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Delledonne A, Guazzelli E, Pescina S, Bianchera A, Galli G, Martinelli E, Sissa C. Amphiphilic Fluorinated Unimer Micelles as Nanocarriers of Fluorescent Probes for Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2023; 6:15551-15562. [PMID: 37706068 PMCID: PMC10496108 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The unique self-assembly properties of unimer micelles are exploited for the preparation of fluorescent nanocarriers embedding hydrophobic fluorophores. Unimer micelles are constituted by a (meth)acrylate copolymer with oligoethyleneglycol and perflurohexylethyl side chains (PEGMA90-co-FA10) in which the hydrophilic and hydrophobic comonomers are statistically distributed along the polymeric backbone. Thanks to hydrophobic interactions in water, the amphiphilic copolymer forms small nanoparticles (<10 nm), with tunable properties and functionality. An easy procedure for the encapsulation of a small hydrophobic molecule (C153 fluorophore) within unimer micelles is presented. UV-vis, fluorescence, and fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopic experimental data demonstrate that the fluorophore is effectively embedded in the nanocarriers. Moreover, the nanocarrier positively contributes to preserve the good emissive properties of the fluorophore in water. The efficacy of the dye-loaded nanocarrier as a fluorescent probe is tested in two-photon imaging of thick ex vivo porcine scleral tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Delledonne
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Pescina
- ADDRes
Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bianchera
- ADDRes
Lab, Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 27A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Centro
per la Integrazione Della Strumentazione Dell’Università
di Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno
Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Sissa
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Guazzelli E, Pisano G, Turriani M, Biver T, Kriechbaum M, Uhlig F, Galli G, Martinelli E. The Nanostructured Self-Assembly and Thermoresponsiveness in Water of Amphiphilic Copolymers Carrying Oligoethylene Glycol and Polysiloxane Side Chains. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1703. [PMID: 37376151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic copolymer self-assembly is a straightforward approach to obtain responsive micelles, nanoparticles, and vesicles that are particularly attractive for biomedicine, i.e., for the delivery of functional molecules. Here, amphiphilic copolymers of hydrophobic polysiloxane methacrylate and hydrophilic oligo (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate with different lengths of oxyethylenic side chains were synthesized via controlled RAFT radical polymerization and characterized both thermally and in solution. In particular, the thermoresponsive and self-assembling behavior of the water-soluble copolymers in water was investigated via complementary techniques such as light transmittance, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. All the copolymers synthesized were thermoresponsive, displaying a cloud point temperature (Tcp) strongly dependent on macromolecular parameters such as the length of the oligo(ethylene glycol) side chains and the content of the SiMA counits, as well as the concentration of the copolymer in water, which is consistent with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type behavior. SAXS analysis revealed that the copolymers formed nanostructures in water below Tcp, whose dimension and shape depended on the content of the hydrophobic components in the copolymer. The hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) determined by DLS increased with the amount of SiMA and the associated morphology at higher SiMA contents was found to be pearl-necklace-micelle-like, composed of connected hydrophobic cores. These novel amphiphilic copolymers were able to modulate thermoresponsiveness in water in a wide range of temperatures, including the physiological temperature, as well as the dimension and shape of their nanostructured assemblies, simply by varying their chemical composition and the length of the hydrophilic side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Guazzelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Turriani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Manfred Kriechbaum
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Frank Uhlig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giancarlo Galli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Chen H, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Li M, Cao Y. Surface encapsulating UV filters based on self-assembly of an amphiphilic random copolymer by miniemulsion polymerization. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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Liu L, Schuetze R, Gerberich JL, Lopez R, Odutola SO, Tanpure RP, Charlton-Sevcik AK, Tidmore JK, Taylor EAS, Kapur P, Hammers H, Trawick ML, Pinney KG, Mason RP. Demonstrating Tumor Vascular Disrupting Activity of the Small-Molecule Dihydronaphthalene Tubulin-Binding Agent OXi6196 as a Potential Therapeutic for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174208. [PMID: 36077745 PMCID: PMC9454770 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular disrupting activity of a promising tubulin-binding agent (OXi6196) was demonstrated in mice in MDA-MB-231 human breast tumor xenografts growing orthotopically in mammary fat pad and syngeneic RENCA kidney tumors growing orthotopically in the kidney. To enhance water solubility, OXi6196, was derivatized as its corresponding phosphate prodrug salt OXi6197, facilitating effective delivery. OXi6197 is stable in water, but rapidly releases OXi6196 in the presence of alkaline phosphatase. At low nanomolar concentrations OXi6196 caused G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and monolayers of rapidly growing HUVECs underwent concentration-dependent changes in their morphology. Loss of the microtubule structure and increased bundling of filamentous actin into stress fibers followed by cell collapse, rounding and blebbing was observed. OXi6196 (100 nM) disrupted capillary-like endothelial networks pre-established with HUVECs on Matrigel®. When prodrug OXi6197 was administered to mice bearing orthotopic MDA-MB-231-luc tumors, dynamic bioluminescence imaging (BLI) revealed dose-dependent vascular shutdown with >80% signal loss within 2 h at doses ≥30 mg/kg and >90% shutdown after 6 h for doses ≥35 mg/kg, which remained depressed by at least 70% after 24 h. Twice weekly treatment with prodrug OXi6197 (20 mg/kg) caused a significant tumor growth delay, but no overall survival benefit. Similar efficacy was observed for the first time in orthotopic RENCA-luc tumors, which showed massive hemorrhage and necrosis after 24 h. Twice weekly dosing with prodrug OXi6197 (35 mg/kg) caused tumor growth delay in most orthotopic RENCA tumors. Immunohistochemistry revealed extensive necrosis, though with surviving peripheral tissues. These results demonstrate effective vascular disruption at doses comparable to the most effective vascular-disrupting agents (VDAs) suggesting opportunities for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Regan Schuetze
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeni L. Gerberich
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ramona Lopez
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel O. Odutola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Rajendra P. Tanpure
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | | | - Justin K. Tidmore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Emily A.-S. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Payal Kapur
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hans Hammers
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mary Lynn Trawick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Kevin G. Pinney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Ralph P. Mason
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-214-648-8926
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