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Dautt-Castro M, Rebolledo-Prudencio OG, Estrada-Rivera M, Islas-Osuna MA, Jijón-Moreno S, Casas-Flores S. Trichoderma virens Big Ras GTPase-1, a molecular switch for transforming a mutualistic fungus to plants in a deleterious microbe. Microbiol Res 2024; 278:127508. [PMID: 37864916 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are ascomycete filamentous fungi widely distributed worldwide that establish mutualistic relationships with plants by antagonizing phytopathogens in the rhizosphere and colonizing the plant roots, hence, promoting plant growth and triggering the systemic resistance against phytopathogens. During the first stages of root colonization by Trichoderma, plants recognize the fungus as an invader by inducing the plant defense system, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Some members of the small Ras GTPases regulate NADPH oxidases and, therefore, ROS production. However, their role in mutualistic microorganisms that colonize plant roots is poorly understood. It has been demonstrated that Trichoderma virens strains lacking TBRG-1, a member of a new family of the Ras GTPases, impair their biocontrol capability and behave like a pathogen on tomato seeds and seedlings. Here, we found that TBRG-1 is essential in T. virens to maintain the mutualistic relationship with plants because a mutant-lacking tbrg-1 gen could not induce plant growth in Arabidopsis and tomatoes. Furthermore, treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with Δtbrg-1 induced strongly PR-1a, the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) marker gene at early times of the interaction, which correlated with enhanced foliar damage by Botrytis cinerea, resembling the behavior of a biotrophic phytopathogen. Additionally, leaves of plants treated with either T. virens wild-type (wt) or Δtbrg-1 and challenged or not with Botrytis showed ROS production to a different extent, as well as differential expression of cell detoxification-related genes, CAT1, and APX1. Root colonization assays of sid-2 and jar1 mutant lines affected in SAR and induced systemic resistance (ISR) by Δtbrg-1 and the wt strain, suggest an important role of both pathways in the recognition of the fungus and that TBRG-1 plays a pivotal role in root colonization. Furthermore, we found that TBRG-1 is a negative regulator of NoxR expression, which may impact the mutualistic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzuko Dautt-Castro
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Oscar G Rebolledo-Prudencio
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Magnolia Estrada-Rivera
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - María A Islas-Osuna
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Saúl Jijón-Moreno
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Sergio Casas-Flores
- IPICYT, División de Biología Molecular, Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional y Comparativa, San Luis Potosí, S.L.P., Mexico.
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Devi S, Manhas RK. Induction of systemic resistance in Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum seedlings against Fusarium wilt by Streptomyces bioformulations. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:109438-109452. [PMID: 37775628 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases induced by various phytopathogens pose a significant threat to contemporary agricultural systems around the world. In modern agriculture, the use of pesticides is still a valuable and effective method to control plant diseases. However, agrochemicals are becoming less popular because of the accretion of toxic compounds perilous and potentially hazardous to humans and the environment. Taking into consideration these aspects, the present study was conducted to explore the biocontrol potential of an endophytic Streptomyces sp. SP5 bioformulations against Fusarium wilt. Three bioformulations were prepared using cell biomass and different carriers, i.e., B1 (talc-kaolin), B2 (MgSO4/glycerol/Na-alginate/talc/Ca-lignosulfonate), and B3 (calcium carbonate/CMC/talc). Apart from antagonistic action against Fusarium wilt, the influence of bioformulations on plant growth and systemic resistance was investigated by analyzing morphological parameters (root length, shoot length, root weight, shoot weight), biochemical parameters (photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants), and induction of antioxidative enzymes, e.g., catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), in S. lycopersicum and C. annum seedlings. The results revealed that Streptomyces bioformulations effectively controlled Fusarium wilt in S. lycopersicum and C. annum (82.6-83.4% and 81.8-100%, respectively). Besides reducing disease prevalence, bioformulations significantly increased all the morphological parameters and increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes, i.e., CAT, APX, GPX, and SOD, in plants. The current findings display that bioformulations can be utilized as environment-friendly biocontrol agents against Fusarium wilt and also as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Devi
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India
| | - Rajesh Kumari Manhas
