1
|
Volkov AI, Apraksin RV. Hofmeister Series for Conducting Polymers: The Road to Better Electrochemical Activity? Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112468. [PMID: 37299268 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene:polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a widely used conducting polymer with versatile applications in organic electronics. The addition of various salts during the preparation of PEDOT:PSS films can significantly influence their electrochemical properties. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of different salt additives on the electrochemical properties, morphology, and structure of PEDOT:PSS films using a variety of experimental techniques, including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, operando conductance measurements and in situ UV-VIS spectroelectrochemistry. Our results showed that the electrochemical properties of the films are closely related to the nature of the additives used and allowed us to establish a probable relationship with the Hofmeister series. The correlation coefficients obtained for the capacitance and Hofmeister series descriptors indicate a strong relationship between the salt additives and the electrochemical activity of PEDOT:PSS films. The work allows us to better understand the processes occurring within PEDOT:PSS films during modification with different salts. It also demonstrates the potential for fine-tuning the properties of PEDOT:PSS films by selecting appropriate salt additives. Our findings can contribute to the development of more efficient and tailored PEDOT:PSS-based devices for a wide range of applications, including supercapacitors, batteries, electrochemical transistors, and sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey I Volkov
- Department of Electrochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Embankment, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang M, Cao X, Wen M, Chen C, Wen Q, Fu Q, Deng H. Highly Electrical Conductive PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT Flexible Thermoelectric Films Fabricated by a High-Velocity Non-solvent Turbulent Secondary Doping Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10947-10957. [PMID: 36797207 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Materials based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) can be potentially employed as flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to capture waste heat and generate electrical energy. Among various methods, secondary doping is an effective way to modulate its thermoelectric (TE) performance. Different from conventional measures such as dropping, soaking, and steam fumigation, strong shear is integrated with the doping process and termed high-velocity non-solvent turbulent secondary doping (HNTD). We systematically investigate the transformation of PEDOT:PSS during this procedure and the formation mechanism of its highly conductive pathway. It is illustrated that PEDOT:PSS experiences PSS swelling, the phase separation of PEDOT from PSS, the removal of isolated PSS, and the evolution of PEDOT to a linear conformation. These evolutions contribute to the substantial elevation of electrical conductivity (σ). Furthermore, by employing continuous single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks as structural units, highly conductive flexible PEDOT:PSS/SWCNT TE thin films could be prepared without sacrificing the Seebeck coefficient (S). Additionally, the effect of HNTD and direct addition method on TE properties of composite films is also compared. Finally, the PEDOT:PSS composite film with 40 wt % SWCNTs by the HNTD method exhibits the maximized power factor (PF) of 501.31 ± 19.23 μW m-1 K-2 with σ of 4717.8 ± 41.51 S cm-1 and S of 32.6 ± 0.13 μV K-1 at room temperature. It is worth mentioning that the σ value 4717.8 ± 41.51 S cm-1 is the highest among the composites based on commercial carbon fillers and organic semiconductors. Finally, a 6-leg TEGs prototype is assembled and illustrates an output power of 4.416 μW under a temperature difference (ΔT) of 58 K. It is thought that such a strategy may provide some guidelines for manufacturing PEDOT:PSS-based functional materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mao Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyin Cao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ming Wen
- Special Polymer Materials for Automobile Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chuanhuan Technology Co. Ltd., Dazhou 635100, P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Chen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Wen
- Special Polymer Materials for Automobile Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Chuanhuan Technology Co. Ltd., Dazhou 635100, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanviti M, Martínez-Tong DE, Rebollar E, Ezquerra TA, García-Gutiérrez MC. Crystallization and phase separation in PEDOT:PSS/PEO blend thin films: Influence on mechanical and electrical properties at the nanoscale. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
4
|
Danielsen SPO, Thompson BJ, Fredrickson GH, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC, Segalman RA. Ionic Tunability of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott P. O. Danielsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Glenn H. Fredrickson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|