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Ma L, Li D, Chen X, Xu H, Tian Y. A sustainable carbon aerogel from waste paper with exceptional performance for antibiotics removal from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134738. [PMID: 38815396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a sustainable 3D carbon aerogel (AO-WPC) is prepared from waste paper (WP), and used for efficient antibiotics removal from water. The AO-WPC aerogel shows good mechanical property and can recover after 100th of 30 % compression strain. The specific surface area of AO-WPC aerogel is up to 654.58 m2/g. More importantly, this aerogel reveals proper pore size distribution, including micro sized macropores between carbon fibers and intrinsic nano scale mesopores (11.86 nm), which is conducive to remove antibiotics from water. Taking tetracycline (Tc) as an example, the maximum adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of AO-WPC for Tc are as high as 384.6 mg/g and 0.510 g/(mg‧min), respectively, which exhibits significant advantages over most of the recent absorbents, and the adsorption toward Tc reveals good resistance to various environmental factors, including pH, various ions, and dissolved organic matter (DOM). Moreover, good thermal stability enables the AO-WPC aerogel to be regenerated through simple burning, and the adsorption capacity of Tc only decreases by 10.4 % after 10 cycles. Mechanism research shows that hydrogen bonding and π-π electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction play the important role in the adsorption. The excellent mechanical property and adsorption performance imply good practical prospect of the AO-WPC aerogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Daikun Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xing Chen
- China Construction Power and Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150090, China; National Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Resources Co., Ltd., Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Ishaq S, Nadim AH, Amer SM, Elbalkiny HT. Optimization of graphene polypyrrole for enhanced adsorption of moxifloxacin antibiotic: an experimental design approach and isotherm investigation. BMC Chem 2024; 18:113. [PMID: 38872197 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The presence of antibiotics in water systems had raised a concern about their potential harm to the aquatic environment and human health as well as the possible development of antibiotic resistance. Herein, this study investigates the power of adsorption using graphene-polypyrrole (GRP-PPY) nanoparticles as a promising approach for the removal of Moxifloxacin HCl (MXF) as a model antibiotic drug. GRP-PPY nanoparticles synthesis was performed with a simple and profitable method, leading to the formation of high surface area particles with excellent adsorption properties. Characterization was assessed with various techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Box-Behnken experimental design was developed to optimize the adsorption process. Critical parameters such as initial antibiotic concentration, nanoparticle concentration, and pH were investigated. The Freundlich isotherm model provided a good fit to the experimental data, indicating multilayer adsorption of MXF onto the GRP-PPY-NP. As a result, a high adsorption capacity of MXF (92%) was obtained in an optimum condition of preparing 30 μg/mL of the drug to be adsorbed by 1 mg/mL of GRP-PPY-NP in pH 9 within 1 h in a room temperature. Moreover, the regeneration and reusability of GRP-PPY-NP were investigated. They could be effectively regenerated for 3 cycles using appropriate desorption agents without significant loss in adsorption capacity. Overall, this study highlights the power of GRP-PPY-NP as a highly efficient adsorbent for the removal of MXF from wastewater as it is the first time to use this NP for a pharmaceutical product which shows the study's novelty, and the findings provide valuable insights into the development of sustainable and effective wastewater treatment technologies for combating antibiotic contamination in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ishaq
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University: October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Nadim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M Amer
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba T Elbalkiny
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, MSA University: October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, Cairo, Egypt
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Jungcharoen P, Thivakorakot K, Thientanukij N, Kosachunhanun N, Vichapattana C, Panaampon J, Saengboonmee C. Magnetite nanoparticles: an emerging adjunctive tool for the improvement of cancer immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2024; 5:316-331. [PMID: 38745773 PMCID: PMC11090691 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2024.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking field, offering promising and transformative tools for oncological research and treatment. However, it faces several limitations, including variations in cancer types, dependence on the tumor microenvironments (TMEs), immune cell exhaustion, and adverse reactions. Magnetic nanoparticles, particularly magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs), with established pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics for clinical use, hold great promise in this context and are now being explored for therapeutic aims. Numerous preclinical studies have illustrated their efficacy in enhancing immunotherapy through various strategies, such as modulating leukocyte functions, creating favorable TMEs for cytotoxic T lymphocytes, combining with monoclonal antibodies, and stimulating the immune response via magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) treatment (Front Immunol. 2021;12:701485. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701485). However, the current clinical trials of MNPs are mostly for diagnostic aims and as a tool for generating hyperthermia for tumor ablation. With concerns about the adverse effects of MNPs in the in vivo systems, clinical translation and clinical study of MNP-boosted immunotherapy remains limited. The lack of extensive clinical investigations poses a current barrier to patient application. Urgent efforts are needed to ascertain both the efficacy of MNP-enhanced immunotherapy and its safety profile in combination therapy. This article reviews the roles, potential, and challenges of using MNPs in advancing cancer immunotherapy. The application of MNPs in boosting immunotherapy, and its perspective role in research and development is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoomipat Jungcharoen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kunakorn Thivakorakot
- Cho-Kalaphruek Excellent Research Project for Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nachayada Thientanukij
- Cho-Kalaphruek Excellent Research Project for Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Natkamon Kosachunhanun