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Jia Y, Niu H, Zhao P, Li X, Yan F, Wang C, Qiu Z. Synergistic biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against early blight disease in tomato. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:6071-6083. [PMID: 37540249 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Early blight of tomato caused by Alternaria solani results in significant crop losses. In this study, Bacillus subtilis J3 and Pseudomonas fluorescens J8 were co-cultured as a synthetic microbial community (BCA) for synergistic biocontrol of A. solani, and the inhibition mechanism was investigated. BCA presented an inhibition ration against A. solani at 94.91%, which lowered the disease incidence by 38.26-42.87%; reduced peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activity of tomatoes by 73.11-90.22%; and promoted the biomass by 66.91-489.21%. With BCA protection, the relative expression of tomato resistance genes (including gPAL2, SWRKY, PR-10, and CHI) in roots and leaves was 12.83-90.70% lower than without protection. BCA also significantly altered the rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbial community. The abundance of potentially beneficial bacteria, including Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Lysobacter, and Rhizobium, elevated by 6.58-192.77%. They were negatively correlated with resistance gene expression, indicating their vital involvement in disease control. These results provided essential information on the synergistic biocontrol mechanism of bacteria against pathogens, which could contribute to developing novel biocontrol strategies. KEY POINTS: • Bacillus and Pseudomonas present a synergistic biocontrol effect against A. solani. • Biocontrol prevents pathogen damage and improves tomato growth and systemic resistance. • Beneficial bacteria thrive in the rhizosphere is the key to microbial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxue Jia
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Niu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Panzhihua City Company, Sichuan Tobacco Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Panzhihua, 617000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111 Second Ring Road, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Wilson SK, Pretorius T, Naidoo S. Mechanisms of systemic resistance to pathogen infection in plants and their potential application in forestry. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:404. [PMID: 37620815 PMCID: PMC10463331 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complex systemic responses of tree species to fight pathogen infection necessitate attention due to the potential for yield protection in forestry. RESULTS In this paper, both the localized and systemic responses of model plants, such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, are reviewed. These responses were compared to information available that investigates similar responses in woody plant species and their key differences were highlighted. In addition, tree-specific responses that have been documented were summarised, with the critical responses still relying on certain systemic acquired resistance pathways. Importantly, coniferous species have been shown to utilise phenolic compounds in their immune responses. Here we also highlight the lack of focus on systemic induced susceptibility in trees, which can be important to forest health. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the possible mechanisms of systemic response to infection in woody plant species, their potential applications, and where research may be best focused in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - T Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - S Naidoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.
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El-Batal AI, El-Sayyad GS, Al-Shammari BM, Abdelaziz AM, Nofel MM, Gobara M, Elkhatib WF, Eid NA, Salem MS, Attia MS. Protective role of iron oxide nanocomposites on disease index, and biochemical resistance indicators against Fusarium oxysporum induced-cucumber wilt disease: In vitro, and in vivo studies. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106131. [PMID: 37121523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Recently nanocomposites have become a super-growth inducers as well as vital antifungal agents, which enhance plant growth and suppress plant diseases. A new strategy regarding the fabrication of humic acid (H) and boron (B) conjugated Fe2O3 nanocomposites was performed. Fe2O3 NP-B and Fe2O3 NP-H were synthesized in the presence of gamma-rays (as a direct reducing agent). Gamma-rays provoked reduction of metal ions due to the liberated reducing electrons, (e-aq), in aqueous solutions which can be considered as direct reduction. Antifungal potential against Fusarium oxysporum, the causative agent of wilt disease in cucumber was determined. Disease index percent, metabolic resistance indicators in cucumber plant as response to promotion of systemic resistance (SR) were recorded. Results illustrated that both Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H had antifungal activity against F. oxysporum in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were 0.25 and 0.125 mM, respectively. Application of Fe2O3 NPs-B (0.25 mM) and Fe2O3 NPs-H (0.125 mM) appeared highly reduced the cucumber wilt disease symptoms incidence caused by F. oxysporum, and recorded disease severity by 83.33%. Fe2O3 NPs-B was the best treatment reducing disease indexes by 20.83% and gave highly protection against wilt disease by 75.0% and came next Fe2O3 NPs-H which reduced disease indexes by 25% and gave 69.99% protection against disease. Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H treatments improved morphological traits, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, total phenol and antioxidant enzymes activities in both infected and non-infected plants. The beneficial effects of the Fe2O3 NPs-B and Fe2O3 NPs-H were extended to increase not only the total phenol, and total soluble protein content but also the activities of peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes of the healthy and infected cucumber plants in comparison with control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I El-Batal
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gharieb S El-Sayyad
- Drug Microbiology Laboratory, Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), Cairo, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Bassam M Al-Shammari
- Nutrtion Department, Al-Badaya General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Nofel
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Gobara
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walid F Elkhatib
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia, Cairo, 11566, Egypt; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala City, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nerhan A Eid
- Plant Pathology Unit, Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Boys), Cairo, Egypt.
