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Dima O, Didilescu AC, Manole CC, Pameijer C, Călin C. Synthetic composites versus calcium phosphate cements in bone regeneration: A narrative review. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152273. [PMID: 38754741 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND When the natural process of bone remodeling is disturbed, the need arises for a stimulant material in order to enhance the formation of a new healthy and strong osseous tissue to replace the damaged one. Recent studies have reported synthetic biomaterials to be a very good option for supporting bone regeneration. STUDY DESIGN Narrative review. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a brief presentation of two of the most recently developed synthetic biomaterials, i.e. calcium phosphate cements and synthetic composites, that are currently being used in bone regeneration with promising results. METHODS Literature searches using broad terms such as "bone regeneration," "biomaterials," "synthetic composites" and "calcium phosphate cements" were performed using PubMed. The osteal cells state of the art was explored by searching topic-specific full text keywords using Google Scholar. CONCLUSIONS Synthetic polymers such as PCL (poly-ε-caprolactone) and PLGA (poly lactic-co-glycolic acid) can improve the effectiveness of biomaterials like HA (hydroxyapatite) and BG (bioglass). Calcium phosphate, although being a suitable material for stimulating bone regeneration, needs an adjuvant in order to be effective in larger bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Dima
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Claudiu Constantin Manole
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cornelis Pameijer
- Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, USA
| | - Claudiu Călin
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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De Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Perez-Exposito RE, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Diaz R, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Lopez-Gonzalez L, Álvarez-Mon M, Saz JV, de la Torre B, Ortega MA. Advanced Hydrogel-Based Strategies for Enhanced Bone and Cartilage Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review. Gels 2023; 9:885. [PMID: 37998975 PMCID: PMC10670584 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone and cartilage tissue play multiple roles in the organism, including kinematic support, protection of organs, and hematopoiesis. Bone and, above all, cartilaginous tissues present an inherently limited capacity for self-regeneration. The increasing prevalence of disorders affecting these crucial tissues, such as bone fractures, bone metastases, osteoporosis, or osteoarthritis, underscores the urgent imperative to investigate therapeutic strategies capable of effectively addressing the challenges associated with their degeneration and damage. In this context, the emerging field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) has made important contributions through the development of advanced hydrogels. These crosslinked three-dimensional networks can retain substantial amounts of water, thus mimicking the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Hydrogels exhibit exceptional biocompatibility, customizable mechanical properties, and the ability to encapsulate bioactive molecules and cells. In addition, they can be meticulously tailored to the specific needs of each patient, providing a promising alternative to conventional surgical procedures and reducing the risk of subsequent adverse reactions. However, some issues need to be addressed, such as lack of mechanical strength, inconsistent properties, and low-cell viability. This review describes the structure and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Then, we present an overview of hydrogels, including their classification, synthesis, and biomedical applications. Following this, we review the most relevant and recent advanced hydrogels in TERM for bone and cartilage tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego De Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Roque Emilio Perez-Exposito
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Service of Traumatology of University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Raul Diaz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Jose V. Saz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Basilio de la Torre
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
- Service of Traumatology of University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain; (D.D.L.-O.); (D.L.B.); (R.E.P.-E.); (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.); (L.L.-G.); (M.Á.-M.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain; (R.D.); (J.V.S.); (B.d.l.T.)
