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Vakros J, Hapeshi E, Cannilla C, Bonura G. Synthesis, Characterization and Performance of Materials for a Sustainable Future. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:124. [PMID: 38201789 PMCID: PMC10781042 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The current era has been defined as "The Plastic Era", considering that over the past 50 years the role and importance of polymeric materials in our economy has steadily grown, reaching a production of around a few hundred million tons per year which may even double in the next 20 years [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vakros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, CY-2417, P.O. Box 24005, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Evroula Hapeshi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 46 Makedonitissas Avenue, CY-2417, P.O. Box 24005, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Catia Cannilla
- Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies “Nicola Giordano” ITAE, National Research Council (CNR), 98126 Messina, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Bonura
- Institute for Advanced Energy Technologies “Nicola Giordano” ITAE, National Research Council (CNR), 98126 Messina, Italy;
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Alkayal NS, Ibrahim M, Tashkandi N, Alotaibi MM. Efficient Reduction in Methylene Blue Using Palladium Nanoparticles Supported by Melamine-Based Polymer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5887. [PMID: 37687576 PMCID: PMC10488429 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, palladium nanoparticles, supported by polyaminals (Pd@PAN-NA), were synthesized via a reverse double solvent approach and used as a nano catalyst. The thermogravimetric and the elemental analysis revealed that the catalyst had good dispersity and improved thermal stability. The catalytic activity of the prepared Pd@PAN-NA catalyst was studied for a methylene blue chemical reaction in the presence of NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The effect of the catalyst dose, pH, and dye initial concentration were examined to optimize the chemical reduction conditions. The prepared catalyst Pd@PAN-NA removed 99.8% of methylene blue organic dye, indicating its potential effect for treating waste and contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeeha S. Alkayal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.I.); (N.T.); (M.M.A.)
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Mousa AO, Mohamed MG, Chuang CH, Kuo SW. Carbonized Aminal-Linked Porous Organic Polymers Containing Pyrene and Triazine Units for Gas Uptake and Energy Storage. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081891. [PMID: 37112038 PMCID: PMC10146094 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous organic polymers (POPs) have plenteous exciting features due to their attractive combination of microporosity with π-conjugation. Nevertheless, electrodes based on their pristine forms suffer from severe poverty of electrical conductivity, precluding their employment within electrochemical appliances. The electrical conductivity of POPs may be significantly improved and their porosity properties could be further customized by direct carbonization. In this study, we successfully prepared a microporous carbon material (Py-PDT POP-600) by the carbonization of Py-PDT POP, which was designed using a condensation reaction between 6,6'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) (PDA-4NH2) and 4,4',4'',4'''-(pyrene-1,3,6,8-tetrayl)tetrabenzaldehyde (Py-Ph-4CHO) in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a solvent. The obtained Py-PDT POP-600 with a high nitrogen content had a high surface area (up to 314 m2 g-1), high pore volume, and good thermal stability based on N2 adsorption/desorption data and a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Owing to the good surface area, the as-prepared Py-PDT POP-600 showed excellent performance in CO2 uptake (2.7 mmol g-1 at 298 K) and a high specific capacitance of 550 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 compared with the pristine Py-PDT POP (0.24 mmol g-1 and 28 F g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Osama Mousa
