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Stocco E, Barbon S, Emmi A, Tiengo C, De Caro R, Macchi V, Porzionato A. Commentary: Techniques and graft materials for repairing peripheral nerve defects. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1420324. [PMID: 38974681 PMCID: PMC11224285 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1420324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
| | - Aron Emmi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling, Onlus, Padova, Italy
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Ramasubbu K, Venkatraman G, Ramanathan G, Dhanasekar S, Rajeswari VD. Molecular and cellular signalling pathways for promoting neural tissue growth - A tissue engineering approach. Life Sci 2024; 346:122640. [PMID: 38614302 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering is a sub-field of tissue engineering that develops neural tissue. Damaged central and peripheral nervous tissue can be fabricated with a suitable scaffold printed with biomaterials. These scaffolds promote cell growth, development, and migration, yet they vary according to the biomaterial and scaffold printing technique, which determine the physical and biochemical properties. The physical and biochemical properties of scaffolds stimulate diverse signalling pathways, such as Wnt, NOTCH, Hedgehog, and ion channels- mediated pathways to promote neuron migration, elongation and migration. However, neurotransmitters like dopamine, acetylcholine, gamma amino butyric acid, and other signalling molecules are critical in neural tissue engineering to tissue fabrication. Thus, this review focuses on neural tissue regeneration with a tissue engineering approach highlighting the signalling pathways. Further, it explores the interaction of the scaffolds with the signalling pathways for generating neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanagavalli Ramasubbu
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganesh Venkatraman
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ganasambanthan Ramanathan
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivaraman Dhanasekar
- Department of Biotechnology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar 382007, Gujarat, India
| | - V Devi Rajeswari
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology-, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Faccio D, Petrelli L, Incendi D, Zamuner A, De Rose E, Confalonieri M, Tolomei F, Todros S, Tiengo C, Macchi V, Dettin M, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Development and preclinical evaluation of bioactive nerve conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration: A comparative study. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100761. [PMID: 37600351 PMCID: PMC10433238 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In severe peripheral nerve injuries, nerve conduits (NCs) are good alternatives to autografts/allografts; however, the results the available devices guarantee for are still not fully satisfactory. Herein, differently bioactivated NCs based on the new polymer oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) are compared in a rat model of sciatic nerve neurotmesis (gap: 5 mm; end point: 6 weeks). Thirty Sprague Dawley rats are randomized to 6 groups: Reverse Autograft (RA); Reaxon®; OxPVA; OxPVA + EAK (self-assembling peptide, mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR (mechanical incorporation); OxPVA + Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) (adsorption). Preliminarily, all OxPVA-based devices are comparable with Reaxon® in Sciatic Functional Index score and gait analysis; moreover, all conduits sustain nerve regeneration (S100, β-tubulin) without showing substantial inflammation (CD3, F4/80) evidences. Following morphometric analyses, OxPVA confirms its potential in PNI repair (comparable with Reaxon®) whereas OxPVA + EAK-YIGSR stands out for its myelinated axons total number and density, revealing promising in injury recovery and for future application in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Science and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Faccio
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiana Incendi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Padova, Via Francesco Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico De Rose
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Confalonieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tolomei
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6/a, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Via Aristide Gabelli 65, 35127, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, Via Nicolò Giustiniani 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Stocco E, Barbon S, Emmi A, Tiengo C, Macchi V, De Caro R, Porzionato A. Bridging Gaps in Peripheral Nerves: From Current Strategies to Future Perspectives in Conduit Design. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119170. [PMID: 37298122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) with substance loss, where tensionless end-to-end suture is not achievable, the positioning of a graft is required. Available options include autografts (e.g., sural nerve, medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves, superficial branch of the radial nerve), allografts (Avance®; human origin), and hollow nerve conduits. There are eleven commercial hollow conduits approved for clinical, and they consist of devices made of a non-biodegradable synthetic polymer (polyvinyl alcohol), biodegradable synthetic polymers (poly(DL-lactide-ε-caprolactone); polyglycolic acid), and biodegradable natural polymers (collagen type I with/without glycosaminoglycan; chitosan; porcine small intestinal submucosa); different resorption times are available for resorbable guides, ranging from three months to four years. Unfortunately, anatomical/functional nerve regeneration requirements are not satisfied by any of the possible alternatives; to date, focusing on wall and/or inner lumen organization/functionalization seems to be the most promising strategy for next-generation device fabrication. Porous or grooved walls as well as multichannel lumens and luminal fillers are the most intriguing options, eventually also including the addition of cells (Schwann cells, bone marrow-derived, and adipose tissue derived stem cells) to support nerve regeneration. This review aims to describe common alternatives for severe PNI recovery with a highlight of future conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padova University Hospital, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling-TES, Onlus, 35030 Padova, Italy
