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Bosenbecker MW, Silva EV, Paganotto GFDR, Zanon TTM, Langone F, Rodrigues MBB, Marini J, Labidi J, Missio AL, de Oliveira AD. Effect of Different Compatibilizers on the Properties of Green Low-Density Polyethylene Composites Reinforced with Bambusa Vulgaris Bamboo Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1760. [PMID: 39000616 PMCID: PMC11243955 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-density green polyethylene (LDGPE) composites reinforced with 5 wt% of bamboo fiber and 3 wt% of a compatibilizing agent (polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride and tannin) were processed through extrusion and injection molding. Bamboo fiber, Bambusa Vulgaris, was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The molded specimens were analyzed for their thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties. The estimated concentration was chosen to provide the best mechanical strength to the material studied. FTIR analysis of the fibers revealed the presence of groups characteristic of bamboo fiber and tannin. Differential scanning calorimetry revealed that both compatibilizing agents increased the matrix's degree of crystallinity. However, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that, despite the presence of compatibilizing agents, there was no significant improvement in adhesion between the bamboo fibers and LDGPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane W Bosenbecker
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Vieira Silva
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Gian Francesco Dos Reis Paganotto
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Thomaz Migliati Zanon
- Department of Materials Engineering-DEMa, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Langone
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlon Bender Bueno Rodrigues
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano Marini
- Department of Materials Engineering-DEMa, Federal University of São Carlos-UFSCar, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
| | - Jalel Labidi
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Plaza Europa, 1, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Guipuzcoa, Spain
| | - André Luiz Missio
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dantas de Oliveira
- Technological Development Center-CDTec, Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Engineering-PPGCEM/UFPEL, Federal University of Pelotas-UFPel, Pelotas 96010-610, RS, Brazil
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Motelica L, Ficai D, Oprea OC, Trusca RD, Ficai A, Stelescu MD, Sonmez M, Nituica M, Mustatea G, Holban AM. Antimicrobial Packaging for Plum Tomatoes Based on ZnO Modified Low-Density Polyethylene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6073. [PMID: 38892267 PMCID: PMC11172566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food safety and quality are major concerns in the food industry. Despite numerous studies, polyethylene remains one of the most used materials for packaging due to industry reluctance to invest in new technologies and equipment. Therefore, modifications to the current materials are easier to implement than adopting whole new solutions. Antibacterial activity can be induced in low-density polyethylene films only by adding antimicrobial agents. ZnO nanoparticles are well known for their strong antimicrobial activity, coupled with low toxicity and UV shielding capability. These characteristics recommend ZnO for the food industry. By incorporating such safe and dependable antimicrobial agents in the polyethylene matrix, we have obtained composite films able to inhibit microorganisms' growth that can be used as packaging materials. Here we report the obtaining of highly homogenous composite films with up to 5% ZnO by a melt mixing process at 150 °C for 10 min. The composite films present good transparency in the visible domain, permitting consumers to visualize the food, but have good UV barrier properties. The composite films exhibit good antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity from the lowest ZnO composition (1%), against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The homogenous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles into the polyethylene matrix was assessed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optimal mechanical barrier properties were obtained for composition with 3% ZnO. The thermal analysis indicates that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles has increased thermal stability by more than 100 °C. The UV-Vis spectra indicate a low transmittance in the UV domain, lower than 5%, making the films suitable for blocking photo-oxidation processes. The obtained films proved to be efficient packaging films, successfully preserving plum (Rome) tomatoes for up to 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Motelica
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Denisa Ficai
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu-Cristian Oprea
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana-Doina Trusca
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Anton Ficai
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov St., 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Daniela Stelescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather, Leather and Footwear Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.S.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Maria Sonmez
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather, Leather and Footwear Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.S.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Mihaela Nituica
- National Research and Development Institute for Textile and Leather, Leather and Footwear Institute, 93 Ion Minulescu Street, 031215 Bucharest, Romania; (M.D.S.); (M.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Gabriel Mustatea
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, Dinu Vintila Street 6, 021102 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (L.M.); (D.F.); (R.-D.T.); (A.F.); (A.M.H.)