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Vafa E, Tayebi L, Abbasi M, Azizli MJ, Bazargan-Lari R, Talaiekhozani A, Zareshahrabadi Z, Vaez A, Amani AM, Kamyab H, Chelliapan S. A better roadmap for designing novel bioactive glasses: effective approaches for the development of innovative revolutionary bioglasses for future biomedical applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:116960-116983. [PMID: 36456674 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of bioactive glasses (BGs) precipitated a paradigm shift in the medical industry and opened the path for the development of contemporary regenerative medicine driven by biomaterials. This composition can bond to live bone and can induce osteogenesis by the release of physiologically active ions. 45S5 BG products have been transplanted effectively into millions of patients around the world, primarily to repair bone and dental defects. Over the years, many other BG compositions have been introduced as innovative biomaterials for repairing soft tissue and delivering drugs. When research first started, many of the accomplishments that have been made today were unimaginable. It appears that the true capacity of BGs has not yet been realized. Because of this, research involving BGs is extremely fascinating. However, to be successful, it requires interdisciplinary cooperation between physicians, glass chemists, and bioengineers. The present paper gives a picture of the existing clinical uses of BGs and illustrates key difficulties deserving to be faced in the future. The challenges range from the potential for BGs to be used in a wide variety of applications. We have high hopes that this paper will be of use to both novice researchers, who are just beginning their journey into the world of BGs, as well as seasoned scientists, in that it will promote conversation regarding potential additional investigation and lead to the discovery of innovative medical applications for BGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Vafa
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Milad Abbasi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Azizli
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Rasht Branch, Iran
| | - Reza Bazargan-Lari
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Amirreza Talaiekhozani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jami Institute of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
- Alavi Educational and Cultural Complex, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vaez
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohamad Amani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India, Chennai, India
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Emadi H, Karevan M, Masoudi Rad M, Sadeghzade S, Pahlevanzadeh F, Khodaei M, Khayatzadeh S, Lotfian S. Bioactive and Biodegradable Polycaprolactone-Based Nanocomposite for Bone Repair Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3617. [PMID: 37688243 PMCID: PMC10490551 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between the structure and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposites reinforced with baghdadite, a newly introduced bioactive agent. The baghdadite nanoparticles were synthesised using the sol-gel method and incorporated into PCL films using the solvent casting technique. The results showed that adding baghdadite to PCL improved the nanocomposites' tensile strength and elastic modulus, consistent with the results obtained from the prediction models of mechanical properties. The tensile strength increased from 16 to 21 MPa, and the elastic modulus enhanced from 149 to 194 MPa with fillers compared to test specimens without fillers. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were also improved, with the degradation temperature increasing from 388 °C to 402 °C when 10% baghdadite was added to PCL. Furthermore, it was found that the nanocomposites containing baghdadite showed an apatite-like layer on their surfaces when exposed to simulated body solution (SBF) for 28 days, especially in the film containing 20% nanoparticles (PB20), which exhibited higher apatite density. The addition of baghdadite nanoparticles into pure PCL also improved the viability of MG63 cells, increasing the viability percentage on day five from 103 in PCL to 136 in PB20. Additionally, PB20 showed a favourable degradation rate in PBS solution, increasing mass loss from 2.63 to 4.08 per cent over four weeks. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the structure-property relationships of biodegradable-bioactive nanocomposites, particularly those reinforced with new bioactive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosein Emadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14176-14411, Iran
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Karevan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Maryam Masoudi Rad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Sorour Sadeghzade
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Farnoosh Pahlevanzadeh
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Khodaei
- Materials Engineering Group, Golpayegan College of Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran;
| | - Saber Khayatzadeh
- Department of Design and Mathematics, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Saeid Lotfian
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
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5
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Rifai A, Weerasinghe DK, Tilaye GA, Nisbet D, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Samarasinghe RM, Williams RJ. Biofabrication of functional bone tissue: defining tissue-engineered scaffolds from nature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1185841. [PMID: 37614632 PMCID: PMC10444209 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1185841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to bone leads to pain and loss of movement in the musculoskeletal system. Although bone can regenerate, sometimes it is damaged beyond its innate capacity. Research interest is increasingly turning to tissue engineering (TE) processes to provide a clinical solution for bone defects. Despite the increasing biomimicry of tissue-engineered scaffolds, significant gaps remain in creating the complex bone substitutes, which include the biochemical and physical conditions required to recapitulate bone cells' natural growth, differentiation and maturation. Combining advanced biomaterials with new additive manufacturing technologies allows the development of 3D tissue, capable of forming cell aggregates and organoids based on natural and stimulated cues. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and mechanical properties of natural bone, the role of bone cells, the remodelling process, cytokines and signalling pathways, causes of bone defects and typical treatments and new TE strategies. We highlight processes of selecting biomaterials, cells and growth factors. Finally, we discuss innovative tissue-engineered models that have physiological and anatomical relevance for cancer treatments, injectable stimuli gels, and other therapeutic drug delivery systems. We also review current challenges and prospects of bone TE. Overall, this review serves as guide to understand and develop better tissue-engineered bone designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaqil Rifai
