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Gedik O, Karahan AG. Properties and stability of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AB6-25 and Saccharomyces boulardii T8-3C single and double-layered microcapsules containing Na-alginate and/or demineralized whey powder with lactobionic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132406. [PMID: 38754658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to enhance the survivability of the encapsulated biocomposites of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum AB6-25 and Saccharomyces boulardii T8-3C within the gastrointestinal system (GIS) and during storage period. AB6-25 and T8-3C were individually co-encapsulated using either lactobionic acid (LBA) in Na-alginate (ALG)/demineralized whey powder (DWP) or solely potential probiotics in ALG microcapsules. Free probiotic cells were utilized as the control group. Both microcapsules and free cells underwent freeze-drying. The encapsulation and freeze-drying efficiency of core materials were evaluated. The protective effect of encapsulation on the probiotics was examined under simulated GIS conditions and during storage at either 25 °C or 4 °C. Additionally, the microcapsules underwent analysis using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Encapsulation and freeze-drying processes were carried out efficiently in all groups (88.46 %-99.13 %). SEM revealed that the microcapsules possessed a spherical and homogeneous structure, with sizes ranging from 3 to 10 μm. ALG/DWP and LBA presence in the microcapsule structure was confirmed through FTIR, XRD analysis indicated the formation of a new composite. Over 180 days, all microcapsule groups stored at 4 °C maintained their therapeutic dosage viability. However, after four months, microcapsules stored at 25 °C exhibited a decline in yeast survivability below the therapeutic threshold. Experimental groups demonstrated better viability under simulated GIS conditions compared to the control. These findings suggest the potential use of microencapsulated probiotics as a food supplement and indicate that microcapsule groups containing AB6-25 and T8-3C stored at 4 °C can be preserved for six months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Gedik
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Aynur Gül Karahan
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Department of Food Engineering, Isparta, Türkiye.
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Benítez SV, Carrasco R, Giraldo JD, Schoebitz M. Microbeads as carriers for Bacillus pumilus: a biofertilizer focus on auxin production. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:170-189. [PMID: 38469757 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2324812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to develop a solid biofertilizer using Bacillus pumilus, focusing on auxin production to enhance plant drought tolerance. Methods involved immobilising B. pumilus in alginate-starch beads, focusing on microbial concentration, biopolymer types, and environmental conditions. The optimal formulation showed a diameter of 3.58 mm ± 0.18, a uniform size distribution after 15 h of drying at 30 °C, a stable bacterial concentration (1.99 × 109 CFU g-1 ± 1.03 × 109 over 180 days at room temperature), a high auxin production (748.8 µg g-1 ± 10.3 of IAA in 7 days), and a water retention capacity of 37% ± 4.07. In conclusion, this new formulation of alginate + starch + L-tryptophan + B. pumilus has the potential for use in crops due to its compelling water retention, high viability in storage at room temperature, and high auxin production, which provides commercial advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange V Benítez
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rocio Carrasco
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan D Giraldo
- Escuela de Ingeniería Ambiental, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Mauricio Schoebitz
- Departamento de Suelos y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Environmental Microbiology, Center of Biotechnology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Tiwari RK, Lal MK, Kumar R, Mangal V, Kumar A, Kumar R, Sharma S, Sagar V, Singh B. Salt stress influences the proliferation of Fusarium solani and enhances the severity of wilt disease in potato. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26718. [PMID: 38434015 PMCID: PMC10906416 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity has emerged as a critical abiotic stress in potato production, whereas wilt disease, caused by Fusarium solani, is the significant biotic stress. An experiment was performed to decipher the occurrence of wilt incidence by F. solani FJ1 under the influence of salinity in both in vitroand pot culture conditions. High salt concentration negatively influenced root and shoot development in the variety "Kufri Jyoti" but positively affected the mycelial growth and sporulation behaviours of F. solani FJ1. There was abundant whitish mycelial growth with enhanced biomass and high sporulation (microconidia production) in F. solani FJ1 cultured on salt-supplemented media. Moreover, under high salinity conditions (EC 2-8 dS m-1), severe wilting and rotting of vascular bundles were observed in plants artificially inoculated with F. solani FJ1. The mortality rate of potato plants was significantly higher under individual and combined stresses as compared to control. The wilt index of individual and combined stressed plants was also substantially higher compared to the control. Additionally, compared to the control, there was a significant decrease in total chlorophyll content and membrane stability index of the leaves under combined stress. However, the total phenols were increased under stress conditions. The total sugar content of potato plants decreased in infected plants, but increased when exposed to salt stress or a combination of salt stress and pathogen infection. F. solani infection also increased the activity of peroxidase (POX) and decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and catalase (CAT). These results suggest that Fusarium wilt and dry rot will be a more severe disease for potato cultivation in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Protection, ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226002, India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Vikas Mangal
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Vinay Sagar
