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Jain K, Takuli A, Gupta TK, Gupta D. Rethinking Nanoparticle Synthesis: A Sustainable Approach vs. Traditional Methods. Chem Asian J 2024:e202400701. [PMID: 39126206 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This review portrays a comparison between green protocols and conventional nanoparticle (NP) synthesis strategies, highlighting each method's advantages and limitations. Various top-down and bottom-up methods in NP synthesis are described in detail. The green chemistry principles are emphasized for designing safe processes for nanomaterial synthesis. Among the green biogenic sources plant extracts, vitamins, enzymes, polysaccharides, fungi (Molds and mushrooms), bacteria, yeast, algae, and lichens are discussed. Limitations in the reproducibility of green protocols in terms of availability of raw material, variation in synthetic protocol, and selection of material due to geographical differences are elaborated. Finally, a conclusion is drawn utilizing green chemical principles, & a circular economy strategy to minimize waste generation, offering a promising framework for the synthesis of NPs emphasizing sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jain
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Anshika Takuli
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Tejendra K Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
| | - Deepshikha Gupta
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, 201301, India
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Ludaš Dujmić A, Radičić R, Ercegović Ražić S, Cingesar IK, Glogar M, Jurov A, Krstulović N. Characterization of Melt-Spun Recycled PA 6 Polymer by Adding ZnO Nanoparticles during the Extrusion Process. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1883. [PMID: 39000738 PMCID: PMC11244155 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
With recent technological advances and the growing interest in environmentally friendly fiber production processes, the textile industry is increasingly turning to the spinning of filaments from recycled raw materials in the melt spinning process as the simplest method of chemical spinning of fibers. Such processes are more efficient because the desired active particles are melt-spun together with the polymer. The study investigates the melt spinning of recycled polyamide 6 (PA 6) fibers modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 wt% of the polymer. The extrusion process was optimized under laboratory conditions. An analysis of the effectiveness of the nanoparticle distribution and chemical composition was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of the thermal analysis show an increase in the glass transition temperature of the extruded material from 50.97 °C (raw polymer) to 51.40 °C to 57.98 °C (polymer modified with ZnO NPs) and an increase in the crystallization point from 148.19 °C to a temperature between 175.61 °C and 178.16 °C, while the molar enthalpy (ΔHm) shows a decreasing trend from 65.66 Jg-1 (raw polymer) to 48.23 Jg-1 (PA 6 2.0% ZnO). The FTIR spectra indicate PA 6 polymer, with a characteristic peak at the wavelength 1466 cm-1, but pure ZnO and PA 6 blended with ZnO show a characteristic peak at 2322 cm-1. The distribution of nanoparticles on the fiber surface is more or less randomly distributed and the different size of NPs is visible. These results are confirmed by the EDS results, which show that different concentrations of Zn are present. The mechanical stability of the extruded polymer modified with NPs is not affected by the addition of ZnO NPs, although the overall results of strength (2.56-3.22 cN/tex) and modulus of elasticity of the polymer (28.83-49.90 cN/tex) are lower as there is no drawing process at this stage of the experiment, which certainly helps to increase the final strength of the fibers. The results indicate the potential of modification with ZnO NPs for further advances in sustainable fiber production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Ludaš Dujmić
- Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Rafaela Radičić
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.R.); (N.K.)
| | - Sanja Ercegović Ražić
- Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Ivan Karlo Cingesar
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Martinia Glogar
- Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.L.D.); (M.G.)
| | - Andrea Jurov
- Department of Gaseous Electronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Nikša Krstulović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (R.R.); (N.K.)