- Cho-Kalaphruek Excellent Research Project for Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Chayanittha Vichapattana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Jutatip Panaampon
- Division of Hematologic Neoplasia, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8600811, Japan
| | - Charupong Saengboonmee
- Cho-Kalaphruek Excellent Research Project for Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Pirozzi D, Latte A, Yousuf A, De Mastro F, Brunetti G, El Hassanin A, Sannino F. Magnetic Chitosan for the Removal of Sulfamethoxazole from Tertiary Wastewaters. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:406. [PMID: 38470737 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles, synthesized by in situ precipitation, have been used as adsorbents to remove sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a sulfonamide antibiotic dangerous due to its capacity to enter ecosystems. The adsorption of SMX has been carried out in the presence of tertiary wastewaters from a depuration plant to obtain more realistic results. The effect of pH on the adsorption capacity significantly changed when carrying out the experiments in the presence of wastewater. This change has been explained while taking into account the charge properties of both the antibiotic and the magnetic chitosan. The composition of wastewaters has been characterized and discussed as regards its effect on the adsorption capacity of the magnetic chitosan. The models of Elovich and Freundlich have been selected to describe the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms, respectively. The analysis of these models has suggested that the adsorption mechanism is based on strong chemical interactions between the SMX and the magnetic chitosan, leading to the formation of an SMX multilayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Pirozzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Latte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Abu Yousuf
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73069, USA
| | - Francesco De Mastro
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Brunetti
- Department of Soil, Plant, and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea El Hassanin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials and Industrial Production (DICMaPI), Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, University of Naples "Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio, 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Filomena Sannino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Naples, Italy
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Sadr MK, Cheraghi M, Lorestani B, Sobhanardakani S, Golkarian H. Removal of fluorouracil from aqueous environment using magnetite graphene oxide modified with γ-cyclodextrin. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:116. [PMID: 38183503 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12271-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Fluorouracil (FU) is a widely utilized antineoplastic medication in the pharmaceutical industry for combating gastrointestinal cancers. However, its presence in wastewater originating from pharmaceutical facilities and hospital effluents has a potential effect on DNA, and cannot be efficiently eliminated through conventional treatment methods. Consequently, the adoption of advanced technologies becomes crucial for effectively treating such wastewater. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficiency of magnetite graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with γ-cyclodextrin for removing fluorouracil from aqueous solutions. The magnetite graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with γ-cyclodextrin was synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Next, the effect of pH, temperature, adsorbent content, and contact time on the fluorouracil removal efficiency was explored. Ultimately, the experimental data were matched against Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and Kinetic models. Accordingly, the efficiency of the absorbent used was dependent on the pH, contact time, temperature, and initial concentration of the adsorbent. The results indicated that the maximum removal efficiency for fluorouracil was achieved within the contact time of 45 min and adsorbent content of 0.020 g. In addition, the optimal pH for removing the medicine was 7. The conditions of the adsorption process followed Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficients of 0.992 and a quasi-second kinetic model with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, with the maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent synthesized for the evaluated medicine estimated as 190.9 mg/g. The results showed that the magnetite graphene oxide nanocomposite functionalized with γ-cyclodextrin could be used as an effective and available adsorbent for removing fluorouracil from pharmaceutical wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kiani Sadr
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Cheraghi
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Lorestani
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Soheil Sobhanardakani
- Department of the Environment, College of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hamta Golkarian
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Guo X, Wu Z, Wang Z, Lin F, Li P, Liu J. Preparation of Chitosan-Modified Bentonite and Its Adsorption Performance on Tetracycline. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19455-19463. [PMID: 37305296 PMCID: PMC10249085 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan-modified bentonite was synthesized using the coprecipitation method. When the Na2CO3 content was 4% (weight of soil) and the mass ratio of chitosan to bentonite was 1:5, the adsorption performance of the chitosan/bentonite composite was best. The adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurement. Various characterization results demonstrate that chitosan successfully entered the bentonite interlayer and increased layer spacing but did not modify bentonite's laminar mesoporous structure, and the -CH3 and -CH2 groups of chitosan appeared on chitosan-modified bentonite. Tetracycline was used as the target pollutant in the static adsorption experiment. The adsorption capacity was 19.32 mg/g under optimal conditions. The adsorption process was more consistent with the Freundlich model and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that it was a nonmonolayer chemisorption process. The adsorption process is a spontaneous, endothermic, entropy-increasing process, according to thermodynamic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebai Guo
- Henan
Vocational College of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhenjun Wu
- School
of Environmental Engineering, Henan University
of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan
Xinanli Security Technology Co., Ltd. Post-Doctoral Workstation, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zelong Wang