- Division of Plant Protection, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- Division of CPB&PHT, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, HP 171001, India
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Narayanan KB, Bhaskar R, Choi SM, Han SS. Development of carrageenan-immobilized lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogel for topical delivery of bacteriophages in wound dressing applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129349. [PMID: 38219934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacteriophages are employed as cost-effective and efficient antibacterial agents to counter the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other host bacteria in phage therapy. The increasing incidence of skin wounds is a significant concern in clinical practice, especially considering the limitations of antibiotic therapy. Furthermore, the lack of an effective delivery system that preserves the stability of bacteriophages hampers their clinical implementation. In recent years, there has been a growing amount of research on bacteriophage applications in veterinary and biomedical sciences. In our study, lytic coliphage vB_Eco2571-YU1 was isolated against pathogenic Escherichia coli host bacteria, and hydrogel wound dressing materials were fabricated with marine polysaccharide carrageenan (carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1) for their antibacterial activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) morphology identified it as a Myoviridae coliphage with an icosahedral head length and width of approximately 60 and 56.8 nm, respectively, and a tail length of 119.7 nm. The one-step growth curve of coliphage revealed a latent period of 10 min, a rise period of 15 min, and a burst size of 120 virions per cell. The bacteriolytic activity of unimmobilized coliphages was observed within 2 h; however, strain-specific phage resistance was acquired after 9 h. In contrast, carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 showed a sharp decline in the growth of bacteria in the log phase after 2 h and did not allow for the acquisition of phage resistance by the E. coli strain. The stability of coliphage under different pH, temperature, osmolarity, detergents, and organic solvents was evaluated. We also studied the long-term storage of carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels at 4 °C and found that the titer value decreased during a time-dependent period of 28 days. These hydrogels were also found to be hemocompatible using a hemolysis assay. The addition of plasticizer (0.6 % (w/v)) to the carrageenan (2 % (w/v)) to prepare carr-vB_Eco2571-YU1 hydrogels showed a decrease in compressive strength with enhanced elasticity. This phage therapy using polymeric immobilization of bacteriophages is a promising next-generation wound dressing biomaterial alternative to conventional wound and skin care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Soon Mo Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, South Korea.
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Saberi Riseh R, Vatankhah M, Hassanisaadi M, Shafiei-Hematabad Z, Kennedy JF. Advancements in coating technologies: Unveiling the potential of chitosan for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127677. [PMID: 38287565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetables pose a significant challenge to the agriculture industry worldwide. To address this issue, researchers have turned to natural and eco-friendly solutions such as chitosan coatings. Chitosan, a biopolymer derived from chitin, has gained considerable attention due to its unique properties such as non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and potential applications in post-harvest preservation. This review article provides an in-depth analysis of the current state of research on chitosan coatings for the preservation of fruits and vegetables. Moreover, it highlights the advantages of using chitosan coatings, including its antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to enhance shelf-life and maintain the quality attributes of fresh product. Furthermore, the review discusses the mechanisms by which chitosan interacts with fruits and vegetables, elucidating its antimicrobial activity, modified gas permeability, enhanced physical barrier and induction of host defense responses. It also examines the factors influencing the effectiveness of chitosan coatings, such as concentration, molecular weight, deacetylation degree, pH, temperature, and application methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Vatankhah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Zahra Shafiei-Hematabad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Imam Khomeini Square, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WRI5 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Shi H, Li W, Zhou Y, Wang J, Shen S. Can we control potato fungal and bacterial diseases? - microbial regulation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22390. [PMID: 38046151 PMCID: PMC10686857 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato plant is one of the main crops in the world. However, relatively little is known about key virulence factors of major fungal and bacterial diseases in potatoes, biocontrol measures to improve activity and stability, and the core driving forces in the control process. Here, we focus on analyzing the mechanisms by which genes, proteins, or (and) metabolites of potato pathogens as key virulence factors. Then, the single strain biocontrol agents, synthetic microbial communities, microbial microcapsule strategies were introduced, and the latter two strategies can improve stability and activity in biocontrol. Meanwhile, summarized the defense mechanisms of biocontrol and their specific issues in practical applications. Furthermore, explore how potato crop management, soil management, and climate effects, as crucial driving forces affect potato biocontrol in the system. Dynamic and systematic research, excavation of biocontrol strain resources, find the causes of regional disease resistance and exploration of biocontrol mechanism will provide promising solutions for biotic stress faced by potato in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Shi
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Wei Li
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
| | - Shuo Shen
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Potato Breeding of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai Tibet Plateau Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