- Microbiology & Immunology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 077206 Bucharest, Romania
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Kumar J, Kumar A, Maurya AK, Gupta HS, Singh SP, Sharma C. Utilization of Ananas comosus Crown Residue Husk as a Sustainable Strength Additive for EPR/LDPE Blend Composites. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2740-2751. [PMID: 38250353 PMCID: PMC10795151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of waste generated by natural resources is a crucial problem nowadays. The current study describes the utilization of pineapple (Ananas comosus) crown residue husk (PCRh) as a strength additive for low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) composites. The blend composites with 30% husk, 10 wt % EPR, and 60% LDPE content showed much better mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and flexural properties, than pristine LDPE and its binary composite with 10 wt % EPR. The high tensile strength (∼19.28 MPa) and tensile modulus (522.97 MPa) were obtained for the composite consisting of 30 wt % PCRh in the basic polymer matrix. Similarly, the highest flexural strength (∼18.09 MPa) and modulus (∼790.29 MPa) were recorded for the same composition. The incorporation of PCRh with LDPE and EPR was further characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, field emission scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and a universal testing machine to evaluate its impact on various properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Department
of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department
of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Atul Kumar Maurya
- National
Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg
State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762-7500, United States
| | - Hariome Sharan Gupta
- Department
of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Surendra Pal Singh
- Department
of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Chhaya Sharma
- Department
of Paper Technology, Indian Institute of
Technology Roorkee, Saharanpur 247001, India
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Wędrychowicz M, Kurowiak J, Skrzekut T, Noga P. Recycling of Electrical Cables-Current Challenges and Future Prospects. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6632. [PMID: 37895613 PMCID: PMC10608251 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Civilization and technical progress are not possible without energy. Dynamic economic growth translates into a systematic increase in demand for electricity. Ensuring the continuity and reliability of electricity supplies is one of the most important aspects of energy security in highly developed countries. Growing energy consumption results not only in the need to build new power plants but also in the need to expand and increase transmission capacity. Therefore, large quantities of electric cables are produced all over the world, and after some time, they largely become waste. Recycling of electric cables focuses on the recovery of metals, mainly copper and aluminum, while polymer insulation is often considered waste and ends up in landfills. Currently, more and more stringent regulations are being introduced, mainly environmental ones, which require maximizing the reduction in waste. This article provides a literature review on cable recycling, presenting the advantages and disadvantages of various recycling methods, including mechanical and material recycling. It has been found that currently, there are very large possibilities for recycling cables, and intensive scientific work is being carried out on their development, which is consistent with global climate policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Wędrychowicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Z. Szafrana 4 Street, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Jagoda Kurowiak
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Zielona Gora, Prof. Z. Szafrana 4 Street, 65-516 Zielona Gora, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Skrzekut
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (T.S.); (P.N.)
| | - Piotr Noga
- Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave., 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (T.S.); (P.N.)