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Bhadrecha P, Singh S, Dwibedi V. 'A plant's major strength in rhizosphere': the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:165. [PMID: 37012531 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Human activities, industrialization and civilization have deteriorated the environment which eventually has led to alarming effects on plants and animals by heightened amounts of chemical pollutants and heavy metals in the environment, which create abiotic stress. Environmental conditions like drought, salinity, diminished macro-and micro-nutrients also contribute in abiotic stress, resulting in decrement of survival and growth of plants. Presence of pathogenic and competitive microorganisms, as well as pests lead to biotic stress and a plant alone can not defend itself. Thankfully, nature has rendered plant's rhizosphere with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria which maintain an allelopathic relationship with host plant to defend the plant and let it flourish in abiotic as well as biotic stress situations. This review discusses the mechanisms behind increase in plant growth via various direct and indirect traits expressed by associated microorganisms in the rhizosphere, along with their current scenario and promising future for sustainable agriculture. It also gives details of ten such bacterial species, viz. Acetobacter, Agrobacterium, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Enterobacter and Frankia, whose association with the host plants is famed for enhancing plant's growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Bhadrecha
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Shilpy Singh
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, School of Sciences, Noida International University, Gautam Budh Nagar, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 203201, India
| | - Vagish Dwibedi
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
- Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Department of Biotechnology, 147004, PATIALA, India.
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Khoshru B, Mitra D, Joshi K, Adhikari P, Rion MSI, Fadiji AE, Alizadeh M, Priyadarshini A, Senapati A, Sarikhani MR, Panneerselvam P, Mohapatra PKD, Sushkova S, Minkina T, Keswani C. Decrypting the multi-functional biological activators and inducers of defense responses against biotic stresses in plants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13825. [PMID: 36873502 PMCID: PMC9981932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant diseases are still the main problem for the reduction in crop yield and a threat to global food security. Additionally, excessive usage of chemical inputs such as pesticides and fungicides to control plant diseases have created another serious problem for human and environmental health. In view of this, the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for controlling plant disease incidences has been identified as an eco-friendly approach for coping with the food security issue. In this review, we have identified different ways by which PGPRs are capable of reducing phytopathogenic infestations and enhancing crop yield. PGPR suppresses plant diseases, both directly and indirectly, mediated by microbial metabolites and signaling components. Microbial synthesized anti-pathogenic metabolites such as siderophores, antibiotics, lytic enzymes, hydrogen cyanide, and several others act directly on phytopathogens. The indirect mechanisms of reducing plant disease infestation are caused by the stimulation of plant immune responses known as initiation of systemic resistance (ISR) which is mediated by triggering plant immune responses elicited through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The ISR triggered in the infected region of the plant leads to the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) throughout the plant making the plant resistant to a wide range of pathogens. A number of PGPRs including Pseudomonas and Bacillus genera have proven their ability to stimulate ISR. However, there are still some challenges in the large-scale application and acceptance of PGPR for pest and disease management. Further, we discuss the newly formulated PGPR inoculants possessing both plant growth-promoting activities and plant disease suppression ability for a holistic approach to sustaining plant health and enhancing crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Khoshru
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Microbiology, Raiganj University, Raiganj - 733 134, West Bengal, India
| | - Kuldeep Joshi
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Priyanka Adhikari
- Centre for Excellence on GMP Extraction Facility (DBT, Govt. of India), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. Guwahati-781101, Assam, India
| | | | - Ayomide Emmanuel Fadiji
- Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa
| | - Mehrdad Alizadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ankita Priyadarshini
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Ansuman Senapati
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Periyasamy Panneerselvam