- Northwest Potato Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education, Xining, China
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Devi S, Manhas RK. Induction of systemic resistance in Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum seedlings against Fusarium wilt by Streptomyces bioformulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109438-109452. [PMID: 37775628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases induced by various phytopathogens pose a significant threat to contemporary agricultural systems around the world. In modern agriculture, the use of pesticides is still a valuable and effective method to control plant diseases. However, agrochemicals are becoming less popular because of the accretion of toxic compounds perilous and potentially hazardous to humans and the environment. Taking into consideration these aspects, the present study was conducted to explore the biocontrol potential of an endophytic Streptomyces sp. SP5 bioformulations against Fusarium wilt. Three bioformulations were prepared using cell biomass and different carriers, i.e., B1 (talc-kaolin), B2 (MgSO4/glycerol/Na-alginate/talc/Ca-lignosulfonate), and B3 (calcium carbonate/CMC/talc). Apart from antagonistic action against Fusarium wilt, the influence of bioformulations on plant growth and systemic resistance was investigated by analyzing morphological parameters (root length, shoot length, root weight, shoot weight), biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants), and induction of antioxidative enzymes, e.g., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in S. lycopersicum and C. annum seedlings. The results revealed that Streptomyces bioformulations effectively controlled Fusarium wilt in S. lycopersicum and C. annum (82.6-83.4% and 81.8-100%, respectively). Besides reducing disease prevalence, bioformulations significantly increased all the morphological parameters and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, i.e., CAT, APX, GPX, and SOD, in plants. The current findings display that bioformulations can be utilized as environment-friendly biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt and also as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumari Manhas
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Kaur R, Kaur S, Dwibedi V, Kaur C, Akhtar N, Alzahrani A. Development and characterization of rice bran-gum Arabic based encapsulated biofertilizer for enhanced shelf life and controlled bacterial release. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1267730. [PMID: 37822736 PMCID: PMC10563852 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1267730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Currently, microbe-based approaches are being tested to address nutrient deficiencies and enhance nutrient use efficiency in crops. However, these bioinoculants have been unsuccessful at the commercial level due to differences in field and in-vivo conditions. Thus, to enhance bacterial stability, microbial formulations are considered, which will provide an appropriate microenvironment and protection to the bacteria ensuring better rhizospheric-colonization. Methods The present study aimed to develop a phosphobacterium-based encapsulated biofertilizer using the ion-chelation method, wherein a bacterial strain, Myroid gitamensis was mixed with a composite solution containing rice bran (RB), gum Arabic (GA), tricalcium phosphate, and alginate to develop low-cost and slow-release microbeads. The developed microbead was studied for encapsulation efficiency, shape, size, external morphology, shelf-life, soil release behavior, and biodegradability and characterized using SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Further, the wheat growth-promoting potential of microbeads was studied. Results The developed microbeads showed an encapsulation efficiency of 94.11%. The air-dried beads stored at 4°C were favorable for bacterial survival for upto 6 months. Microbeads showed 99.75% degradation within 110 days of incubation showing the bio-sustainable nature of the beads. The application of dried formulations to the pot-grown wheat seedlings resulted in a higher germination rate, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight of the seedlings, and higher potassium and phosphorus uptake in wheat. Discussion This study, for the first time, provides evidence that compared to liquid biofertilizers, the RB-GA encapsulated bacteria have better potential of enhancing wheat growth and can be foreseen as a future fertilizer option for wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sukhminderjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- Department of Microbiology, Bhojia Institute of Life Sciences, Baddi, India
| | - Nadeem Akhtar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Abdulhakeem Alzahrani
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Hassanisaadi M, Thakur VK, Kennedy JF. Use of whey protein as a natural polymer for the encapsulation of plant biocontrol bacteria: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123708. [PMID: 36806771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes, drought, the salinity of water and soil, the emergence of new breeds of pests and pathogens, the industrialization of countries, and environmental contamination are among the factors limiting the production of agricultural products. The use of chemicals (in the form of fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides) to enhance products against biotic and abiotic stresses has limitations. To eliminate the effects of agricultural chemicals, synthetic agrochemicals should be replaced with natural substances and useful microorganisms. To be more effective and efficient, plant biocontrol bacteria need a coating layer around themselves to protect them from adverse conditions. Whey protein, a valuable by-product of the cheese industry, is one of the important natural polymers. Due to its high protein content, safety, and biodegradability, whey can have many applications in agriculture and encapsulation of bacteria to resist pests and plant diseases. This compound is a rich source of amino acids that can activate plant defense systems and defense enzymes. Considering the amazing potentialities of formulation whey protein, this review attends to the efficiency of whey protein as coating layers on fruit and vegetables and in the packaging system to increase the shelf life of agricultural products against phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, India; Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India.
