseases, genetic disorders, drug toxicity effects in different organs, biomarker identification, and drug discoveries. Additionally, we address the current challenges of the organ-on-chip platform that should be overcome to be accepted by drug regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries. Moreover, we highlight the future direction of the organ-on-chip platform parameters for enhancing and accelerating drug discoveries and personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naina Sunildutt
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Pratibha Parihar
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shinde A, Illath K, Kasiviswanathan U, Nagabooshanam S, Gupta P, Dey K, Chakrabarty P, Nagai M, Rao S, Kar S, Santra TS. Recent Advances of Biosensor-Integrated Organ-on-a-Chip Technologies for Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3121-3146. [PMID: 36716428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Shinde
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Kavitha Illath
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Uvanesh Kasiviswanathan
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Shalini Nagabooshanam
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pallavi Gupta
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Koyel Dey
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Pulasta Chakrabarty
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Moeto Nagai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Suresh Rao
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srabani Kar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choroidal Thickness in Different Patterns of Diabetic Macular Edema. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206169. [PMID: 36294492 PMCID: PMC9605356 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This observational study investigated the changes in choroidal thickness (ChT) in different patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) based on image processing using enhanced-depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SD-OCT). Participants with ocular conditions affecting the fundus view, including retinal diseases, were excluded. After observing the patient’s medical record, multicolor fundus photos, thickness maps, and subtypes of DME were diagnosed according to the criteria reported by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Edema was classified as focal or diffuse and was subdivided into cystic macular edema (CME), CME with subretinal fluid (CME+), and spongy macular edema (SME). Image processing was performed on the B-scan images from SD-OCT to segment the choroid layer and obtain the choroid thickness. A total of 159 eyes of 81 patients (46 males and 35 females; 57.53 ± 9.78 years of age), and 57 eyes of 30 healthy individuals (age 57.34 ± 8.76 years) were enrolled in this study. Out of 159 eyes, 76 had focal macular edema (FME), 13 exhibited SME, and 51 presented CME. Among those with cystic macular edema, 19 eyes showed subretinal fluid (CME+). The average choroidal thickness in FME, diffuse SME, CME, and CME+ was 216.95 ± 52.94 µm, 243.00 ± 46.34 µm, 221.38 ± 60.78 µm, and 249.63 ± 53.90 µm, respectively. The average choroidal thickness in age-matched controls was 213.88 ± 45.60 µm. Choroidal thickness increases with the severity of edema; choroidal thickness was higher in diffuse macular edema than in FME. However, choroidal thickness increased in cystic macular edema with subretinal fluid (CME+).
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu M, Xiang Y, Yang Y, Long X, Xiao Z, Nan Y, Jiang Y, Qiu Y, Huang Q, Ai K. State-of-the-art advancements in Liver-on-a-chip (LOC): Integrated biosensors for LOC. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
11
|
Chethikkattuveli Salih AR, Asif A, Samantasinghar A, Umer Farooqi HM, Kim S, Choi KH. Renal Hypoxic Reperfusion Injury-on-Chip Model for Studying Combinational Vitamin Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3733-3740. [PMID: 35878885 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal ischemic-reperfusion injury decreases the chances of long-term kidney graft survival and may lead to the loss of a transplanted kidney. During organ excision, the cycle of warm ischemia from the donor and cold ischemia is due to storage in a cold medium after revascularization following organ transplantation. The reperfusion of the kidney graft activates several pathways that generate reactive oxygen species, forming a hypoxic-reperfusion injury. Animal models are generally used to model and investigate renal hypoxic-reperfusion injury. However, these