- School
of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fangfang Lin
- Henan
Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Penghui Li
- School
of Environmental Engineering, Henan University
of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- School
of Environmental Engineering, Henan University
of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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da Rosa Salles T, Schnorr C, da Silva Bruckmann F, Cassol Vicensi E, Rossato Viana A, Passaglia Schuch A, de Jesus da Silva Garcia W, F. O. Silva L, Harres de Oliveira A, Roberto Mortari S, Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden C. Effective Diuretic Drug Uptake Employing Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes Derivatives: Adsorption study and In vitro Geno-Cytotoxic Assessment. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Oliveira Vargas G, Schnorr C, Bastista Nunes F, da Rosa Salles T, Zancan Tonel M, Binotto Fagan S, Zanella da Silva I, F. O. Silva L, Roberto Mortari S, Luiz Dotto G, Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden C. Highly Furosemide Uptake Employing Magnetic Graphene Oxide: DFT modeling Combined to Experimental Approach. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Valizadeh K, Bateni A, Sojoodi N, Rafiei R, Behroozi AH, Maleki A. Preparation and characterization of chitosan-curdlan composite magnetized by zinc ferrite for efficient adsorption of tetracycline antibiotics in water. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123826. [PMID: 36828094 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) antibiotic-related water pollution directly threatens human health and ecosystems. Here, a zinc ferrite/chitosan-curdlan (ZNF/CHT-CRD) magnetic composite was prepared via a co-precipitation method to be used as a novel, green adsorbent for TC removal from water. Benefiting from a multitude of functional groups, CRD was first crosslinked with CHT and then magnetized with ZNF to provide an easy separation from the solution with an external magnetic force. The successful synthesis and magnetization of the composite were verified with different characterization techniques. The effect of solution pH and composite dosage was carefully evaluated. The optimum solution pH and composite dosage were 6 and 0.65 g/L, respectively, with complete TC removal. The adsorption process by the magnetic composite followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity determined from the Langmuir model was 371.42 mg/g at 328 K. Thermodynamic parameters indicated endothermic and spontaneous adsorption. Meanwhile, the composite could be readily separated from the aqueous solution thanks to its magnetic property. Then, it was regenerated with acetone and ethanol to be reused for five more successive cycles. Interestingly, the prepared adsorbent was highly stable and performant in removing TC, maintaining approximately 90 % of its first-cycle adsorption capacity. The adsorption mechanism was primarily attributed to electrostatic and hydrogen bonding attractions. Overall, the currently developed adsorbent could be a more favorable, efficient, and cost-effective candidate than other magnetic chitosan-based composites. These features make it applicable for treating water contaminated with various pharmaceutical pollutants with high separation efficiency and easy recovery under successive adsorption-desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Valizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Bateni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sojoodi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Rafiei
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behroozi
- School of Chemical, Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 16846-13114, Iran.
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The Impact of Tetracycline Pollution on the Aquatic Environment and Removal Strategies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030440. [PMID: 36978308 PMCID: PMC10044355 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial drugs are among the most commonly used medications in the world. Tetracycline is a widely used antibiotic for human and animal therapy due to its broad-spectrum activity, high effectiveness, and reasonable cost. The indications for treatment with tetracycline include pneumonia, bone and joint infections, infectious disorders of the skin, sexually transmitted and gastrointestinal infections. However, tetracycline has become a serious threat to the environment because of its overuse by humans and veterinarians and weak ability to degrade. Tetracycline is capable of accumulating along the food chain, causing toxicity to the microbial community, encouraging the development and spread of antibiotic resistance, creating threats to drinking and irrigation water, and disrupting microbial flora in the human intestine. It is essential to address the negative impact of tetracycline on the environment, as it causes ecological imbalance. Ineffective wastewater systems are among the main reasons for the increased antibiotic concentrations in aquatic sources. It is possible to degrade tetracycline by breaking it down into small molecules with less harmful or nonhazardous effects. A range of methods for physical, chemical, and biological degradation exists. The review will discuss the negative effects of tetracycline consumption on the aquatic environment and describe available removal methods.
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de Oliveira MP, Schnorr C, da Rosa Salles T, da Silva Bruckmann F, Baumann L, Muller EI, da Silva Garcia WJ, de Oliveira AH, Silva LFO, Rhoden CRB. Efficient Uptake of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II Inhibitor Employing Graphene Oxide-Based Magnetic Nanoadsorbents. WATER 2023; 15:293. [DOI: 10.3390/w15020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a high efficiency uptake of captopril (CPT), employing magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) as the adsorbent. The graphene oxide (GO) was produced through an oxidation and exfoliation method, and the magnetization technique by the co-precipitation method. The nanomaterials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, Raman, and VSM analysis. The optimal condition was reached by employing GO·Fe3O4 at pH 3.0 (50 mg of adsorbent and 50 mg L−1 of CPT), presenting values of removal percentage and maximum adsorption capacity of 99.43% and 100.41 mg g−1, respectively. The CPT adsorption was dependent on adsorbent dosage, initial concentration of adsorbate, pH, and ionic strength. Sips and Elovich models showed the best adjustment for experimental data, suggesting that adsorption occurs in a heterogeneous surface. Thermodynamic parameters reveal a favorable, exothermic, involving a chemisorption process. The magnetic carbon nanomaterial exhibited a high efficiency after five adsorption/desorption cycles. Finally, the GO·Fe3O4 showed an excellent performance in CPT removal, allowing future application in waste management.
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