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - D. Kavindi Weerasinghe
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gebreselassie Addisu Tilaye
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Hodge
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J. Williams
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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The mechanical and thermal properties of natural rubber/zinc methacrylate composites by latex compounding techniques. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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7
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Kumawat VS, Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh S, Ghosh SB. An overview of translational research in bone graft biomaterials. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2023; 34:497-540. [PMID: 36124544 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2127143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural bone healing is often inadequate to treat fractures with critical size bone defects and massive bone loss. Immediate surgical interventions through bone grafts have been found to be essential on such occasions. Naturally harvested bone grafts, although are the preferred choice of the surgeons; they suffer from serious clinical limitations, including disease transmission, donor site morbidity, limited supply of graft etc. Synthetic bone grafts, on the other hand, offer a more clinically appealing approach to decode the pathways of bone repair through use of tissue engineered biomaterials. This article critically retrospects the translational research on various engineered biomaterials towards bringing transformative changes in orthopaedic healthcare. The first section of the article discusses about composition and ultrastructure of bone along with the global perspectives on statistical escalation of bone fracture surgeries requiring use of bone grafts. The next section reviews the types, benefits and challenges of various natural and synthetic bone grafts. An overview of clinically relevant biomaterials from traditionally used metallic, bioceramic, and biopolymeric biomaterials to new generation composites have been summarised. Finally, this narrative review concludes with the discussion on the emerging trends and future perspectives of the promising bone grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Shankar Kumawat
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subrata Bandhu Ghosh
- Engineered Biomedical Materials Research and Innovation Centre (EnBioMatRIC), Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Toader AG, Vlasceanu GM, Serafim A, Banciu A, Ionita M. Double-Reinforced Fish Gelatin Composite Scaffolds for Osteochondral Substitutes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1815. [PMID: 36902932 PMCID: PMC10003955 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Genipin crosslinked composite blends of fish gelatin/kappa-carrageenan (fG/κC) with different concentrations of graphene oxide (GO) for osteochondral substitutes were prepared by a simple solution-blending method. The resulting structures were examined by micro-computer tomography, swelling studies, enzymatic degradations, compressions tests, MTT, LDH, and LIVE/DEAD assays. The derived findings revealed that genipin crosslinked fG/κC blends reinforced with GO have a homogenous morphology with ideal pore dimensions of 200-500 µm for bones alternative. GO additivation with a concentration above 1.25% increased the blends' fluid absorption. The full degradation of the blends occurs in 10 days and the gel fraction stability increases with GO concentration. The blend compression modules decrease at first until fG/κC GO3, which has the least elastic behavior, then by raising the GO concentration the blends start to regain elasticity. The MC3T3-E1 cell viability reveals less viable cells with the increase of GO concentration. The LDH together with the LIVE/DEAD assays reports a high concentration of live and healthy cells in all types of composite blends and very few dead cells at the higher GO content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Georgian Toader
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George Mihail Vlasceanu
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrada Serafim
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adela Banciu
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Ionita
- Advanced Polymer Materials Group, Department of Bioresources and Polymer Science, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Medical Engineering, University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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Promotion of In Vitro Osteogenic Activity by Melt Extrusion-Based PLLA/PCL/PHBV Scaffolds Enriched with Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Strontium Substituted Nano-Hydroxyapatite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15041052. [PMID: 36850334 PMCID: PMC9964080 DOI: 10.3390/polym15041052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome the limitations of current treatments for bone-related disorders, but the trade-off between mechanical properties and bioactivity remains a concern for many polymeric materials. To address this need, novel polymeric blends of poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) have been explored. Blend filaments comprising PLLA/PCL/PHBV at a ratio of 90/5/5 wt% have been prepared using twin-screw extrusion. The PLLA/PCL/PHBV blends were enriched with nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) and strontium-substituted nano-HA (Sr-nano-HA) to produce composite filaments. Three-dimensional scaffolds were printed by fused deposition modelling from PLLA/PCL/PHBV blend and composite filaments and evaluated mechanically and biologically for their capacity to support bone formation in vitro. The composite scaffolds had a mean porosity of 40%, mean pores of 800 µm, and an average compressive modulus of 32 MPa. Polymer blend and enriched scaffolds supported cell attachment and proliferation. The alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium production were significantly higher in composite scaffolds compared to the blends. These findings demonstrate that thermoplastic polyesters (PLLA and PCL) can be combined with polymers produced via a bacterial route (PHBV) to produce polymer blends with excellent biocompatibility, providing additional options for polymer blend optimization. The enrichment of the blend with nano-HA and Sr-nano-HA powders enhanced the osteogenic potential in vitro.