models face ethical concerns and present a lack of robustness and intraspecies genetic variations, among other limitations. We introduce a microfluidics-based renal hypoxic-reperfusion (RHR) injury-on-chip model to overcome current limitations. Primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and primary human endothelial cells were cultured on the apical and basal sides of a porous membrane. Hypoxic and normoxic cell culture media were used to create the RHR injury-on-chip model. The disease model was validated by estimating various specific hypoxic biomarkers of RHR. Furthermore, retinol, ascorbic acid, and combinational doses were tested to devise a therapeutic solution for RHR. We found that combinational vitamin therapy can decrease the chances of RHR injury. The proposed RHR injury-on-chip model can serve as an alternative to animal testing for injury investigation and the identification of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arun Asif
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea.,BioSpero Inc., Jeju Science Park, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243 Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Anupama Samantasinghar
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejoong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13620, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do 63243, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Circadian and Tidal Changes in Snapping Shrimp (Alpheus brevicristatus) Sound Observed by a Moored Hydrophone in the Coastal Sea of Western Jeju. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have evaluated the acoustic characteristics of soniferous snapping shrimp, but a few are based on long-term mooring measurements. In this study, underwater ambient noise signals were collected from a hydrophone moored 10 m from the sea bed in the coastal sea of western Jeju, South Korea, from mid-September 2019 for 90 days to analyze the variation in the sound of snapping shrimp. The kernel signal and a threshold value were utilized to identify the snapping shrimp, and the snap rate per minute was computed for quantitative analysis. The results show that the mean and standard deviation of the snap rate in the western sea of Jeju was 2132 ± 432 per minute during the whole measurement period. The surface water temperature and tidal level decreased by 7 °C from 25 °C and 50 cm from 190 cm, respectively, over 90 days. The snap rate decreased from September mainly due to the decrease in water temperature by 71 times per minute for every 1 °C decrease. It showed a circadian cycle, increasing by 17~24% at sunrise and sunset compared to the daytime minimum. The snap rate at night was the highest in late summer but the rate dropped like the one during the day in late fall. The snap rate at high tide was 13% higher on average than at low tide. The circadian and tidal changes of the snapping shrimp sound from long-term mooring measurements may be used as primary data for underwater ambient noise and the ecological behavior of snapping shrimp.
Collapse
|
13
|
An Engineered Protein-Based Building Block (Albumin Methacryloyl) for Fabrication of a 3D In Vitro Cryogel Model. Gels 2022; 8:gels8070404. [PMID: 35877489 PMCID: PMC9324498 DOI: 10.3390/gels8070404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a leading cause of attrition in drug development or withdrawal; current animal experiments and traditional 2D cell culture systems fail to precisely predict the liver toxicity of drug candidates. Hence, there is an urgent need for an alternative in vitro model that can mimic the liver microenvironments and accurately detect human-specific drug hepatotoxicity. Here, for the first time we propose the fabrication of an albumin methacryloyl cryogel platform inspired by the liver’s microarchitecture via emulating the mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) cues of liver. Engineered crosslinkable albumin methacryloyl is used as a protein-based building block for fabrication of albumin cryogel in vitro models that can have potential applications in 3D cell culture and drug screening. In this work, protein modification, cryogelation, and liver ECM coating were employed to engineer highly porous three-dimensional cryogels with high interconnectivity, liver-like stiffness, and liver ECM as artificial liver constructs. The resulting albumin-based cryogel in vitro model provided improved cell–cell and cell–material interactions and consequently displayed excellent liver functional gene expression, being conducive to detection of fialuridine (FIAU) hepatotoxicity.