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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Rani N, Kaur G, Kaur S, Upadhyay SK, Tripathi M. Development of Zn biofertilizer microbeads encapsulating Enterobacter ludwigii-PS10 mediated alginate, starch, poultry waste and its efficacy in Solanum lycopersicum growth enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124381. [PMID: 37044325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In the present farming era, rhizobacteria as beneficial biofertilizers can decrease the negative effects of Zinc (Zn) agrochemicals. However, their commercial viability and utility are constrained by their instability under field conditions. Thus, to enhance their stability, microbial formulations are considered, which will not only offer an appropriate microenvironment, and protection but also ensure a high rate of rhizospheric-colonization. The goal of this study was to create a new formulation for the Zn-solubilizing bacteria E. ludwigii-PS10. The studied formulation was prepared using the extrusion technique, wherein a composite solution containing alginate, starch, zinc oxide, and poultry waste was uniformly mixed with the bacterial strain PS10 to develop low-cost, eco-friendly, and slow-release microbeads. The produced microbead was spherical, and characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD. Further, the microbeads were analyzed for their survival stability over 3 months of storage at room temperature and 4 °C. The effect of the microbead on the vegetative growth of tomato plants was investigated. Results showed that 94 % of the encapsulated microbial beads (EMB) matrix was able to encapsulate the bacterial strain PS10. The dried EMB demonstrated a moisture content of 2.87 % and was able to preserve E. ludwigii-PS10 survival at room temperature at the rate of 85.6 %. The application of the microbead to the tomato plants significantly increased plant biomass and Zn content. As a result, our findings support the use of this novel EMB prepared using an alginate/poultry waste/starch mixture to increase bacterial cell viability and plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Gurparteek Kaur
- Laboratory Analyst, Bureau Veritas, 6740, Campobello Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2LB, Canada
| | - Sukhminderjit Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India.
| | - Sudhir K Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur 222003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manikant Tripathi
- Biotechnology Program, Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh 224001, India
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Anuar MSK, Hashim AM, Ho CL, Wong MY, Sundram S, Saidi NB, Yusof MT. Synergism: biocontrol agents and biostimulants in reducing abiotic and biotic stresses in crop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:123. [PMID: 36934342 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
In today's fast-shifting climate change scenario, crops are exposed to environmental pressures, abiotic and biotic stress. Hence, these will affect the production of agricultural products and give rise to a worldwide economic crisis. The increase in world population has exacerbated the situation with increasing food demand. The use of chemical agents is no longer recommended due to adverse effects towards the environment and health. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) and biostimulants, are feasible options for dealing with yield losses induced by plant stresses, which are becoming more intense due to climate change. BCAs and biostimulants have been recommended due to their dual action in reducing both stresses simultaneously. Although protection against biotic stresses falls outside the generally accepted definition of biostimulant, some microbial and non-microbial biostimulants possess the biocontrol function, which helps reduce biotic pressure on crops. The application of synergisms using BCAs and biostimulants to control crop stresses is rarely explored. Currently, a combined application using both agents offer a great alternative to increase the yield and growth of crops while managing stresses. This article provides an overview of crop stresses and plant stress responses, a general knowledge on synergism, mathematical modelling used for synergy evaluation and type of in vitro and in vivo synergy testing, as well as the application of synergism using BCAs and biostimulants in reducing crop stresses. This review will facilitate an understanding of the combined effect of both agents on improving crop yield and growth and reducing stress while also providing an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Sundram
- Biology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
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Mancera-López ME, Barrera-Cortés J, Mendoza-Serna R, Ariza-Castolo A, Santillan R. Polymeric Encapsulate of Streptomyces Mycelium Resistant to Dehydration with Air Flow at Room Temperature. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010207. [PMID: 36616556 PMCID: PMC9823993 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Encapsulation is one of the technologies applied for the formulation of biological control agents. The function of the encapsulating matrix is to protect the biological material from environmental factors, while dehydration allows for its viability to be prolonged. An advantage of dehydrated encapsulation formulations is that they can be stored for long periods. However, vegetative cells require low-stress dehydration processes to prevent their loss of viability. Herein we describe the fabrication of a dehydrated encapsulate of the Streptomyces CDBB1232 mycelium using sodium alginate with a high concentration of mannuronic acid; sodium alginate was added with YGM medium for mycelium protection purposes. The encapsulation was carried out by extrusion, and its dehydration was carried out in a rotating drum fed with air at room temperature (2-10 L min-1). The drying of the capsules under air flows higher than 4 L min-1 led to viability loss of the mycelium. The viability loss can be decreased up to 13% by covering the alginate capsules with gum arabic. Compared to conventional dehydration processes, air moisture removal can be lengthy, but it is a low-cost method with the potential to be scaled.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elena Mancera-López