- Crop Production Division, ICAR – National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | | | - Svetlana Sushkova
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
| | - Chetan Keswani
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia
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Ganie SA, Bhat JA, Devoto A. The influence of endophytes on rice fitness under environmental stresses. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 109:447-467. [PMID: 34859329 PMCID: PMC9213282 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Endophytes are crucial for the promotion of rice growth and stress tolerance and can be used to increase rice crop yield. Endophytes can thus be exploited in biotechnology and genetic engineering as eco-friendly and cost-effective means for the development of high-yielding and stress-tolerant rice plants. Rice (Oryza sativa) crop is continuously subjected to biotic and abiotic stresses, compromising growth and consequently yield. The situation is exacerbated by climate change impacting on ecosystems and biodiversity. Genetic engineering has been used to develop stress-tolerant rice, alongside physical and chemical methods to mitigate the effect of these stresses. However, the success of these strategies has been hindered by short-lived field success and public concern on adverse effects associated. The limited success in the field of stress-tolerant cultivars developed through breeding or transgenic approaches is due to the complex nature of stress tolerance as well as to the resistance breakdown caused by accelerated evolution of pathogens. It is therefore necessary to develop novel and acceptable strategies to enhance rice stress tolerance and durable resistance and consequently improve yield. In the last decade, plant growth promoting (PGP) microbes, especially endophytes, have drawn the attention of agricultural scientists worldwide, due to their ability to mitigate environmental stresses in crops, without causing adverse effects. Increasing evidence indicates that endophytes effectively confer fitness benefits also to rice under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Endophyte-produced metabolites can control the expression of stress-responsive genes and improve the physiological performance and growth of rice plants. This review highlights the current evidence available for PGP microbe-promoted tolerance of rice to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought and to biotic ones, with special emphasis on endophytes. Associated molecular mechanisms are illustrated, and prospects for sustainable rice production also in the light of the impending climate change, discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ahmad Ganie
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Alessandra Devoto
- Plant Molecular Science and Centre of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK.
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Guo R, Ji S, Wang Z, Zhang H, Wang Y, Liu Z. Trichoderma asperellum xylanases promote growth and induce resistance in poplar. Microbiol Res 2021; 248:126767. [PMID: 33873138 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Xylanase secreted by Trichoderma asperellum ACCC30536 can stimulate the systemic resistance of host plants against pathogenic fungi. Following T. asperellum conidia co-culture with Populus davidiana × P. alba var. pyramidalis Louche (PdPap) seedlings, the expression of xylanases TasXyn29.4 and TasXyn24.2 in T. asperellum were upregulated, peaking at 12 h, by 106 (26.74) and 10.1 (23.34)-fold compared with the control, respectively. However, the expression of TasXyn24.4 and TasXyn24.0 was not detected. When recombinant xylanases rTasXyn29.4 and rTasXyn24.2 were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115, their activities reached 18.9 IU/mL and 20.4 IU/mL, respectively. In PdPap seedlings induced by rTasXyn29.4 and rTasXyn24.2, the auxin and jasmonic acid signaling pathways were activated to promote growth and enhance resistance against pathogens. PdPap seedlings treated with both xylanases showed increased methyl jasmonate contents at 12 hpi, reaching 122 % (127 μg/g) compared with the control. However, neither of the xylanases could induce the salicylic acid signaling pathway in PdPap seedlings. Meanwhile, both xylanases could enhance the antioxidant ability of PdPap seedlings by improving their catalase activity. Both xylanases significantly induced systemic resistance of PdPap seedlings against Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. However, the xylanases could only be sensed by the roots of the PdPap seedlings, not the leaves. In summary, rTasXyn29.4 and rTasXyn24.2 from T. asperellum ACCC30536 promoted growth and induced systemic resistance of PdPap seedlings, which endowed the PdPap seedlings broad-spectrum resistance to phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shida Ji
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Huifang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- College of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Peng KC, Lin CC, Liao CF, Yu HC, Lo CT, Yang HH, Lin KC. Expression of L-amino acid oxidase of Trichoderma harzianum in tobacco confers resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea. Plant Sci 2021; 303:110772. [PMID: 33487356 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
