1
|
Saleem U, Khalid I, Hussain L, Alshammari A, Albekairi NA. Crosslinked PVA- g-poly(AMPS) Nanogels for Enhanced Solubility and Dissolution of Ticagrelor: Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicity Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:21401-21415. [PMID: 38764664 PMCID: PMC11097175 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized PVA-g-poly(AMPS) nanogels with the aim of enhancing the solubility and dissolution of ticagrelor (TGR). Ticagrelor, a noncompetitive, reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist, is prescribed to treat acute coronary syndrome. Ticagrelor has restricted oral bioavailability (≈36%) because of its poor solubility and permeability. The free radical polymerization methodology was employed to synthesize nanogels with varied concentrations of poly(vinyl alcohol) (polymer), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (monomer), and N,N-methylene bis(acrylamide) (crosslinker). The prepared nanogels were analyzed by swelling studies, % drug entrapment efficiency (DEE), solubility studies, in vitro drug release studies, zeta sizer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optimized formulation (PA5) revealed a particle size of 45.86 nm, with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.41 and a %DEE of 85.1%. FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM confirmed the formation of crosslinked nanogels with amorphous and porous structures, and TGA/DSC proved their thermal stability. In vitro dissolution studies showed 99.91% drug release, and the ticagrelor solubility from the synthesized formulations was significantly improved up to 8.2-fold. All formulations followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with the Fickian diffusion as the release mechanism. The toxicity studies carried out on rats and the MTT assay on the Caco-2 cell line validated the biocompatibility of the nanogel formulations. The outcomes of the current study led to the conclusion that the PVA-g-poly(AMPS) nanogels synthesized by us could be used as dedicated pharmaceutical delivery systems to achieve enhanced solubility and dissolution of ticagrelor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usman Saleem
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ikrima Khalid
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department
of Pharmacology, School of Medicine and Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hanzghou 310027, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Albekairi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Post Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chutoprapat R, Witarat J, Jongpanyangarm P, Mang Sung Thluai L, Khankaew P, Wah Chan L. Development of solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) containing asiatic acid for topical treatment of acne: Characterization, stability, in vitro and in vivo anti-acne assessment. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123980. [PMID: 38460769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) represent a promising approach for drug delivery in anti-acne applications. In this study, asiatic acid-loaded SLMs (AASLMs) were prepared by melt emulsification method in conjunction with freeze-drying. Comprehensive evaluations comprised particle size, %entrapment efficiency (%EE), %labeled amount (%LA), surface morphology, stability, %release, %skin permeation, and anti-acne activity. The AASLMs exhibited an average particle size ranging from 7.46 to 38.86 µm, with %EE and %LA falling within the range of 31.56 to 100.00 and 90.43 to 95.38, respectively. The AASLMs demonstrated a spherical shape under scanning electron microscopy, and maintained stability over a 3-month period. Notably, formulations with 10 % and 15 % cetyl alcohol stabilized with poloxamer-188 (specifically F6 and F12) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 75 mg/ml against Cutibacterium acnes. Furthermore, F12 exhibited a higher %release and %skin permeation compared to F6 over 24 h. In a single-blind clinical trial involving fifteen participants with mild-to-moderate acne, F12 showcased its potential not only in reducing porphyrin intensity and enhancing skin barriers but also in significantly improving skin hydration and brightness. However, further investigations with larger subject cohorts encompassing diverse age groups and genders are necessary to thoroughly establish the performance of the developed AASLMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romchat Chutoprapat
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Jatuporn Witarat
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panalee Jongpanyangarm
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lucy Mang Sung Thluai
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pichanon Khankaew
- Cosmetic Science Program, Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faustino C, Duarte N, Pinheiro L. Triterpenes Drug Delivery Systems, a Modern Approach for Arthritis Targeted Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:54. [PMID: 38256888 PMCID: PMC10819636 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a major cause of disability. Currently available anti-arthritic drugs, such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), have serious side-effects associated with long-term use. Triterpenoids are natural products with known anti-inflammatory properties, and many have revealed efficiency against arthritis both in vitro and in vivo in several animal models, with negligible cytotoxicity. However, poor bioavailability due to low water solubility and extensive metabolism upon oral administration hinder the therapeutic use of anti-arthritic triterpenoids. Therefore, drug delivery systems (DDSs) able to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of triterpenoids and achieve sustained drug release are useful alternatives for targeted delivery in arthritis treatment. Several DDSs have been described in the literature for triterpenoid delivery, including microparticulate and nanoparticulate DDSs, such as polymeric micro and nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric micelles, liposomes, micro and nanoemulsions, and hydrogels. These systems have shown superior therapeutic effects in arthritis compared to the free drugs and are similar to currently available anti-arthritic drugs without significant side-effects. This review focuses on nanocarriers for triterpenoid delivery in arthritis therapy, including osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout that appeared in the literature in the last ten years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noélia Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Lídia Pinheiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhang R, Yang H, Wang WJ, Zhao Y, He W, Qiu Z, Wang D, Xiong Y, Zhao Z, Tang BZ. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive and Cell Membrane Camouflaged Aggregation-Induced Emission Nanogels for Precise Chemo-photothermal Synergistic Therapy of Tumors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25205-25221. [PMID: 38091262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Targeted and controllable drug release at lesion sites with the aid of visual navigation in real-time is of great significance for precise theranostics of cancers. Benefiting from the marvelous features (e.g., bright emission and phototheranostic effects in aggregates) of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, constructing AIE-based multifunctional nanocarriers that act as all-arounders to integrate multimodalities for precise theranostics is highly desirable. Here, an intelligent nanoplatform (P-TN-Dox@CM) with homologous targeting, controllable drug release, and in vivo dual-modal imaging for precise chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy is proposed. AIE photothermic agent (TN) and anticancer drug (Dox) are encapsulated in thermo-/pH-responsive nanogels (PNA), and the tumor cell membranes are camouflaged onto the surface of nanogels. Active targeting can be realized through homologous effects derived from source tumor cell membranes, which advantageously elevates the specific drug delivery to tumor sites. After being engulfed into tumor cells, the nanogels exhibit a burst drug release at low pH. The near-infrared (NIR) photoinduced local hyperthermia can activate severe cytotoxicity and further accelerate drug release, thus generating enhanced synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy to thoroughly eradicate tumors. Moreover, P-TN-Dox@CM nanogels could achieve NIR-fluorescence/photothermal dual-modal imaging to monitor the dynamic distribution of therapeutics in real-time. This work highlights the great potential of smart P-TN-Dox@CM nanogels as a versatile nanoplatform to integrate multimodalities for precise chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy in combating cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liping Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Zaiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Rongyuan Zhang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Han Yang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jin Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Center for AIE Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHK-Shenzhen), Guangdong 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Myint SS, Laomeephol C, Thamnium S, Chamni S, Luckanagul JA. Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels: A Promising Platform for Therapeutic and Theranostic Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2671. [PMID: 38140012 PMCID: PMC10747897 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15122671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels are a versatile class of nanomaterials with specific properties, such as biocompatibility, hygroscopicity, and biodegradability. HA nanogels exhibit excellent colloidal stability and high encapsulation capacity, making them promising tools for a wide range of biomedical applications. HA nanogels can be fabricated using various methods, including polyelectrolyte complexation, self-assembly, and chemical crosslinking. The fabrication parameters can be tailored to control the physicochemical properties of HA nanogels, such as size, shape, surface charge, and porosity, enabling the rational design of HA nanogels for specific applications. Stimulus-responsive nanogels are a type of HA nanogels that can respond to external stimuli, such as pH, temperature, enzyme, and redox potential. This property allows the controlled release of encapsulated therapeutic agents in response to specific physiological conditions. HA nanogels can be engineered to encapsulate a variety of therapeutic agents, such as conventional drugs, genes, and proteins. They can then be delivered to target tissues with high efficiency. HA nanogels are still under development, but they have the potential to become powerful tools for a wide range of theranostic or solely therapeutic applications, including anticancer therapy, gene therapy, drug delivery, and bioimaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Sundee Myint
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.S.M.); (S.C.)
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chavee Laomeephol
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sirikool Thamnium
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Supakarn Chamni
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (S.S.M.); (S.C.)
- Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit (NP2), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Jittima Amie Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thamnium S, Laomeephol C, Pavasant P, Osathanon T, Tabata Y, Wang C, Luckanagul JA. Osteogenic induction of asiatic acid derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14102. [PMID: 37644086 PMCID: PMC10465493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) and asiaticoside, pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds derived from Centella asiatica, are known for their biological effects in promoting type I collagen synthesis and inducing osteogenesis of stem cells. However, their applications in regenerative medicine are limited due to their low potency and poor aqueous solubility. This work aimed to evaluate the osteogenic induction activity of AA derivatives in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) in vitro. Four compounds were synthesised, namely 501, 502, 503, and 506. AA was used as the control. The 502 exhibited low water solubility, while the 506 compound showed the highest. The cytotoxicity analysis demonstrated that 503 caused significant deterioration in cell viability, while other derivatives showed no harmful effect on hPDLSCs. The dimethyl aminopropyl amine derivative of AA, compound 506, demonstrated a relatively high potency in inducing osteogenic differentiation. An elevated mRNA expression of osteogenic-related genes, BMP2, WNT3A, ALP, OSX and IBSP was observed with 506. Additionally, the expression of BMP-2 protein was enhanced with increasing dose of 506, and the effect was pronounced when the Erk signalling molecule was inhibited. The 506 derivative was proposed for the promotion of osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs by upregulating BMP2 via the Erk signalling pathway. The 506 molecule showed promise in bone tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirikool Thamnium
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavee Laomeephol
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Laboratory of Biomaterials, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 416, Chengdu, 6100641, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610039, People's Republic of China
| | - Jittima A Luckanagul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterial Engineering in Medical and Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Plant-Produced Pharmaceuticals, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yadav A, Yadav K, Abd-Elsalam KA. Nanofertilizers: Types, Delivery and Advantages in Agricultural Sustainability. AGROCHEMICALS 2023; 2:296-336. [DOI: 10.3390/agrochemicals2020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
