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Dobrosielska M, Dobrucka R, Kozera P, Brząkalski D, Gabriel E, Głowacka J, Jałbrzykowski M, Kurzydłowski KJ, Przekop RE. Beeswax as a natural alternative to synthetic waxes for fabrication of PLA/diatomaceous earth composites. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1161. [PMID: 36670202 PMCID: PMC9859783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28435-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, injection moulding was applied to produce biocomposites consisting of polylactide (PLA) and amorphous diatomaceous earth used as a filler at different concentrations. Natural wax and synthetic wax were added to improve processing properties, comparing the resulting biocomposites. The use of natural beeswax makes the composite environmentally friendly. The prepared composites contained 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% w/w filler. The test samples have been injection moulded. Rheological, mechanical, surface and other properties were assessed for the fabricated composites. The testing has shown that the use of wax additives has a significant influence on the mechanical properties (tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength) and the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of composite surfaces. The addition of natural wax, especially at lower concentration, has a positive effect on the rheological properties of composites (melt flow rate, MFR), flexural modulus and impact strength. Different composite parameters are modified by different wax types so both natural and synthetic waxes, can be used interchangeably, depending on the required final material characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dobrosielska
- grid.1035.70000000099214842Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Dobrucka
- grid.1035.70000000099214842Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland ,grid.423871.b0000 0001 0940 6494Department of Non-Food Products Quality and Packaging Development, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, Al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Kozera
- grid.1035.70000000099214842Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Brząkalski
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewa Gabriel
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Julia Głowacka
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Jałbrzykowski
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland ,grid.446127.20000 0000 9787 2307Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Ul. Wiejska 45 C, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof J. Kurzydłowski
- grid.446127.20000 0000 9787 2307Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Ul. Wiejska 45 C, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
| | - Robert E. Przekop
- grid.5633.30000 0001 2097 3545Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, 8 Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Sustained and Microenvironment-Accelerated Release of Minocycline from Alginate Injectable Hydrogel for Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091816. [PMID: 35566985 PMCID: PMC9105076 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During wound healing, bacterial infection is one of the main limiting factors for the desired efficiency. Wound dressing-mediated antibiotics therapies could overcome this problem to a great extent due to sustained drug release and controllable dose. Here, we designed a kind of alginate injectable hydrogel loaded with minocycline (SA@MC) as a dressing for staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing. SA@MC hydrogel possessed good injectability and can be injected by syringes. MC participated in the gel formation, causing the microstructure change based on the morphology characterization. The element mapping and FT-IR spectra further confirmed the successful loading of MC in SA hydrogel. Interestingly, MC was released more efficiently in a weakly alkaline condition (pH 7–8) than in a weakly acidic condition (pH 4–6) from SA@MC injectable hydrogel, which means that there is an accelerated release to respond to the weakly alkaline wound microenvironment. Meanwhile, SA@MC injectable hydrogel had high biocompatibility and excellent antibacterial activity due to the sustained release of MC. Further, in vivo experiment results demonstrated that SA@MC injectable hydrogel promoted staphylococcus aureus-infected wound healing efficiently. In summary, the injectable composite hydrogel can serve as an ideal dressing to prevent bacterial infection and promote wound healing.
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