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Younas R, Jubeen F, Bano N, Andreescu S, Zhang H, Hayat A. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as carrier for improved drug delivery and biosensing applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:2017-2049. [PMID: 38665008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Porous organic frameworks (POFs) represent a significant subclass of nanoporous materials in the field of materials science, offering exceptional characteristics for advanced applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), as a novel and intriguing type of porous material, have garnered considerable attention due to their unique design capabilities, diverse nature, and wide-ranging applications. The unique structural features of COFs, such as high surface area, tuneable pore size, and chemical stability, render them highly attractive for various applications, including targeted and controlled drug release, as well as improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, it is crucial to comprehend the methods employed in creating COFs with specific properties that can be effectively utilized in biomedical applications. To address this indispensable fact, this review paper commences with a concise summary of the different methods and classifications utilized in synthesizing COFs. Second, it highlights the recent advancements in COFs for drug delivery, including drug carriers as well as the classification of drug delivery systems and biosensing, encompassing drugs, biomacromolecules, small biomolecules and the detection of biomarkers. While exploring the potential of COFs in the biomedical field, it is important to acknowledge the limitations that researchers may encounter, which could impact the practicality of their applications. Third, this paper concludes with a thought-provoking discussion that thoroughly addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with leveraging COFs for biomedical applications. This review paper aims to contribute to the scientific community's understanding of the immense potential of COFs in improving drug delivery systems and enhancing the performance of biosensors in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Younas
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Bano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Shandong, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
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Al-Dolaimy F, Saraswat SK, Hussein BA, Hussein UAR, Saeed SM, Kareem AT, Abdulwahid AS, Mizal TL, Muzammil K, Alawadi AH, Alsalamy A, Hussin F, Kzarb MH. A review of recent advancement in covalent organic framework (COFs) synthesis and characterization with a focus on their applications in antibacterial activity. Micron 2024; 179:103595. [PMID: 38341939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2024.103595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this review is to present a comprehensive examination of the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial applications of covalent organic frameworks (COFs). COFs represent a distinct category of porous materials characterized by a blend of advantageous features, including customizable pore dimensions, substantial surface area, and adaptable chemical properties. These attributes position COFs as promising contenders for various applications, notably in the realm of antibacterial activity. COFs exhibit considerable potential in the domain of antibacterial applications, owing to their amenability to functionalization with antibacterial agents. The scientific community is actively exploring COFs that have been imbued with metal ions, such as copper or silver, given their observed robust antibacterial properties. These investigations strongly suggest that COFs could be harnessed effectively as potent antibacterial agents across a diverse array of applications. Finally, COFs hold immense promise as a novel class of materials for antibacterial applications, shedding light on the synthesis, characterization, and functionalization of COFs tailored for specific purposes. The potential of COFs as effective antibacterial agents beckons further exploration and underscores their potential to revolutionize antibacterial strategies in various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baydaa Abed Hussein
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Manara College for Medical Sciences, Maysan, Amarah, Iraq.
| | | | | | - Ashwaq Talib Kareem
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq.
| | | | - Thair L Mizal
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Khursheed Muzammil
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait Campus, King Khalid University, Abha, KSA.
| | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq; College of Technical Engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq; College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Najaf, Iraq.
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of technical engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq.
| | - Farah Hussin
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Mazin Hadi Kzarb
- College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, Iraq.
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Mohajer F, Mohammadi Ziarani G, Badiei A, Iravani S, Varma RS. Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for wound healing and antimicrobial applications. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8136-8152. [PMID: 36922952 PMCID: PMC10009765 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystal-like organic structures such as cartography buildings prepared from appropriately pre-designed construction block precursors. Moreover, after the expansion of the first COF in 2005, numerous researchers have been developing different materials for versatile applications such as sensing/imaging, cancer theranostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and antimicrobials. COFs have harmonious pore size, enduring porosity, thermal stability, and low density. In addition, a wide variety of functional groups could be implanted during their construction to provide desired constituents, including antibodies and enzymes. The reticular organic frameworks comprising porous hybrid materials connected via a covalent bond have been studied for improving wound healing and dressing applications due to their long-standing antibacterial properties. Several COF-based systems have been planned for controlled drug delivery with wound healing purposes, targeting drugs to efficiently inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms at the wound spot. In addition, COFs can be deployed for combinational therapy using photodynamic and photothermal antibacterial therapy along with drug delivery for healing chronic wounds and bacterial infections. Herein, the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications of COF-based systems against bacterial infections and for wound healing are considered, concentrating on challenges and future guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran Iran
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation (CxI), Technical University of Liberec (TUL) Studentská 1402/2 Liberec 1 461 17 Czech Republic
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Zhang Z, Shi X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Encapsulating Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) in Cellulose Aerogels for Efficient Iodine Uptake. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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