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Josefina Barrera-Cortés
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-5557473800 (ext. 4380)
| | - Roberto Mendoza-Serna
- Career of Chemical Engineering, Multidisciplinary Experimental Research Unit (UMIEZ), Faculty of Higher Studies Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Armando Ariza-Castolo
- Chemistry Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Chemistry Department, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Zacatenco Unit, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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Moradi Pour M, Saberi Riseh R, Ranjbar-Karimi R, Hassanisaadi M, Rahdar A, Baino F. Microencapsulation of Bacillus velezensis Using Alginate-Gum Polymers Enriched with TiO 2 and SiO 2 Nanoparticles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13091423. [PMID: 36144046 PMCID: PMC9500707 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus bacteria are a group of plant growth stimulants that increase plant growth and resistance to plant pathogens by producing various metabolites. With their large surface area and small size, nanoparticles can be used in controlled-release formulations and increase the efficiency of the desired product. Encapsulation of biological agents in combination with nanoparticles can be an essential step in increasing the performance of these agents in adverse environmental conditions. In this study, which is the result of a collaboration between scientists from Italy and Iran, Bacillus velezensis was encapsulated in alginate combined with whey protein and zedo, mastic, and tragacanth gums in the presence of silica and titania nanoparticles to obtain two-layer and multilayer assemblies acting as novel, smart micro-encapsulation systems. The results of laboratory studies showed that the B. velezensis could produce protease, lipase, siderophore, auxin, and a dissolution of mineral phosphate. Scanning electron microscopy images (SEM) showed that the studied microcapsules were almost spherical. Moisture affinity, swelling, and efficiency of each microcapsule were examined. The results showed that the highest encapsulation efficiency (94.3%) was related to the multilayer formulation of alginate-whey protein-zedo. XRD and FTIR spectroscopy showed that the alginate, whey protein, and zedo were mixed properly and no incompatible composition occurred in the reaction. This study aimed to provide a suitable formulation of biofertilizers based on biodegradable compounds as an alternative to chemical fertilizers, which is low cost and very effective without harming humans and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojde Moradi Pour
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
| | - Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
- Correspondence: (R.S.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Reza Ranjbar-Karimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan 7718893514, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan 7718897111, Iran
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahinar University of Kerman, Kerman 7618411764, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, University of Zabol, Zabol 9861335856, Iran
| | - Francesco Baino
- Institute of Materials Physics and Engineering, Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.S.R.); (F.B.)
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Sodium Alginate–Gelatin Nanoformulations for Encapsulation of Bacillus velezensis and Their Use for Biological Control of Pistachio Gummosis. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062114. [PMID: 35329566 PMCID: PMC8950913 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based nanocomposites are favorable materials for the encapsulation of biofertilizers and biocontrol agents. In this research, sodium alginate, a widely used natural polymer, was extracted and purified from Macrocystis pyrifera. Its composition was confirmed using 1H NMR and FTIR analyses, and its molecular weight and mannuronic acid/guluronic acid ratio were obtained. Sodium alginate–gelatin microcapsules enriched with carbon nanotubes and SiO2 nanoparticles were prepared to encapsulate Bacillus velezensis, and the biological effects of this formulation on the control of pistachio gummosis and growth parameters were investigated. Microscopy examination showed that the microcapsules had quite globular shapes. XRD confirmed the occurrence of an electrostatic interaction when sodium alginate was blended with gelatin. The survival rate of the encapsulated bacteria was about 107 CFU/mL and was maintained after one year of storage. The aim of this study was to achieve a unique formulation containing beneficial bacteria and nanoparticles for the synergistic control of Phytophthora drechsleri.
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