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Jia X, Wu Y, Liu Z, Dai Y, Li T, Gao M, Xu C. Coating effect of renatured triple-helix lentinan on the morphology and antimicrobial activity of ZnO synthesized by hydrothermal method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17814-17823. [PMID: 38832239 PMCID: PMC11145745 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01590h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are considered to be ideal green raw materials for enhancing biocompatibility and dispersion effects of nanoparticles. In this study, we coated and dispersed ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) using the denaturation-renaturation process of a triple helix glucan lentinan (LNT), induced by changes in pH value within the reaction system. Various ZnO/LNT composites with different particle sizes and crystal morphologies were prepared and characterized. The results demonstrated that renatured LNT (r-LNT) effectively encapsulated the {101̄0} crystal planes of ZnO, preventing crystal growth during the renaturation process and resulting in smaller, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles. Among the samples, ZnO/r-LNT-2 exhibited significantly higher antimicrobial activity, and it had a certain inhibitory effect on various plant pathogens. It also displayed the highest inhibitory effect against Candida albicans, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of up to 8 μg mL-1. Consistently, ZnO/r-LNT-2 generated the highest amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus exhibiting the most effective antimicrobial activity. However, excessive introduction of the dispersant LNT may reduce these activities. This study provides a foundation for further exploring the detailed mechanism of ROS generation catalyzed by ZnO and for harnessing the full potential of this type of antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Jia
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Yihong Wu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Yuxiang Dai
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Tianxiao Li
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
| | - Mingqi Gao
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd. Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 61291027
| | - Chunping Xu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou Henan China +86 371 86609637
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Khutsishvili SS, Perfileva AI, Kon'kova TV, Lobanova NA, Sadykov EK, Sukhov BG. Copper-Containing Bionanocomposites Based on Natural Raw Arabinogalactan as Effective Vegetation Stimulators and Agents against Phytopathogens. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:716. [PMID: 38475399 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel copper-containing bionanocomposites based on the natural raw arabinogalactan have been obtained as universal effective agents against phytopathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus and development stimulants of agricultural plants. Thus, the use of such nanosystems offers a solution to the tasks set in biotechnology while maintaining high environmental standards using non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable natural biopolymers. The physicochemical characteristics of nanocomposites were determined using a number of analytical methods (elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopic parameters of electron paramagnetic resonance, UV-visible, etc.). The results of the study under the influence of the nanocomposites on the germination of soybean seeds (Glycine max L.) and the vegetation of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) showed the best results in terms of biometric indicators. It is especially worth noting the pronounced influence of the nanocomposite on the development of the root system, and the increase in the mass of the potato root system reached 19%. It is also worth noting that the nanocomposites showed a stimulating effect on the antioxidant system and did not have a negative effect on the content of pigments in potato tissues. Moreover, the resulting bionanocomposite showed a pronounced antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium. During the co-incubation of phytopathogen Clavibacter sepedonicus in the presence of the nanocomposite, the number of cells in the bacterial suspension decreased by up to 40% compared to that in the control, and a 10% decrease in the dehydrogenase activity of cells was also detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spartak S Khutsishvili
- Rafael Agladze Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 11 Mindeli St., 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Alla I Perfileva
- Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Kon'kova
- Laboratory of Nanoparticles, V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalya A Lobanova
- Laboratory of Unsaturated Heteroatomic Compounds, A. E. Favorky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Evgeniy K Sadykov
- Laboratory of Metal-Organic Coordination Polymers, A. V. Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Boris G Sukhov
- Laboratory of Nanoparticles, V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Ali S, Dayo M, Alahmadi S, Mohamed A. Chitosan-Supported ZnO Nanoparticles: Their Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application for the Removal of Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6) from Aqueous Media. Molecules 2024; 29:828. [PMID: 38398580 PMCID: PMC10892826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A composite of chitosan-supported ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO/CS) was green-synthesized via an easy and cost-effective method using Chicory (Cichorium intybus) plant extract. The synthesis was confirmed using uv-vis spectrometry at a λmax of 380 nm, and the surface of the material was characterized via FT-IR spectroscopy, and finally via SEM, which confirmed the distribution of ZnO nanoparticles on the surface of chitosan biopolymer (CS). The synthesized material was applied in the adsorptive removal of residues of the pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6) pharmaceutical drug from aqueous media using the batch technique. The material's removal capacity was studied through several adjustable parameters including pH, contact time, the dose of the adsorbent, and the capacity for drug adsorption under the optimal conditions. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were applied to describe the adsorption process. The removal was found to obey the Freundlich model, which refers to a chemisorption process. Different kinetic models were also studied for the removal process and showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more fitted, which indicates that the removal was a chemisorption process. Thermodynamic studies were also carried out. The maximum removal of vitamin B6 by the nano-ZnO/CS composite was found to be 75% at optimal conditions. The results were compared to other reported adsorbents. Reusability tests showed that the nano-ZnO/CS composite can be efficiently reused up to seven times for the removal of PDX drugs from aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah Ali
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marwa Dayo
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Sana Alahmadi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
| | - Amr Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia (S.A.)