| | - Aron Emmi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Tiengo
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Development of Two-Layer Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Oxidized Polyvinyl Alcohol and Bioactivated Chitosan Sponges for Tissue Engineering Purposes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012059. [PMID: 36292917 PMCID: PMC9603651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidized polyvinyl alcohol (OxPVA) is a new polymer for the fabrication of nerve conduits (NCs). Looking for OxPVA device optimization and coupling it with a natural sheath may boost bioactivity. Thus, OxPVA/chitosan sponges (ChS) as hybrid scaffolds were investigated to predict in the vivo behaviour of two-layered NCs. To encourage interaction with cells, ChS were functionalized with the self-assembling-peptide (SAP) EAK, without/with the laminin-derived sequences -IKVAV/-YIGSR. Thus, ChS and the hybrid scaffolds were characterized for mechanical properties, ultrastructure (Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM), bioactivity, and biocompatibility. Regarding mechanical analysis, the peptide-free ChS showed the highest values of compressive modulus and maximum stress. However, among +EAK groups, ChS+EAK showed a significantly higher maximum stress than that found for ChS+EAK-IKVAV and ChS+EAK-YIGSR. Considering ultrastructure, microporous interconnections were tighter in both the OxPVA/ChS and +EAK groups than in the others; all the scaffolds induced SH-SY5Y cells’ adhesion/proliferation, with significant differences from day 7 and a higher total cell number for OxPVA/ChS+EAK scaffolds, in accordance with SEM. The scaffolds elicited only a slight inflammation after 14 days of subcutaneous implantation in Balb/c mice, proving biocompatibility. ChS porosity, EAK 3D features and neuro-friendly attitude (shared with IKVAV/YIGSR motifs) may confer to OxPVA certain bioactivity, laying the basis for future appealing NCs.
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Barbon S, Biccari A, Stocco E, Capovilla G, D’Angelo E, Todesco M, Sandrin D, Bagno A, Romanato F, Macchi V, De Caro R, Agostini M, Merigliano S, Valmasoni M, Porzionato A. Bio-Engineered Scaffolds Derived from Decellularized Human Esophagus for Functional Organ Reconstruction. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192945. [PMID: 36230907 PMCID: PMC9563623 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal reconstruction through bio-engineered allografts that highly resemble the peculiar properties of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM) is a prospective strategy to overcome the limitations of current surgical approaches. In this work, human esophagus was decellularized for the first time in the literature by comparing three detergent-enzymatic protocols. After decellularization, residual DNA quantification and histological analyses showed that all protocols efficiently removed cells, DNA (<50 ng/mg of tissue) and muscle fibers, preserving collagen/elastin components. The glycosaminoglycan fraction was maintained (70–98%) in the decellularized versus native tissues, while immunohistochemistry showed unchanged expression of specific ECM markers (collagen IV, laminin). The proteomic signature of acellular esophagi corroborated the retention of structural collagens, basement membrane and matrix–cell interaction proteins. Conversely, decellularization led to the loss of HLA-DR expression, producing non-immunogenic allografts. According to hydroxyproline quantification, matrix collagen was preserved (2–6 µg/mg of tissue) after decellularization, while Second-Harmonic Generation imaging highlighted a decrease in collagen intensity. Based on uniaxial tensile tests, decellularization affected tissue stiffness, but sample integrity/manipulability was still maintained. Finally, the cytotoxicity test revealed that no harmful remnants/contaminants were present on acellular esophageal matrices, suggesting allograft biosafety. Despite the different outcomes showed by the three decellularization methods (regarding, for example, tissue manipulability, DNA removal, and glycosaminoglycans/hydroxyproline contents) the ultimate validation should be provided by future repopulation tests and in vivo orthotopic implant of esophageal scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Barbon
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Biccari
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Stocco
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Capovilla
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo D’Angelo
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Todesco
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Deborah Sandrin
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Bagno
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei”, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Agostini
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-96-40-160
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Michele Valmasoni
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Foundation for Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Tissue Engineering and Signaling—TES, Onlus, 35136 Padova, Italy