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Chen H, Yu F, Wang B, Zhao C, Chen X, Nsengiyumva W, Zhong S. Elastic Fibre Prestressing Mechanics within a Polymeric Matrix Composite. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020431. [PMID: 36679310 PMCID: PMC9866914 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The elastic fibre prestressing (EFP) technique has been developed to balance the thermal residual stress generated during curing of a polymeric composite. The continuous fibre reinforcements are prestressed and then impregnated into a polymeric matrix, where the prestress load is only removed after the resin is fully cured in order to produce an elastically prestressed polymeric matrix composite (EPPMC). Although the EFP is active in improving the static mechanical performance of a composite, its mechanics on dynamic mechanical performance and viscoelasticity of a composite is still limited. Here, we established a theoretical model in order to decouple the EFP principle, aiming to better analyse the underlying mechanics. A bespoke fibre prestressing rig was then developed to apply tension on a unidirectional carbon-fibre-reinforced epoxy prepreg to produce EPPMC samples with various EFP levels. The effects of EFP were then investigated by carrying out both static and dynamic mechanical testing, as well as the viscoelastic creep performance. It was found that there is an optimal level of EFP in order to maximise the prestress benefits, whilst the EFP is detrimental to the fibre/matrix interface. The EFP mechanisms are then proposed based on these observations to reveal the in-plane stress evolutions within a polymeric composite.
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Calcium Phosphates-Chitosan Composite Layers Obtained by Combining Radio-Frequency Magnetron Sputtering and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235241. [PMID: 36501635 PMCID: PMC9738455 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of calcium phosphate-chitosan composite layers. Calcium phosphate layers were deposited on titanium substrates by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique by varying the substrate temperature from room temperature (25 °C) up to 100 and 300 °C. Further, chitosan was deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation technique on the calcium phosphate layers. The temperature at the substrate during the deposition process of calcium phosphate layers plays an important role in the embedding of chitosan, as scanning electron microscopy analysis showed. The degree of chitosan incorporation into the calcium phosphate layers significantly influence the physico-chemical properties and the adherence strength of the resulted layers to the substrates. For example, the decreases of Ca/P ratio at the addition of chitosan suggests that a calcium deficient hydroxyapatite structure is formed when the CaP layers are generated on Ti substrates kept at room temperature during the deposition process. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of the samples suggest that the PO43-/CO32- substitution is possible. The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that the crystalline structure of the calcium phosphate layers obtained at the 300 °C substrate temperature is disturbed by the addition of chitosan. The adherence strength of the composite layers to the titanium substrates is diminished after the chitosan deposition. However, no complete exfoliation of the layers was observed.
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Applications of Biotechnology to the Craniofacial Complex: A Critical Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110640. [DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Biotechnology shows a promising future in bridging the gap between biomedical basic sciences and clinical craniofacial practice. The purpose of the present review is to investigate the applications of biotechnology in the craniofacial complex. Methods: This critical review was conducted by using the following keywords in the search strategy: “biotechnology”, “bioengineering”, “craniofacial”, “stem cells”, “scaffolds”, “biomarkers”, and ”tissue regeneration”. The databases used for the electronic search were the Cochrane Library, Medline (PubMed), and Scopus. The search was conducted for studies published before June 2022. Results: The applications of biotechnology are numerous and provide clinicians with the great benefit of understanding the etiology of dentofacial deformities, as well as treating the defected areas. Research has been focused on craniofacial tissue regeneration with the use of stem cells and scaffolds, as well as in bioinformatics with the investigation of growth factors and biomarkers capable of providing evidence for craniofacial growth and development. This review presents the biotechnological opportunities in the fields related to the craniofacial complex and attempts to answer a series of questions that may be of interest to the reader. Conclusions: Biotechnology seems to offer a bright future ahead, improving and modernizing the clinical management of cranio-dento-facial diseases. Extensive research is needed as human studies on this subject are few and have controversial results.
