|
1
|
Rossi L, Wechsler L, Peltzer MA, Ciannamea EM, Ruseckaite RA, Stefani PM. Sustainable Particleboards Based on Brewer's Spent Grains. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:59. [PMID: 38201724 PMCID: PMC10780620 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main solid waste generated in beer production and primarily consists of barley malt husks. Based on the active promotion of circular economy practices aimed at recycling food industry by-products, this study assessed for the first time the production of particleboards based on BSG as the sole source of lignocellulosic material and natural adhesive without the use of additives or other substrates. In order to achieve particleboards from entirely sustainable sources, BSG particles have to self-bind by thermo-compression with water. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of pressing temperatures and particle size on properties such as modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, internal bond, thickness swelling, and water absorption. The performance of binderless boards was compared with that of a control panel (control) using BSG combined with phenolic resin. Processing conditions were selected to produce boards with a target density of 1000 kg/m³ and a thickness of 5 mm. To confirm the efficiency of the self-adhesion process, scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the boards. The processes of self-adhesion and particle-to-particle contact were facilitated at a pressing temperature of 170 °C and a particle size range of 200-2380 µm (ground BSG), resulting in improved flexural properties and enhanced water resistance. The properties of BSG-based binderless boards were comparable to those reported for other biomass residues, suggesting that they might be used in non-structural applications, such as interior decoration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Lucia Wechsler
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Mercedes A. Peltzer
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina;
| | - Emiliano M. Ciannamea
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Roxana A. Ruseckaite
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| | - Pablo M. Stefani
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP), Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7600FDQ, Argentina; (L.R.); (L.W.); (E.M.C.); (R.A.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Ninsuwan K, Nimnuan J, Watcharakitti J, Siriwong C, Amornsakchai T, Smith SM. Antifungal Activity of Water-Based Adhesives Derived from Pineapple Stem Flour with Apple Cider Vinegar as an Additive. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071735. [PMID: 37050349 PMCID: PMC10097009 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a byproduct of bromelain extraction procedures, pineapple stem flour is underutilized. Since water glues derived from gelatinization typically have poor mold resistance, this study aims to produce flour-based value-added products, such as mold-resistant water-based adhesives. To address this issue, this study explored the use of apple cider vinegar (ACV) as a low-cost, non-toxic, commercially available antifungal agent to improve the mold resistance of adhesives. Furthermore, laurate flour was produced via a transesterification of the flour and methyl laurate using a K2CO3 catalyst. Both the unmodified flour and the functionalized flour were employed to prepare water-based adhesives. For both flour systems, adding ACV at concentrations of at least 2.0% v/v enhanced the mold resistance of the adhesives and completely inhibited the development of A. niger mycelia for up to 90 days of storage. The adhesives made from the transesterified flour exhibited a higher shear strength for the paper bonding (ca. 8%) than the unmodified ones. Additionally, the ACV additive had no negative effects on the shear strengths of the water-based adhesives. All of the flour-based adhesives developed in this study had a higher shear strength for paper substrates than two locally available commercial water glues.
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Janceva S, Andersone A, Spulle U, Tupciauskas R, Papadopoulou E, Bikovens O, Andzs M, Zaharova N, Rieksts G, Telysheva G. Eco-Friendly Adhesives Based on the Oligomeric Condensed Tannins-Rich Extract from Alder Bark for Particleboard and Plywood Production. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113894. [PMID: 35683191 PMCID: PMC9182082 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Toxic formaldehyde emissions, and the necessity to reduce the consumption of petrochemicals, stimulates the development of environmentally friendly adhesives. The aim of this research was to study, for the first time, the possibility of using condensed tannins (CTs)-rich extracts from grey alder (Alnus incana) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa) bark in the production of particleboards and plywood adhesives. The chemical structure, composition, and molecular weight of the CTs were identified by a 13C-NMR and TOF-MS analysis. Three innovative adhesive systems were studied: CTs-phenol-formaldehyde (CTs-PF) resin; a CTs-polyethyleneimine (PEI) adhesive system; and CTs–PEI combined with an ultra-low emitting formaldehyde resin (ULEFR)—CTs–PEI–ULEFR. The results showed that CTs-PF resin has properties close to commercial PF resin, and the formaldehyde emission was twice lower. CTs–PEI bonded particleboards corresponded to the requirements of the EN 312:2010 standard for particleboards in dry conditions (Type P2). CTs–PEI–ULEFR, with a 40–60% substitution of ULEFR by CTs–PEI, had adhesive properties very close to ULEFR; the plywood shear strength fit the requirements of the EN 314-2:1993 standard for application in internal and external system conditions. The introduction of extracted alder bark residues microparticles into the composition of the adhesive system showed their positive potential for application as a filler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmite Janceva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Anna Andersone
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
- Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +371-2910-4319
| | - Uldis Spulle
- Department of Wood Processing, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Liela Street 2, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia;
| | - Ramunas Tupciauskas
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Electra Papadopoulou
- Chimar Hellas S.A., 15 km National Road Thessaloniki—Polygyros, 570 01 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Oskars Bikovens
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Martins Andzs
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Natalija Zaharova
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
- Ekokompozit Ltd., Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia
| | - Gints Rieksts
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
- The Institute of Physics, University of Latvia, Miera Street 32, LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Galina Telysheva
- Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes Street 27, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (S.J.); (R.T.); (O.B.); (M.A.); (N.Z.); (G.R.); (G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|