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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He X, Xia J, He J, Qi K, Peng A, Liu Y. Highly Efficient Capture of Heavy Metal Ions on Amine-Functionalized Porous Polymer Gels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040297. [PMID: 37102909 PMCID: PMC10137378 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous polymer gels (PPGs) are characterized by inherent porosity, a predictable structure, and tunable functionality, which makes them promising for the heavy metal ion trap in environmental remediation. However, their real-world application is obstructed by the balance between performance and economy in material preparation. Development of an efficient and cost-effective approach to produce PPGs with task-specific functionality remains a significant challenge. Here, a two-step strategy to fabricate amine-enriched PPGs, NUT-21-TETA (NUT means Nanjing Tech University, TETA indicates triethylenetetramine), is reported for the first time. The NUT-21-TETA was synthesized through a simple nucleophilic substitution using two readily available and low-cost monomers, mesitylene and α, α′-dichloro-p-xylene, followed by the successful post-synthetic amine functionalization. The obtained NUT-21-TETA demonstrates an extremely high Pb2+ capacity from aqueous solution. The maximum Pb2+ capacity, qm, assessed by the Langmuir model was as high as 1211 mg/g, which is much higher than most benchmark adsorbents including ZIF-8 (1120 mg/g), FGO (842 mg/g), 732-CR resin (397 mg/g), Zeolite 13X (541 mg/g), and AC (58 mg/g). The NUT-21-TETA can be regenerated easily and recycled five times without a noticeable decrease of adsorption capacity. The excellent Pb2+ uptake and perfect reusability, in combination with a low synthesis cost, gives the NUT-21-TETA a strong potential for heavy metal ion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Jumu Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Jieli He
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Kezhen Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Anzhong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali 671003, China
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Alkayal NS, Alotaibi MM, Tashkandi NY, Alrayyani MA. Synthesis and Characterization of Bipyridine-Based Polyaminal Network for CO2 Capture. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183746. [PMID: 36145890 PMCID: PMC9502079 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to the high demand for decreasing the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, a new polyaminal-based polymer network was designed and successfully prepared through one-pot polycondensation reaction of melamine and [2,2′-Bipyridine]-5,5′-dicarbaldehyde. The formation of the polymer structure was confirmed by FT-IR, solid-state 13C NMR, and powder-X-ray diffraction. The porous properties of the polymeric structure were confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscope and N2 adsorption–desorption methods at 77 K. The prepared polymer can take up 1.02 mmol/g and 0.71 mmol/g CO2 at 273 K and 298 K, respectively, despite its relatively modest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area (160.7 m2/g), due to the existence of superabundant polar groups on the pore surfaces.
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Sobarzo PA, Tundidor A, Sanz-Perez ES, Terraza CA, Maya EM. Effect of thiophene, furan moieties and zinc ions on melamine-based porous polyaminals properties and catalytic activity on CO2 cycloaddition reaction. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterization of Thiol-Functionalized Polynorbornene Dicarboximides for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Aqueous Solution. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122344. [PMID: 35745918 PMCID: PMC9230520 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of water resources with heavy metals is a very serious concern that demands prompt and effective attention due to the serious health risks caused by these contaminants. The synthesis and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene dicarboximides bearing thiol pendant groups, specifically, N-4-thiophenyl-exo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (1a), N-4-(methylthio)phenyl-exo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (1b) and N-4-(trifluoromethylthio)phenyl-exo-norbornene-5,6-dicarboximide (1c), as well as their assessment for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous systems, is addressed in this work. The polymers were characterized by NMR, SEM and TGA, among others. Single and multicomponent aqueous solutions of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ were employed to perform both kinetic and isothermal adsorption studies taking into account several experimental parameters, for instance, the initial metal concentration, the contact time and the mass of the polymer. In general, the adsorption kinetic data fit the pseudo-second-order model more efficiently, while the adsorption isotherms fit the Freundlich and Langmuir models. The maximum metal uptakes were 53.7 mg/g for Pb2+, 43.8 mg/g for Cd2+ and 29.1 mg/g for Ni2+ in the SH-bearing polymer 2a, 46.4 mg/g for Pb2+, 32.9 mg/g for Cd2+ and 27.1 mg/g for Ni2+ in the SCH3-bearing polymer 2b and 40.3 mg/g for Pb2+, 35.9 mg/g for Cd2+ and 27.8 mg/g for Ni2+ in the SCF3-bearing polymer 2c, correspondingly. The better performance of polymer 2a for the metal uptake was ascribed to the lower steric hindrance and higher hydrophilicity imparted by -SH groups to the polymer. The results show that these thiol-functionalized polymers are effective adsorbents of heavy metal ions from aqueous media.
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