L-amino acid oxidase (ThLAAO) secreted by Trichoderma harzianum ETS323 is a flavoenzyme with antimicrobial characteristics. In this study, we transformed the ThLAAO gene into tobacco to elucidate whether ThLAAO can activate defense mechanisms and confer resistance against phytopathogens. Transgenic tobacco overexpressing ThLAAO showed enhanced resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea and activated the expression of defense-related genes and the genes involved in salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene biosynthesis accompanied by substantial accumulation of H2O2 in chloroplasts, cytosol around chloroplasts, and cell membranes of transgenic tobacco. Scavenge of H2O2 with ascorbic acid abolished disease resistance against B. cinerea infection and decreased the expression of defense-related genes. ThLAAO-FITC application on tobacco protoplast or overexpression of ThLAAO-GFP in tobacco revealed the localization of ThLAAO in chloroplasts. Chlorophyll a/b binding protein (CAB) was isolated through ThLAAO-ConA affinity chromatography. The pull down assay results confirmed ThLAAO-CAB binding. Application of ThLAAO-Cy5.5 on cabbage roots promptly translocated to the leaves. Treatment of ThLAAO on cabbage roots induces systemic resistance against B. cinerea. Overall, these results demonstrate that ThLAAO may target chloroplast and activate defense mechanisms via H2O2 signaling to confer resistance against S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou-Cheng Peng
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chi Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Fu Liao
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chiao Yu
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Tsuen Lo
- Department of Biotechnology, National Formosa University, Yunlin 63208, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Hui Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chih Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan.
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Ashwin NMR, Barnabas L, Ramesh Sundar A, Malathi P, Viswanathan R, Masi A, Agrawal GK, Rakwal R. Comparative secretome analysis of Colletotrichum falcatum identifies a cerato-platanin protein (EPL1) as a potential pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. J Proteomics 2017; 169:2-20. [PMID: 28546091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum falcatum, an intriguing hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen causes red rot, a devastating disease of sugarcane. Repeated in vitro subculturing of C. falcatum under dark condition alters morphology and reduces virulence of the culture. Hitherto, no information is available on this phenomenon at molecular level. In this study, the in vitro secretome of C. falcatum cultured under light and dark conditions was analyzed using 2-DE coupled with MALDI TOF/TOF MS. Comparative analysis identified nine differentially abundant proteins. Among them, seven proteins were less abundant in the dark-cultured C. falcatum, wherein only two protein species of a cerato-platanin protein called EPL1 (eliciting plant response-like protein) were found to be highly abundant. Transcriptional expression of candidate high abundant proteins was profiled during host-pathogen interaction using qRT-PCR. Comprehensively, this comparative secretome analysis identified five putative effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and one pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) of C. falcatum. Functional characterization of three distinct domains of the PAMP (EPL1) showed that the major cerato-platanin domain (EPL1∆N1-92) is exclusively essential for inducing defense and hypersensitive response (HR) in sugarcane and tobacco, respectively. Further, priming with EPL1∆N1-92 protein induced systemic resistance and significantly suppressed the red rot severity in sugarcane. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Being the first secretomic investigation of C. falcatum, this study has identified five potential effectors, two pathogenicity-related proteins and a PAMP. Although many reports have highlighted the influence of light on pathogenicity, this study has established a direct link between light and expression of effectors, for the first time. This study has presented the influence of a novel N-terminal domain of EPL1 in physical and biological properties and established the functional role of major cerato-platanin domain of EPL1 as a potential elicitor inducing systemic resistance in sugarcane. Comprehensively, the study has identified proteins that putatively contribute to virulence of C. falcatum and for the first time, demonstrated the potential role of EPL1 in inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M R Ashwin
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Leonard Barnabas
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Amalraj Ramesh Sundar
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India.