- The Higher Institute of Optics Technology (HIOT), Heliopolis, Cairo 17361, Egypt
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Ali AM, Hamed AM, Taher MA, Abdallah MH, Abdel-Motaleb M, Ziora ZM, Omer AM. Fabrication of Antibacterial and Antioxidant ZnO-Impregnated Amine-Functionalized Chitosan Bio-Nanocomposite Membrane for Advanced Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:7034. [PMID: 37894513 PMCID: PMC10608820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing a variety of safe and effective functioning wound dressings is a never-ending objective. Due to their exceptional antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and healing-promoting properties, functionalized chitosan nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention in wound dressing applications. Herein, a novel bio-nanocomposite membrane with a variety of bio-characteristics was created through the incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) into amine-functionalized chitosan membrane (Am-CS). The developed ZnO@Am-CS bio-nanocomposite membrane was characterized by various analysis tools. Compared to pristine Am-CS, the developed ZnO@Am-CS membrane revealed higher water uptake and adequate mechanical properties. Moreover, increasing the ZnONP content from 0.025 to 0.1% had a positive impact on antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. A maximum inhibition of 89.4% was recorded against Escherichia coli, with a maximum inhibition zone of 38 ± 0.17 mm, and was achieved by the ZnO (0.1%)@Am-CS membrane compared to 72.5% and 28 ± 0.23 mm achieved by the native Am-CS membrane. Furthermore, the bio-nanocomposite membrane demonstrated acceptable antioxidant activity, with a maximum radical scavenging value of 46%. In addition, the bio-nanocomposite membrane showed better biocompatibility and reliable biodegradability, while the cytotoxicity assessment emphasized its safety towards normal cells, with the cell viability reaching 95.7%, suggesting its potential use for advanced wound dressing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.A.T.); (M.H.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Abdelrahman M. Hamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.A.T.); (M.H.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Mahmoud A. Taher
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.A.T.); (M.H.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Mohamed H. Abdallah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.A.T.); (M.H.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Motaleb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, AL-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (A.M.H.); (M.A.T.); (M.H.A.); (M.A.-M.)
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmed M. Omer
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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Bwatanglang IB, Mohammad F, Janet JN, Dahan WM, Al-Lohedan HA, Soleiman AA. Biosorption of Escherichia coli Using ZnO-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanocomposite Hydrogel Formed by the Green Synthesis Route. Gels 2023; 9:581. [PMID: 37504460 PMCID: PMC10378975 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we tested the biosorption capacity of trimethyl chitosan (TMC)-ZnO nanocomposite (NC) for the adsorptive removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in aqueous suspension. For the formation of ZnO NPs, we followed the green synthesis route involving Terminalia mantaly (TM) aqueous leaf extract as a reducing agent, and the formed ZnO particles were surface-coated with TMC biopolymer. On testing of the physicochemical characteristics, the TM@ZnO/TMC (NC) hydrogel showed a random spherical morphology with an average size of 31.8 ± 2.6 nm and a crystal size of 28.0 ± 7.7 nm. The zeta potential of the composite was measured to be 23.5 mV with a BET surface area of 3.01 m2 g-1. The spectral profiles of TM@ZnO/TMC NC hydrogel on interaction with Escherichia coli (E. coli) revealed some conformational changes to the functional groups assigned to the stretching vibrations of N-H, C-O-C, C-O ring, and C=O bonds. The adsorption kinetics of TM@ZnO/TMC NC hydrogel revealed the pseudo-second-order as the best fit mechanism for the E. coli biosorption. The surface homogeneity and monolayer adsorption of the TM@ZnO/TMC NC hydrogel reflects majorly the entire adsorption mechanism, observed to display the highest correlation for Jovanovic, Redlich-Peterson, and Langmuir's isotherm models. Further, with the use of TM@ZnO/TMC NC hydrogel, we measured the highest adsorption capacity of E. coli to be 4.90 × 10 mg g-1, where an in-depth mechanistic pathway was proposed by making use of the FTIR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - John Nahadi Janet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Adamawa State University, Mubi 650001, Nigeria
| | - Wasmia Mohammed Dahan
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Adamawa State University, Mubi 650001, Nigeria
| | - Hamad A Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Soleiman
- College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