In an alarming tale of agricultural excess, the relentless overuse of chemical fertilizers in modern farming methods have wreaked havoc on the once-fertile soil, mercilessly depleting its vital nutrients while inflicting irreparable harm on the delicate balance of the surrounding ecosystem. The excessive use of such fertilizers leaves residue on agricultural products, pollutes the environment, upsets agrarian ecosystems, and lowers soil quality. Furthermore, a significant proportion of the nutrient content, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, is lost from the soil (50–70%) before being utilized. Nanofertilizers, on the other hand, use nanoparticles to control the release of nutrients, making them more efficient and cost-effective than traditional fertilizers. Nanofertilizers comprise one or more plant nutrients within nanoparticles where at least 50% of the particles are smaller than 100 nanometers. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, and quantum dots are some examples of the types of nanomaterials used in the production of nanofertilizers. Nanofertilizers are a new generation of fertilizers that utilize advanced nanotechnology to provide an efficient and sustainable method of fertilizing crops. They are designed to deliver plant nutrients in a controlled manner, ensuring that the nutrients are gradually released over an extended period, thus providing a steady supply of essential elements to the plants. The controlled-release system is more efficient than traditional fertilizers, as it reduces the need for frequent application and the amount of fertilizer. These nanomaterials have a high surface area-to-volume ratio, making them ideal for holding and releasing nutrients. Naturally occurring nanoparticles are found in various sources, including volcanic ash, ocean, and biological matter such as viruses and dust. However, regarding large-scale production, relying solely on naturally occurring nanoparticles may not be sufficient or practical. In agriculture, nanotechnology has been primarily used to increase crop production while minimizing losses and activating plant defense mechanisms against pests, insects, and other environmental challenges. Furthermore, nanofertilizers can reduce runoff and nutrient leaching into the environment, improving environmental sustainability. They can also improve fertilizer use efficiency, leading to higher crop yields and reducing the overall cost of fertilizer application. Nanofertilizers are especially beneficial in areas where traditional fertilizers are inefficient or ineffective. Nanofertilizers can provide a more efficient and cost-effective way to fertilize crops while reducing the environmental impact of fertilizer application. They are the product of promising new technology that can help to meet the increasing demand for food and improve agricultural sustainability. Currently, nanofertilizers face limitations, including higher costs of production and potential environmental and safety concerns due to the use of nanomaterials, while further research is needed to fully understand their long-term effects on soil health, crop growth, and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science and Humanities, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, District Banaskantha, Gujarat 385506, India
| | - Kusum Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kassem S, Piletsky SS, Yesilkaya H, Gazioglu O, Habtom M, Canfarotta F, Piletska E, Spivey AC, Aboagye EO, Piletsky SA. Assessing the In Vivo Biocompatibility of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214582. [PMID: 36365575 PMCID: PMC9655879 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) are high affinity synthetic receptors which show promise as imaging and therapeutic agents. Comprehensive analysis of the in vivo behaviour of nanoMIPs must be performed before they can be considered for clinical applications. This work reports the solid-phase synthesis of nanoMIPs and an investigation of their biodistribution, clearance and cytotoxicity in a rat model following both intravenous and oral administration. These nanoMIPs were found in each harvested tissue type, including brain tissue, implying their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The nanoMIPs were cleared from the body via both faeces and urine. Furthermore, we describe an immunogenicity study in mice, demonstrating that nanoMIPs specific for a cell surface protein showed moderate adjuvant properties, whilst those imprinted for a scrambled peptide showed no such behaviour. Given their ability to access all tissue types and their relatively low cytotoxicity, these results pave the way for in vivo applications of nanoMIPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samr Kassem
- Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Stanislav S. Piletsky
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Hasan Yesilkaya
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Ozcan Gazioglu
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Medhanie Habtom
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | | | - Elena Piletska
- School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Eric O. Aboagye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Xiang H, Zhang Q, Miao X. Polysaccharide-Based Transdermal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050602. [PMID: 35631428 PMCID: PMC9146969 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Materials derived from natural plants and animals have great potential for transdermal drug delivery. Polysaccharides are widely derived from marine, herbal, and microbial sources. Compared with synthetic polymers, polysaccharides have the advantages of non-toxicity and biodegradability, ease of modification, biocompatibility, targeting, and antibacterial properties. Currently, polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery vehicles, such as hydrogel, film, microneedle (MN), and tissue scaffolds are being developed. The addition of polysaccharides allows these vehicles to exhibit better-swelling properties, mechanical strength, tensile strength, etc. Due to the stratum corneum’s resistance, the transdermal drug delivery system cannot deliver drugs as efficiently as desired. The charge and hydration of polysaccharides allow them to react with the skin and promote drug penetration. In addition, polysaccharide-based nanotechnology enhances drug utilization efficiency. Various diseases are currently treated by polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery devices and exhibit promising futures. The most current knowledge on these excellent materials will be thoroughly discussed by reviewing polysaccharide-based transdermal drug delivery strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.)
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Qian Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiaoqing Miao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (J.L.); (H.X.); (Q.Z.)
- Weihai Changqing Ocean Science Technology Co., Ltd., Weihai 264209, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-19806301068
| |
Collapse
|