Collapse
|
14
|
Study of the Anticancer Potential of Plant Extracts Using Liver Tumor Microphysiological System. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020135. [PMID: 35207423 PMCID: PMC8880716 DOI: 10.3390/life12020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Plants have been considered a vital source of modern pharmaceutics since the paleolithic age. Contemporary chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer therapy are chemical entities sourced from plants. However, synthetic drugs or their derivatives come with severe to moderate side effects for human health. Hence, the quest to explore and discover plant-based novel anticancer drugs is ongoing. Anticancer activities are the primary method to estimate the potential and efficacy of an extract or compound for drug discovery. However, traditional in vitro anticancer activity assays often show poor efficacy due to the lack of in-vivo-like cellular environment. In comparison, the animal-based in vivo assays lack human genetic makeup and have ethical concerns. Aim: This study aimed to overcome the limitations of traditional cell-culture-based anticancer assays and find the most suitable assay for anticancer activity of plant extracts. We first reported utilizing a liver tumor microphysiological system in the anticancer effect assessment of plant extracts. Methodology: Methanolic extracts of Acer cappadocicum Gled were used to assess anticancer activity against liver tumor microphysiological system (MPS), and cell viability, liver function tests, and antioxidant enzyme activities were performed. Additionally, an embedded transepithelial electrical resistance sensor was utilized for the real-time monitoring of the liver tumor MPS. The results were also compared with the traditional cell culture model. Results: The study demonstrated the superiority of the TEER sensor-based liver tumor MPS by its better anticancer activity based on cell viability and biomarker analysis compared to the traditional in vitro cell culture model. The anticancer effects of the plant extracts were successfully observed in real time, and methanolic extracts of Acer cappadocicum Gled increased the alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase secretion, which may reveal the different mechanisms of these extracts and suggest a clue for the future molecular study of the anticancer pathways. Conclusion: Our results show that the liver tumor microphysiological system could be a better platform for plant-based anticancer activity assessment than traditional cell culture models.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kausar F, Kim KH, Farooqi HMU, Farooqi MA, Kaleem M, Waqar R, Khalil AAK, Khuda F, Abdul Rahim CS, Hyun K, Choi KH, Mumtaz AS. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activities of Selected Medicinal Plants of Himalayas, Pakistan. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010048. [PMID: 35009052 PMCID: PMC8747275 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are known for their diverse use in the traditional medicine of the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The present study is designed to investigate the anticancer and antimicrobial activities of Prunus cornuta and Quercus semicarpifolia. The anticancer activity was performed using cancerous human cell lines (HepG2, Caco-2, A549, MDA-MB-231, and NCI-H1437 carcinoma cells), while the antimicrobial activity was conducted with the agar-well diffusion method. Furthermore, toxicity studies were performed on alveolar and renal primary epithelial cells. Initially, different extracts were prepared by maceration techniques using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and methanol. The preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, and quinones. The chloroform extract of P. cornuta (PCC) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Acinetobacter baumannii (16 mm) and Salmonella enterica (14.5 mm). The A. baumannii and S. enterica strains appeared highly susceptible to n-hexane extract of P. cornuta (PCN) with an antibacterial effect of 15 mm and 15.5 mm, respectively. The results also showed that the methanolic extracts of Quercus semecarpifolia (QSM) exhibited considerable antibacterial inhibitory activity in A. baumannii (18 mm), Escherichia coli (15 mm). The QSN and QSE extracts also showed good inhibition in A. baumannii with a 16 mm zone of inhibition. The Rhizopus oryzae strain has shown remarkable mycelial inhibition by PCM and QSN with 16 mm and 21 mm inhibition, respectively. Furthermore, the extracts of P. cornuta and Q. semicarpifolia exhibited prominent growth inhibition of breast (MDA-MB-231) and lung (A549) carcinoma cells with 19-30% and 22-39% cell viabilities, respectively. The gut cell line survival was also significantly inhibited by Q. semicarpifolia (24-34%). The findings of this study provide valuable information for the future development of new antibacterial and anticancer medicinal agents from P. cornuta and Q. semicarpifolia extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Kausar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Kyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Umer Farooqi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
- National Control Laboratory for Biologicals, Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan, Islamabad 44090, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais Farooqi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Rooma Waqar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.)
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
| | - Fazli Khuda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Chethikkattuveli Salih Abdul Rahim
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
| | - Kinam Hyun
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
| | - Kyung-Hyun Choi
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (K.-H.K.); (H.M.U.F.); (M.A.F.); (C.S.A.R.); (K.H.)