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Halarnekar D, Ayyanar M, Gangapriya P, Kalaskar M, Redasani V, Gurav N, Nadaf S, Saoji S, Rarokar N, Gurav S. Eco synthesized chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposites as the next generation of nano-delivery for antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic potential, and chronic wound repair. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124764. [PMID: 37148929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The present research work aimed at synthesizing chitosan-coated Zinc oxide nanocomposites (NS-CS/ZnONCs) by a bio-inspired method using an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (NS) seeds and employing a quality-by-design approach (Box-Behnken design). The biosynthesized NS-CS/ZnONCs were physicochemically characterized and subjected to their in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic potential. The zeta potential value of -11.2 mV and -12.6 mV indicated the stability of NS-mediated synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (NS-ZnONPs) and NS-CS/ZnONCs, respectively. The particle size of NS-ZnONPs and NS-CS/ZnONCs were 288.1 nm and 130.2 nm, respectively, with PDI of 0.198 and 0.158. NS-ZnONPs and NS-CS/ZnONCs showed superior radical scavenging abilities, excellent α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Also, NS-ZnONPs and NS-CS/ZnONCs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against selected pathogens. Furthermore, NS-ZnONPs and NS-CS/ZnONCs demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) wound closure with 93.00 ± 0.43 % and 95.67 ± 0.43 % on the 15th day of treatment at the dose of 14 mg/wound, compared to 93.42 ± 0.58 % of standard. Collagen turnover was represented by hydroxyproline, which was shown to be significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the NS-ZnONPs (60.70 ± 1.44 mg/g of tissue) and NS-CS/ZnONCs (66.10 ± 1.23 mg/g of tissue) treatment groups than in the control group (47.7 ± 0.81 mg/g of tissue). Thus the NS-ZnONPs and NS-CS/ZnONCs could effectively develop promising drugs to inhibit pathogens and chronic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Halarnekar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa 403 001, India
| | - Muniappan Ayyanar
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), 613 503, India
| | - Peramaiyan Gangapriya
- Department of Botany, A.V.V.M. Sri Pushpam College (Autonomous), Poondi (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University), 613 503, India
| | - Mohan Kalaskar
- R.C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Vivek Redasani
- Yashoda Technical Campus, Faculty of Pharmacy, Satara 415 011, India
| | - Nilambari Gurav
- PES's Rajaram and Tarabai Bandekar College of Pharmacy, Ponda, Goa University, Goa 403401, India
| | - Sameer Nadaf
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, Mahagao 416 503, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprit Saoji
- Formulations and Development Department, Slyaback Pharma, Telangana, India
| | - Nilesh Rarokar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R.T. M. University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shailendra Gurav
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Goa College of Pharmacy, Goa University, Goa 403 001, India.
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Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Novel Bis-Uracil Chitosan Hydrogels Modified with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Boosting Their Antimicrobial Activity. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040980. [PMID: 36850260 PMCID: PMC9964190 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of hydrogels was successfully prepared by incorporating various substituted bisuracil (R-BU) linkages between chitosan Schiff's base chains (R-BU-CsSB) and between chitosan chains (R-BU-Cs). After protection of the amino groups of chitosan by benzaldehyde, yielding chitosan Schiff's base (CsSB), the reaction with epichlorohydrin was confined on the -OH on C6 to produce epoxy chitosan Schiff's base (ECsSB), which was reacted with R-BU to form R-BU-CsSB hydrogels, and finally, the bioactive amino groups of chitosan were restored to obtain R-BU-Cs hydrogels. Further, some R-BU-Cs-based ZnO nanoparticle (R-BU-Cs/ZnONPs) composites were also prepared. Appropriate techniques such as elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX were used to verify their structures. Their inhibition potency against all the tested microbes were arranged as: ZnONPs bio-composites > R-BU-Cs hydrogels > R-BU-CsSB hydrogels > Cs. Their inhibition performance against Gram-positive bacteria was better than Gram-negative ones. Their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values decreased as a function of the negative resonance effect of the substituents in the aryl ring of R-BU linkages in the hydrogels. Compared with Vancomycin, the ZnONPs bio-composites showed superior inhibitory effects against most of the tested Gram-negative bacteria, all inspected Gram-positive ones, and all investigated fungi.
