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Liu W, Wang L, Zhang X, Huang H, Liu Y, Min M. Exploring the Effects of Nano-CaCO 3 on the Core-Shell Structure and Properties of HDPE/POE/Nano-CaCO 3 Ternary Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1146. [PMID: 38675065 PMCID: PMC11054982 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To address the dilemma of the stiffness and toughness properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites, titanate coupling agent-treated CaCO3 nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) and ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) were utilized to blend with HDPE to prepare ternary nanocomposites via a two-sequence-step process. Meanwhile, a one-step process was also studied as a control. The obtained ternary nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Advanced Rheometrics Expansion System (ARES), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis (WXRD), and mechanical test. The SEM results showed one or two CaCO3 nanoparticles were well-encapsulated by POE and were uniformly dispersed into the HDPE matrix to form a core-shell structure of 100-200 nm in size by the two-step process, while CaCO3 nanoparticles were aggregated in the HDPE matrix by the one-step method. The result of the XRD showed that the nano-CaCO3 particle played a role in promoting crystallization in HDPE nanocomposites. Mechanical tests showed that the synergistic effect of both the POE elastomer and CaCO3 nanoparticles should account for the balanced performance of the ternary composites. In comparison with neat HDPE, the notched impact toughness of the ternary nanocomposites of HDPE/POE/nano-CaCO3 was significantly increased. In addition, the core-shell structure absorbed the fracture impact energy and prevent further propagation of micro-cracks, thus obtaining a higher notched Izod impact strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hongliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Minghua Min
- Key Laboratory of Oceanic and Polar Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; (W.L.); (L.W.); (X.Z.); (H.H.); (Y.L.)
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China
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Park JH, Hwang SH. A Polyolefin Elastomer Encapsulant Modified by an Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Terpolymer for Photovoltaic Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3858-3865. [PMID: 38284050 PMCID: PMC10809238 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a newly designed adhesion promoter, a modified ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (m-EPDM), was constructed via a simple thiol-ene click reaction between the ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) to employ polyolefin elastomer (POE) encapsulants in photovoltaic modules. The grafting reaction of MPTS on an EPDM backbone (thiol-ene click reaction) was verified using 1H NMR, 29Si NMR, and SEM/EDX. The thermal and mechanical characteristics of the POE compounds did not significantly change with an increasing m-EPDM content irrespective of the cross-linking state. Interestingly, the adhesion strength to the glass substrate increased linearly with an increasing m-EPDM content until 9 phr. Also, the POE compounds containing more than 12 phr m-EPDM showed cohesion failure of the encapsulant layer, remaining as a residue of the encapsulant layer on the glass surface after peel testing. The damp-heat test was conducted to evaluate the long-term durability of the photovoltaic module encapsulated with m-EPDM, and no significant power loss was found even after 1000 h under the test conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwan Park
- Materials Chemistry &
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hwang
- Materials Chemistry &
Engineering Laboratory, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Korea
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Wang YX, Zou CY, Bai N, Su QF, Song LX, Li XL. Effect of Octene Block Copolymer (OBC) and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) on Crystalline Morphology, Structure and Mechanical Properties of Octene Random Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3655. [PMID: 37765509 PMCID: PMC10536738 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Blending octene random copolymer (ORC) with other polymers is a promising approach to improving ORC mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and elongation. In this study, octene block copolymer (OBC) with lower density than ORC and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were used to blend with ORC. The effect of both OBC and HDPE on ORC was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). For ORC/OBC blends, a small amount of OBC can improve the crystallization ability of ORC. Meanwhile, for ORC/HDPE blends, the crystallization ability of ORC was significantly suppressed, attributed to good compatibility between ORC and HDPE as indicated by the homogeneous morphology and the disappearance of the α transition peak of ORC in ORC/HDPE blends. Therefore, the tensile strength and elongation of ORC/HDPE blends are significantly higher than those of ORC/OBC blends. For ORC/OBC/HDPE ternary blends, we found that when ORC:OBC:HDPE are at a ratio of 70:15:15, cocrystallization is achieved. Although HDPE improves the compatibility of ORC and OBC, the three-phase structure of the ternary blends can be observed through SAXS when HDPE and OBC exceed 30 wt%. Blending HDPE and OBC (≤30 wt%) could improve the mechanical property of ORC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Xia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Cun-Ying Zou
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qun-Feng Su
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Li-Xin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xian-Liang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110142, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Effects of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomers (EPDMs) with Different Moony Viscosity on Crystallization Behavior, Structure, and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Vulcanizates (TPVs). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030642. [PMID: 36771943 PMCID: PMC9918945 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Moony viscosity of ethylene-propylene-diene monomers (EPDMs) can have effect on the crystallization dynamics, structure, and properties of EPDM/polypropylene (PP)-based thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). TPVs with two different Moony viscosities are prepared via a twin-screw extruder, respectively. Crosslinked EPDM with lower Moony viscosity has a higher crosslinking density and the nucleation effect of its crosslink point improves the crystallization ability of PP in TPV, leading to PP phase crystallization at higher temperatures. For TPV with an EPDM of higher Moony viscosity, it has higher crystallinity and the EPDM phase crystallized earlier. Synchrotron radiation studies show that the EPDM with low Moony viscosity has no obvious crystalline structure, and the prepared TPV has an obvious phase separation structure, while the TPV with higher Mooney viscosity of the EPDM does not exhibit obvious phase separation, indicating that the longer EPDM chains have better compatibility with PP in TPV, also evidenced by the almost disappearance of the PP glass transition peak in TPV, from the dynamic mechanical analysis. The longer EPDM chains in TPV provide more physical entanglement and better interaction with PP molecules, resulting in a stronger strain hardening process, longer elongation at break, and higher tensile stress in TPV.
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Basak S, Cavicchi KA. Structure-Property Relationships of Shape Memory, Semicrystalline Polymers Fabricated by In Situ Polymerization and Crosslinking of Octadecyl Acrylate/Polybutadiene Blends. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200404. [PMID: 35750641 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The current work presents the study of a semicrystalline, shape memory polymer synthesized by simultaneous free radical polymerization and crosslinking in a blend of polybutadiene (PB) and octadecyl acrylate. Blending elastomers and phase change materials provide a modular method for new smart materials, such as shape memory polymers. In this system, grafted, side-chain crystalline poly(octadecyl acrylate) (PODA) fixes a programmed shape in the shape memory cycle, while crosslinked polybutadiene drives shape recovery. This work focuses on improving material parameters important for shape memory (crystallinity, gel fraction, melting temperature) by tuning the processing and formulation parameters (amount of crosslinker and PB weight fraction). The result is a shape memory PB-PODA copolymer that can be fabricated by melt processing and programmed without cooling below ambient temperature. It is found that good shape memory (i.e., high shape fixity and recovery) is obtained at a low PB weight fraction where a percolating PODA crystal network is formed at room temperature. The optimized sample shows excellent shape memory properties (fixity > 99%, recovery = 96%). It is shown that it is possible to mold this material into complex 3D shapes or topography with potential use in anticounterfeiting and antitampering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Basak
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH, 44325-0301, USA
| | - Kevin A Cavicchi
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, 250 S Forge St, Akron, OH, 44325-0301, USA
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