| | - Palaniyandi Malathi
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Rasappa Viswanathan
- Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore 641007, India
| | - Antonio Masi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova 35020, Italy
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu 13265, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry, Kathmandu 13265, Nepal; GRADE (Global Research Arch for Developing Education) Academy Private Limited, Adarsh Nagar-13, Birgunj, Nepal; Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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12
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Zhu F, Deng XG, Xu F, Jian W, Peng XJ, Zhu T, Xi DH, Lin HH. Mitochondrial alternative oxidase is involved in both compatible and incompatible host-virus combinations in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant Sci 2015; 239:26-35. [PMID: 26398788 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) functions in the resistance to biotic stress. However, the mechanisms of AOX in the systemic antiviral defense response and N (a typical resistance gene)-mediated resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) are elusive. A chemical approach was undertaken to investigate the role of NbAOX in the systemic resistance to RNA viruses. Furthermore, we used a virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS)-based genetics approach to investigate the function of AOX in the N-mediated resistance to TMV. The inoculation of virus significantly increased the NbAOX transcript and protein levels and the cyanide-resistant respiration in the upper un-inoculated leaves. Pretreatment with potassium cyanide greatly increased the plant's systemic resistance, whereas the application of salicylhydroxamic acid significantly compromised the plant's systemic resistance. Additionally, in NbAOX1a-silenced N-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants, the inoculated leaf collapsed and the movement of TMV into the systemic tissue eventually led to the spreading of HR-PCD and the death of the whole plant. The hypersensitive response marker gene HIN1 was significantly increased in the NbAOX1a-silenced plants. Significant amounts of TMV-CP mRNA and protein were detected in the NbAOX1a-silenced plants but not in the control plants. Overall, evidence is provided that AOX plays important roles in both compatible and incompatible plant-virus combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xing-Guang Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Applied Biotechnology Center, Wuhan Bioengineering Insititute, 430415, China
| | - Wei Jian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xing-Ji Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - De-Hui Xi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hong-Hui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Deng Y, He S, Geng Q, Duan Y, Guo M, Li J, Cao Y. Synthesis and biological activity evaluation of novel amino acid derivatives as potential elicitors against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Amino Acids 2015; 47:2495-503. [PMID: 26162434 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Disease caused by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) brings serious production losses of cultivated tomato worldwide. In our previous study, two novel amino acid derivatives exerted satisfactory antiviral activities against TYLCV. In this study, the variation of TYLCV, the transcriptional expression level of Ty-1 and the enzyme activities of POD and PPO in tomato were monitored after treatment with two amino acid derivatives to illustrate the antiviral mechanism. The results showed the symptom severity caused by TYLCV was reduced significantly by two compounds and was associated with the inhibition of viral DNA level at the early stage. Among three levels of concentration, the highest inhibition rate of CNBF-His was 40.66% at 1000 mg/L, for CNBF-Asn, the highest inhibition rate was 36.26% at 2000 mg/L 30 days post-inoculation. Two compounds could also enhance the activities of PPO and POD and the transcriptional expression level of Ty-1 which correlates with plant resistance in tomato. In the field test, two compounds increased the yields of tomato and the maximum increase of yield was 37.66%. This is the first report of novel amino acid derivatives inducing resistance in tomato plant against TYLCV. It is suggested that amino acid derivatives have the potential to be an effective approach against TYLCV in tomato plant.
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