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Yang X, Shen X, Peng W, Hu D, Wang X, Song H, Zhao R, Zhang C. Research on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Rubber Based on a Finite Element Simulation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2120. [PMID: 39125146 PMCID: PMC11314594 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive performance of rubber products could be significantly improved by the addition of functional fillers. To improve research efficiency and decrease the experimental cost, the mechanical and thermal properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced rubber were investigated using finite element simulations and theoretical modeling. The simplified micromechanical model was constructed through the repeatable unit cell with periodic boundary conditions, and the corresponding theoretical models were built based on the rule of mixture (ROM), which can be treated as the mutual verification. The simulation results suggest that, in addition to the fiber volume fraction Vfc increasing from 10% to 70%, the longitudinal Young's modulus, transversal Young's modulus, in-plane shear modulus, longitudinal thermal expansion coefficient, and transversal thermal expansion coefficient changed from 2.31 × 1010 Pa to 16.09 × 1010 Pa, from 0.54 × 107 Pa to 2.59 × 107 Pa, from 1.66 × 106 Pa to 10.11 × 106 Pa, from -4.98 × 10-7 K-1 to -5.89 × 10-7 K-1, and from 5.72 × 10-4 K-1 to 1.66 × 10-4 K-1, respectively. The mechanism by which Vfc influences the properties of carbon-fiber-reinforced rubber was revealed through the distribution of Von Mises stress. This research will contribute to improving the performance of carbon-fiber-reinforced rubber and promote its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Yang
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xinmin Shen
- Field Engineering College, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Wenqiang Peng
- College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Daochun Hu
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Haichao Song
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Rongxing Zhao
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Engineering Training Center, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; (X.Y.); (D.H.); (X.W.); (H.S.); (R.Z.); (C.Z.)
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Wang X, Sun C, He L, Liu Y, Sun Q, Dong L, Wang R. Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Reactive and Low-Migration-Resistant Antioxidant and Its Application in Rubber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:15401-15409. [PMID: 38585126 PMCID: PMC10993244 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The addition of antioxidants to rubber is one of the most economical and effective methods for delaying rubber aging. However, antioxidant migration can cause environmental pollution. To address this issue, a new reactive antioxidant was synthesized via the chemical bonding of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and p-aminodiphenylamine (PPDA). The product was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, which confirmed the successful reaction between GMA and PPDA, resulting in a compound with the expected structure. The mixture was then combined with a composite of styrene-butadiene rubber and carbon black. The tensile strength, antioxidant properties, migration, and RPA of the resulting materials were tested and compared with those of the commercial antioxidants N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine, and poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline). After the glycidyl methacrylate antioxidant was grafted onto p-aminodiphenylamine, it became highly compatible with and dispersed in the rubber matrix. The antiaging and antimigration properties of the rubber antioxidants were enhanced without damaging the mechanical properties of the rubber matrix. The short-term and long-term antiaging and antimigration properties of this antioxidant are superior to those of commercially available antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chaoying Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang He
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingwei Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lan Dong
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Runguo Wang
- Beijing Engineering Research
Center of Advanced Elastomers, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Qian C, Li Y, Zhao J, Wang S. Effect of single-vacancy- and vacancy-adsorbed-atom-defective CNTs on the mechanical and tribological properties of NBR composites: molecular dynamics simulations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Zhao J, Yu M, Qian C, Wang S, Wang Z. Thermal‐oxidative aging behavior of graphene and graphene oxide‐filled nitrile butadiene rubber: A molecular simulation approach. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Mengmeng Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Cheng Qian
- School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Shijie Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
| | - Zhaozhi Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang China
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Xiao J, Guo D, Xia C, Li T, Lian H. Application of Nano-SiO 2 Reinforced Urea-Formaldehyde Resin and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8716. [PMID: 36556520 PMCID: PMC9783949 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nano-SiO2 is a typical modifier used for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins to balance the reduced formaldehyde content and maintain bond strength. However, the microstructure of UF resin and the interaction between UF resin and nano-SiO2 are microscopic phenomena; it is difficult to observe and study its intrinsic mechanism in traditional experimental tests. In this work, the enhancement mechanism was explored by molecular dynamics simulations combined with an experiment of the effect of nano-SiO2 additions on UF resin. The results showed that the best performance enhancement of UF resin was achieved when the addition of nano-SiO2 was 3 wt%. The effects caused by different additions of nano-SiO2 were compared and analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations in terms of free volume fraction, the radius of gyration, and mechanical properties, and the results were in agreement with the experimental values. Meanwhile, the changes in hydrogen bonding and radial distribution functions in these systems were counted to explore the interaction between nano-SiO2 and UF resin. The properties of the UF resin were enhanced mainly through the large number of different forms of hydrogen bonds with nano-SiO2, with the strongest hydrogen bond occurring between H(SiO2)… O = (PHMU).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Dingmeng Guo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Changlei Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Taohong Li
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Hailan Lian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forestry Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Fast-Growing Trees and Agri-Fiber Materials, Nanjing 210037, China
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de Souza EL, de Sousa Zanzi M, de Paiva KV, Oliveira JLG, de Oliveira Barra GM, Dutra GB. Thermo‐oxidative aging of acrylonitrile‐butadiene rubber gaskets with real geometry used in plate heat exchangers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Luiz de Souza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Mateus de Sousa Zanzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Kleber Vieira de Paiva
- Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Jorge Luiz Goes Oliveira
- Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Benedet Dutra
- Department of Mobility Engineering Federal University of Santa Catarina Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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Gao M, Chen Y, Fan C, Li M. Molecular Dynamics Study on the Compatibility of Asphalt and Rubber Powder with Different Component Contents. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36157-36164. [PMID: 36278094 PMCID: PMC9583311 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the influence of asphalt from different origins on the compatibility of rubber powder and asphalt, the four most representative 90# asphalts from different origins were selected for the four-component test, namely, Karamay, Shell, Esso, and HuanxiLing, which have differences in their microstructure and molecular structure. First, Materials Studio software was used to build the asphalt molecular model based on the four-component test data, and styrene butadiene rubber and natural rubber were used as representative molecules of rubber powder to build the molecular model. The solubility parameters, molecular potential energy, and radial distribution function were obtained by molecular dynamics simulation of rubber powder and four asphalt molecules. The gray correlation degree analysis of the four components of asphalt is carried out with the gray correlation method. The results show that the solubility parameter difference between Esso asphalt and the rubber molecule is the smallest, and the potential energy between them is the largest; that is, the compatibility between Esso asphalt and rubber powder is the best, followed by Shell, Huanxiling, and Karamay. The analysis of the radial distribution function between two molecules also further confirmed the compatibility of the four modified asphalt. The gray correlation degree between the four components of asphalt and the solubility and molecular potential energy index is as follows: saturates > aromatics > resin > asphaltene. It is concluded that the influence of light components on the compatibility of asphalt is greater than that of heavy components. Therefore, in future industrial production, the rubber powder-modified asphalt made of more light components has better performance and storage stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Gao
- College
of Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010018, China
| | - Yaolu Chen
- College
of Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010018, China
| | - Conghao Fan
- College
of Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010018, China
| | - Meijian Li
- College
of Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia010018, China
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