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Membrane Progesterone Receptor α (mPRα/PAQR7) Promotes Survival and Neurite Outgrowth of Human Neuronal Cells by a Direct Action and Through Schwann Cell-like Stem Cells. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:2067-2080. [PMID: 35974286 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02057-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα/PAQR7) promotes pro-regenerative effects in Schwann cell-like adipose stem cells (SCL-ASC), an alternative model to Schwann cells for the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, we investigated how mPRα activation with the mPR-specific agonist Org OD 02-0 in SCL-ASC affected regenerative parameters in two neuronal cell lines, IMR-32 and SH-SY-5Y. In a series of conditioned medium experiments, we found that mPR activation of SCL-ASC led to increased neurite outgrowth, protection from cell death and increased expression of peripheral nerve regeneration markers (CREB3, ATF3, GAP43) in neuronal cell lines. These effects were stronger than the ones observed with the conditioned medium from untreated SCL-ASC. The addition of Org OD 02-0 to the untreated cell medium mimicked the effects of mPR activation of SCL-ASC on cell death, but not on neurite outgrowth. Therefore, the effect of Org OD 02-0 on neurite outgrowth is SCL-ASC-dependent, while its effect on cell survivability is likely due to the direct activation of mPRs on neuronal cells. SCL-ASC transfection with mPRα siRNA showed that this isoform is responsible for the beneficial effect on neurite outgrowth. Further experiments showed that SCL-ASC-dependent outcomes likely involved the release of BDNF and IGF-2 from these cells. The beneficial mPRα effect on neurite outgrowth was confirmed in co-culture conditions. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that mPRα could play a pro-regenerative role in SCL-ASC and be a therapeutic target for the promotion of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Camponogara F, Zanotti F, Trentini M, Tiengo E, Zanolla I, Pishavar E, Soliani E, Scatto M, Gargiulo P, Zambito Y, De Luca S, Ferroni L, Zavan B. Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine in Italy: Brief State of the Art of the Principal Research Centers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158245. [PMID: 35897825 PMCID: PMC9368060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that effectively uses stem cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies to guide the healing or replacement of damaged tissues or organs. A crucial element is undoubtedly the biomaterial that guides biological events to restore tissue continuity. The polymers, natural or synthetic, find wide application thanks to their great adaptability. In fact, they can be used as principal components, coatings or vehicles to functionalize several biomaterials. There are many leading centers for the research and development of biomaterials in Italy. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current state of the art on polymer research for regenerative medicine purposes. The last five years of scientific production of the main Italian research centers has been screened to analyze the current advancement in tissue engineering in order to highlight inputs for the development of novel biomaterials and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Camponogara
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Federica Zanotti
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Martina Trentini
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Tiengo
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Ilaria Zanolla
- Medical Sciences Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Elham Pishavar
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisa Soliani
- Bioengineering Department, Imperial College London, London SW7 2BX, UK;
| | - Marco Scatto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Reykjavík University, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland;
- Department of Science, Landspítali, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ylenia Zambito
- Chemical Department, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Stefano De Luca
- Unit of Naples, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Letizia Ferroni
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Italy;
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Translational Medicine Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (F.C.); (F.Z.); (M.T.); (E.T.); (E.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Mu X, Liu H, Yang S, Li Y, Xiang L, Hu M, Wang X. Chitosan Tubes Inoculated with Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Stem Cell Factor Enhance Facial Nerve-Vascularized Regeneration in Rabbits. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:18509-18520. [PMID: 35694480 PMCID: PMC9178771 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Facial nerve injury is a common clinical condition that leads to disfigurement and emotional distress in the affected individuals, and the recovery presents clinical challenges. Tissue engineering is the standard method to repair nerve defects. However, nerve regeneration is still not satisfactory because of poor neovascularization after implantation, especially for the long-segment nerve defects. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the potential of chitosan tubes inoculated with stem cell factor (SCF) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in facial nerve-vascularized regeneration. In the in vitro experiment, DPSCs were isolated, cultured, and then identified. The optimal concentration of SCF was screened by CCK8. Cytoskeleton and living-cell staining, migration, CCK8 test, and neural differentiation assays were performed, revealing that SCF promoted the biological activity of DPSCs. Surprisingly, SCF increased the neural differentiation of DPSCs. The migration and angiogenesis experiments were carried out to show that SCF promoted the angiogenesis and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In the facial nerve, 7 mm defects of New Zealand white rabbits, hematoxylin-eosin (HE), immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining, and transmission electron microscopy observation were performed at 12 weeks postsurgery to show more nerve fibers and better myelin sheath in the SCF + DPSC group. In addition, the whisker movements, Masson's staining, and western blot assays were performed, demonstrating functional repair and that the expression level of CD31 protein in the group SCF + DPSCs was relatively close to that in the group Autograft. In summary, chitosan tubes inoculated with SCF and DPSCs increased neurovascularization and provided an effective method for repairing facial nerve defects, indicating great promise for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Mu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shuhui Yang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New
Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department
of Stomotology, The First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New
Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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