- BioSpero, Inc., Jeju-si 63243, Korea
| | - Abdul Samad Mumtaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (F.K.); (M.K.); (R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kagenda C, Lee JW, Memon FH, Ahmed F, Samantasinghar A, Akhtar MW, Khalique A, Choi KH. Silicone Elastomer Composites Fabricated with MgO and MgO-Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes with Improved Thermal Conductivity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123418. [PMID: 34947767 PMCID: PMC8708344 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and magnesium oxide (MgO) on the thermal conductivity of MWCNTs and MgO-reinforced silicone rubber was studied. The increment of thermal conductivity was found to be linear with respect to increased loading of MgO. In order to improve the thermal transportation of phonons 0.3 wt % and 0.5 wt % of MWCNTs were added as filler to MgO-reinforced silicone rubber. The MWCNTs were functionalized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to activate organic groups onto the surface of MWCNTs. These functional groups improved the compatibility and adhesion and act as bridging agents between MWCNTs and silicone elastomer, resulting in the formation of active conductive pathways between MgO and MWCNTs in the silicone elastomer. The surface functionalization was confirmed with XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy confirms the pristine structure of MWCNTs after oxidation with H2O2. The thermal conductivity is improved to 1 W/m·K with the addition of 20 vol% with 0.5 wt % of MWCNTs, which is an ~8-fold increment in comparison to neat elastomer. Improved thermal conductive properties of MgO-MWCNTs elastomer composite will be a potential replacement for conventional thermal interface materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kagenda
- Faculty of Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Kyambogo University, Kampala P.O. Box 1, Uganda;
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Lee
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Labortory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.M.); (F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Fida Hussain Memon
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Labortory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.M.); (F.A.); (A.S.)
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Labortory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.M.); (F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Anupama Samantasinghar
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Labortory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.M.); (F.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Wasim Akhtar
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju-si 54896, Korea
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (M.W.A.); (K.H.C.)
| | - Abdul Khalique
- Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan;
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Labortory, Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.W.L.); (F.H.M.); (F.A.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.A.); (K.H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mahar I, Memon FH, Lee JW, Kim KH, Ahmed R, Soomro F, Rehman F, Memon AA, Thebo KH, Choi KH. Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Carbides and Nitrides (MXenes) for Water Purification and Antibacterial Applications. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:869. [PMID: 34832099 PMCID: PMC8623976 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDS), boron nitride (BN), and layered double hydroxide (LDH) metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely investigated as potential candidates in various separation applications because of their high mechanical strength, large surface area, ideal chemical and thermal stability, simplicity, ease of functionalization, environmental comparability, and good antibacterial performance. Recently, MXene as a new member of the 2D polymer family has attracted significant attention in water purification, desalination, gas separation, antibacterial, and antifouling applications. Herein, we review the most recent progress in the fabrication, preparation, and modification methods of MXene-based lamellar membranes with the emphasis on applications for water purification and desalination. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of MXene-based membranes show a significant potential for commercial use in water purification. Thus, this review provides a directional guide for future development in this emerging technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inamullah Mahar
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan; (I.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Fida Hussain Memon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan;
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Jae-Wook Lee
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| | - Rafique Ahmed
- Institute of Composite Science Innovation (InCSI), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Faheeda Soomro
- Department of Linguistics and Human Sciences, Begum Nusrat Bhutto Women University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan;
| | - Faisal Rehman
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of EME, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi 43701, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Ayaz Ali Memon
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry (NCEAC), University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76060, Sindh, Pakistan; (I.M.); (A.A.M.)
| | - Khalid Hussain Thebo
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Advanced Micro Mechatronics Lab., Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (K.H.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gravity-Based Flow Efficient Perfusion Culture System for Spheroids Mimicking Liver Inflammation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101369. [PMID: 34680487 PMCID: PMC8533112 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spheroid culture system provides an efficient method to emulate organ-specific pathophysiology, overcoming the traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture limitations. The intervention of microfluidics in the spheroid culture platform has the potential to enhance the capacity of in vitro microphysiological tissues for disease modeling. Conventionally, spheroid culture is carried out in static conditions, making the media nutrient-deficient around the spheroid periphery. The current approach tries to enhance the capacity of the spheroid culture platform by integrating the perfusion channel for dynamic culture conditions. A pro-inflammatory hepatic model was emulated using a coculture of HepG2 cell line, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells for validating the spheroid culture plate with a perfusable channel across the spheroid well. Enhanced proliferation and metabolic capacity of the microphysiological model were observed and further validated by metabolic assays. A comparative analysis of static and dynamic conditions validated the advantage of spheroid culture with dynamic media flow. Hepatic spheroids were found to have improved proliferation in dynamic flow conditions as compared to the static culture platform. The perfusable culture system for spheroids is more physiologically relevant as compared to the static spheroid culture system for disease and drug analysis.
Collapse
|