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Biswas S, Melton LD, Nelson ARJ, Le Brun AP, Heinrich F, McGillivray DJ, Xu AY. The Assembly Mechanism and Mesoscale Architecture of Protein-Polysaccharide Complexes Formed at the Solid-liquid Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12551-12561. [PMID: 36194692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein-polysaccharide composite materials have generated much interest due to their potential use in medical science and biotechnology. A comprehensive understanding of the assembly mechanism and the mesoscale architecture is needed for fabricating protein-polysaccharide composite materials with desired properties. In this study, complex assemblies were built on silica surfaces through a layer-by-layer (LbL) approach using bovine beta-lactoglobulin variant A (βLgA) and pectin as model protein and polysaccharide, respectively. We demonstrated the combined use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and neutron reflectometry (NR) for elucidating the assembly mechanism as well as the internal architecture of the protein-polysaccharide complexes formed at the solid-liquid interface. Our results show that βLgA and pectin interacted with each other and formed a cohesive matrix structure at the interface consisting of intertwined pectin chains that were cross-linked by βLgA-rich domains. Although the complexes were fabricated in an LbL fashion, the complexes appeared to be relatively homogeneous with βLgA and pectin molecules spatially distributed within the matrix structure. Our results also demonstrate that the density of βLgA-pectin complex assemblies increased with both the overall and local charge density of pectin molecules. Therefore, the physical properties of the protein-polysaccharide matrix structure, including density and level of hydration, can be tuned by using polysaccharides with varying charge patterns, thus promoting the development of composite materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R J Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Anton P Le Brun
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, ANSTO, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales2232, Australia
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania15213, United States
- NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Mail Stop 6102, Gaithersburg, Maryland20899, United States
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland1142, New Zealand
| | - Amy Y Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana70803, United States
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Głąb M, Drabczyk A, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Kędzierska M, Tomala A, Sobczak-Kupiec A, Mierzwiński D, Tyliszczak B. Investigations on the Influence of Collagen Type on Physicochemical Properties of PVP/PVA Composites Enriched with Hydroxyapatite Developed for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:37. [PMID: 35009185 PMCID: PMC8746018 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, a great attention is directed into development of innovative multifunctional composites which may support bone tissue regeneration. This may be achieved by combining collagen and hydroxyapatite showing bioactivity, osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity with such biocompatible polymers as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Here PVA/PVP-based composites modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp, 10 wt.%) and collagen (30 wt.%) were obtained via UV radiation while two types of collagen were used (fish and bovine) and crosslinking agents differing in the average molecular weight. Next, their chemical structure was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, roughness of their surfaces was determined using a stylus contact profilometer while their wettability was evaluated by a sessile drop method followed by the measurements of their surface free energy. Subsequently, swelling properties of composites were verified in simulated physiological liquids as well as the behavior of composites in these liquids by pH measurements. It was proved that collagen-modified composites showed higher swelling ability (even 25% more) compared to unmodified ones, surface roughness, biocompatibility towards simulated physiological liquids and hydrophilicity (contact angles lower than 90°). Considering physicochemical properties of developed materials and a possibility of the preparation of their various shapes and sizes, it may be concluded that developed materials showed great application potential for biomedical use, e.g., as materials filling bone defects supporting their treatments and promoting bone tissue regeneration due to the presence of hydroxyapatite with osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Głąb
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Anna Drabczyk
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Magdalena Kędzierska
- Department of Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, WWCOiT Copernicus Hospital, 90-001 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Tomala
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Dariusz Mierzwiński
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
| | - Bożena Tyliszczak
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland; (A.T.); (A.S.-K.); (D.M.); (B.T.)
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