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Sol-Gel Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Different Chitosan Sources: Effects on Antibacterial Activity and Photocatalytic Degradation of AZO Dye. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan was used in the sol-gel synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as a capping agent in order to control the size, morphology, optical bandgap, photocatalytic efficiency, and antimicrobial activity. Different chitosan sources were used for the sol-gel synthesis of ZnO NPs, namely chitosan of shrimp shells, crab shells, and Streptomyces griseus bacteria. The photocatalytic efficiency was studied by using the methylene blue (MB) photodegradation test, and the antibacterial activity of the different types of ZnO NPs was investigated by the agar well diffusion technique. The particle size of ZnO NPs varied between 20 and 80 nm, and the band gap energy ranged between 2.7 and 3.2 eV. Due to the different chitosan sources, the ZnO NPs showed different antibacterial activity against Listeria innocua, Bacillus Subtiliis, Staphylococcus Aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. The ZnO NPs with lower band gap values showed better antibacterial results compared to ZnO NPs with higher band gap values. The MB dye removal of ZnO (shrimp shells), ZnO (crab shells), and ZnO (Streptomyces griseus) reached 60%, 56%, and 44%, respectively, at a contact time of 60 min, a low initial MB dye concentration of 6 × 10−5 M, a solution temperature of 25 °C, and a pH = 7.
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Hammani S, Daikhi S, Bechelany M, Barhoum A. Role of ZnO Nanoparticles Loading in Modifying the Morphological, Optical, and Thermal Properties of Immiscible Polymer (PMMA/PEG) Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8453. [PMID: 36499948 PMCID: PMC9738493 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High-performance hybrid polymer blends can be prepared by blending different types of polymers to improve their properties. However, most polymer blends exhibit phase separation after blending. In this study, polymethylmethacrylate/polyethylene glycol (PMMA/PEG) polymer blends (70/30 and 30/70 w/w) were prepared by solution casting with and without ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) loading. The effect of loading ZnO nanoparticles on blend morphology, UV blocking, glass transition, melting, and crystallization were investigated. Without loading ZnO NP, the PMMA/PEG blends showed phase separation, especially the PEG-rich blend. Loading PMMA/PEG blend with ZnO NPs increased the miscibility of the blend and most of the ZnO NPs dispersed in the PEG phase. The interaction of the ZnO NPs with the blend polymers slightly decreased the intensity of infrared absorption of the functional groups. The UV-blocking properties of the blends increased by 15% and 20%, and the band gap energy values were 4.1 eV and 3.8 eV for the blends loaded with ZnO NPs with a PMMA/PEG ratio of 70/30 and 30/70, respectively. In addition, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased by 14 °C, the crystallinity rate increased by 15%, the melting (Tm) and crystallization(Tc) temperatures increased by 2 °C and 14 °C, respectively, and the thermal stability increased by 25 °C compared to the PMMA/PEG blends without ZnO NP loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Hammani
- Laboratoire Chimie Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Université Saad Dahlab Blida1, Route de Soumaa, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Sihem Daikhi
- Laboratoire Chimie Physique Moléculaire et Macromoléculaire, Université Saad Dahlab Blida1, Route de Soumaa, BP 270, Blida 09000, Algeria
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, 34730 Montpellier, France
| | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland
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Vukoje M, Kulčar R, Itrić Ivanda K, Bota J, Cigula T. Improvement in Thermochromic Offset Print UV Stability by Applying PCL Nanocomposite Coatings. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071484. [PMID: 35406357 PMCID: PMC9002658 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermochromic (TC) printing inks change their colouration as a response to a change in temperature. This ability renders them attractive for various applications such as smart packaging, security printing, and marketing, but their application is limited due to their low UV stability, i.e., loss of their thermochromic effect when exposed to UV radiation. In order to improve the UV stability of TC prints, one offset TC printing ink was printed and coated with nanomodified polycaprolactone (PCL) coating. The coating was prepared with the incorporation of 1%, 2%, and 3% mass ratios of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the PCL matrix. The prepared nanocomposite coatings were applied onto the TC print and exposed to UV radiation; afterwards, they were characterized by the colour properties of prints, SEM microscopy, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. SEM microscopy, FTIR, and fluorescence spectroscopy showed higher rates of polymer degradation, and the results of colour stability indicated that 3% TiO2 in PCL matrix gave the best UV stability and protection of TC prints.
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