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Fernández-Grajera M, Pacha-Olivenza MA, Fernández-Calderón MC, González-Martín ML, Gallardo-Moreno AM. Dynamic Adhesive Behavior and Biofilm Formation of Staphylococcus aureus on Polylactic Acid Surfaces in Diabetic Environments. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3349. [PMID: 38998429 PMCID: PMC11243244 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Interest in biodegradable implants has focused attention on the resorbable polymer polylactic acid. However, the risk of these materials promoting infection, especially in patients with existing pathologies, needs to be monitored. The enrichment of a bacterial adhesion medium with compounds that are associated with human pathologies can help in understanding how these components affect the development of infectious processes. Specifically, this work evaluates the influence of glucose and ketone bodies (in a diabetic context) on the adhesion dynamics of S. aureus to the biomaterial polylactic acid, employing different approaches and discussing the results based on the physical properties of the bacterial surface and its metabolic activity. The combination of ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia (GK2) appears to be the worst scenario: this system promotes a state of continuous bacterial colonization over time, suppressing the stationary phase of adhesion and strengthening the attachment of bacteria to the surface. In addition, these supplements cause a significant increase in the metabolic activity of the bacteria. Compared to non-enriched media, biofilm formation doubles under ketoacidosis conditions, while in the planktonic state, it is glucose that triggers metabolic activity, which is practically suppressed when only ketone components are present. Both information must be complementary to understand what can happen in a real system, where planktonic bacteria are the ones that initially colonize a surface, and, subsequently, these attached bacteria end up forming a biofilm. This information highlights the need for good monitoring of diabetic patients, especially if they use an implanted device made of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernández-Grajera
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (M.A.P.-O.); (M.C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Pacha-Olivenza
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (M.A.P.-O.); (M.C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Coronada Fernández-Calderón
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (M.A.P.-O.); (M.C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa González-Martín
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (M.A.P.-O.); (M.C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Amparo M. Gallardo-Moreno
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (M.F.-G.); (M.A.P.-O.); (M.C.F.-C.); (A.M.G.-M.)
- University Institute of Extremadura Sanity Research (INUBE), 06006 Badajoz, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Nikolić N, Olmos D, Kramar A, González-Benito J. Effect of Collector Rotational Speed on the Morphology and Structure of Solution Blow Spun Polylactic Acid (PLA). Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:191. [PMID: 38256990 PMCID: PMC10819695 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Apart from structure and composition, morphology plays a significant role in influencing the performance of materials in terms of both bulk and surface behavior. In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) constituted by submicrometric fibers is prepared. Using a modified electrospinning (ES) device to carry out solution blow spinning (SBS), the fibrillar morphology is modified, with the aim to induce variations in the properties of the material. The modification of the ES device consists of the incorporation of a source of pressurized gas (air) and a 3D-printed nozzle of our own design. For this work, the morphology of the PLA submicrometric fibers is modified by varying the rotational speed of the collector in order to understand its influence on different properties and, consequently, on the performance of the material. The rotational speed of a cylindrical collector (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 rpm) is considered as variable for changing the morphology. Morphological study of the materials was performed using scanning electron microscopy and image analysis carried out with ImageJ 1.54f software. Besides a morphology study, structural characterization by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy using attenuated total reflectance of prepared materials is carried out. Finally, the morphology and structure of produced PLA fibrous mats were correlated with the analysis of mechanical properties, wettability behavior and adhesion of DH5-α E. coli bacteria. It is of interest to highlight how small morphological and chemical structure variations can lead to important changes in materials' performance. These changes include, for example, those above 30% in some mechanical parameters and clear variations in bacterial adhesion capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Nikolić
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; (N.N.); (D.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Dania Olmos
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; (N.N.); (D.O.); (A.K.)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Química y Materiales “Álvaro Alonso Barba”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Kramar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; (N.N.); (D.O.); (A.K.)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Química y Materiales “Álvaro Alonso Barba”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier González-Benito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain; (N.N.); (D.O.); (A.K.)
- Instituto Tecnológico de Química y Materiales “Álvaro Alonso Barba”, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
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Kwaczyński K, Szymaniec O, Bobrowska DM, Poltorak L. Solvent-activated 3D-printed electrodes and their electroanalytical potential. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22797. [PMID: 38129451 PMCID: PMC10739953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This work is a comprehensive study describing the optimization of the solvent-activated carbon-based 3D printed electrodes. Three different conductive filaments were used for the preparation of 3D-printed electrodes. Electrodes treatment with organic solvents, electrochemical characterization, and finally electroanalytical application was performed in a dedicated polyamide-based cell also created using 3D printing. We have investigated the effect of the used solvent (acetone, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran), time of activation (from immersion up to 3600 s), and the type of commercially available filament (three different options were studied, each being a formulation of a polylactic acid and conductive carbon material). We have obtained and analysed a significant amount of collected data which cover the solvent-activated carbon-based electrodes surface wettability, microscopic insights into the surface topography analysed with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and finally voltammetric evaluation of the obtained carbon electrodes electrochemical response. All data are tabulated, discussed, and compared to finally provide the superior activation procedure. The electroanalytical performance of the chosen electrode is discussed based on the voltammetric detection of ferrocenemethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kwaczyński
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Olga Szymaniec
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland
| | - Diana M Bobrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Lukasz Poltorak
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Tamka 12, 91-403, Lodz, Poland.
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