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da Silveira PHPM, dos Santos MCC, Chaves YS, Ribeiro MP, Marchi BZ, Monteiro SN, Gomes AV, Tapanes NDLCO, Pereira PSDC, Bastos DC. Characterization of Thermo-Mechanical and Chemical Properties of Polypropylene/Hemp Fiber Biocomposites: Impact of Maleic Anhydride Compatibilizer and Fiber Content. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3271. [PMID: 37571165 PMCID: PMC10422450 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive study on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with hemp fibers (HF) and compatibilized with maleic anhydride (MAPP). The composites were processed using a twin-screw extruder, followed by hot compression at 190 °C. Subsequently, the composites were analyzed using Izod impact and Shore D hardness tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. Thermal properties were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were employed to study their chemical properties. Additionally, a statistical analysis was conducted to compare the average results of the impact and hardness tests. XRD analysis revealed that the addition of HF and MAPP led to the disappearance of peaks corresponding to the beta phase in pure PP. Hemp fibers exhibited an impressive crystallinity of 82.10%, surpassing other natural fibers, and had a significant molecular orientation angle (MFA) of 6.06°, making them highly desirable for engineering applications. The crystallite size was observed to be relatively large, at 32.49 nm. FTIR analysis demonstrated strong interactions between the fiber, compatibilizing agent, and polymer matrix. TGA tests showed that the addition of 5 and 10 wt.% MAPP resulted in complete degradation of the composites, similar to pure PP. DSC analyses indicated a reduction in crystallinity (Xc) due to the incorporation of HF and MAPP. Shore D hardness tests revealed an increase in hardness with the addition of 5 wt.% MAPP, while a steep decline in this property was observed with 10 wt.% MAPP. In terms of impact resistance, fractions of 3 and 5 wt.% MAPP in the composites exhibited improved performance compared to the pure polymer. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to ensure the statistical reliability of the mechanical test results. This comprehensive study sheds light on the diverse properties of PP composites reinforced with hemp fibers and compatibilized with MAPP, emphasizing their potential as sustainable materials for engineering applications. The results contribute to the understanding of the structural and functional aspects of these composites, guiding future research and developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique Poubel Mendonça da Silveira
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Mônica Cristina Celestino dos Santos
- Department of Materials, Rio de Janeiro State University, West Zone Campus —UERJ-ZO, Avenida, Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203—Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil; (M.C.C.d.S.); (N.d.L.C.O.T.); (P.S.d.C.P.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Yago Soares Chaves
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Matheus Pereira Ribeiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Belayne Zanini Marchi
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Alaelson Vieira Gomes
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering-IME, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil; (Y.S.C.); (M.P.R.); (B.Z.M.); (S.N.M.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Neyda de La Caridad Om Tapanes
- Department of Materials, Rio de Janeiro State University, West Zone Campus —UERJ-ZO, Avenida, Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203—Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil; (M.C.C.d.S.); (N.d.L.C.O.T.); (P.S.d.C.P.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Patricia Soares da Costa Pereira
- Department of Materials, Rio de Janeiro State University, West Zone Campus —UERJ-ZO, Avenida, Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203—Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil; (M.C.C.d.S.); (N.d.L.C.O.T.); (P.S.d.C.P.); (D.C.B.)
| | - Daniele Cruz Bastos
- Department of Materials, Rio de Janeiro State University, West Zone Campus —UERJ-ZO, Avenida, Manuel Caldeira de Alvarenga, 1203—Campo Grande, Rio de Janeiro 23070-200, Brazil; (M.C.C.d.S.); (N.d.L.C.O.T.); (P.S.d.C.P.); (D.C.B.)
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Hiller BT, Azzi JL, Rennert M. Improvement of the Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Biobased Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) Using Biogenic Wine By-Products as Sustainable Functional Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112533. [PMID: 37299332 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobased poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) represents one promising sustainable alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Its sensitivity to thermo-oxidative degradation is one reason for its limited application. In this research, two different varieties of wine grape pomaces (WPs) were investigated as fully biobased stabilizers. WPs were prepared via simultaneous drying and grinding to be used as bio-additives or functional fillers at higher filling rates. The by-products were characterized in terms of composition and relative moisture, in addition to particle size distribution analysis, TGA, and assays to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity. Biobased PBS was processed with a twin-screw compounder with WP contents up to 20 wt.-%. The thermal and mechanical properties of the compounds were investigated with DSC, TGA, and tensile tests using injection-molded specimens. The thermo-oxidative stability was determined using dynamic OIT and oxidative TGA measurements. While the characteristic thermal properties of the materials remained almost unchanged, the mechanical properties were altered within expected ranges. The analysis of the thermo-oxidative stability revealed WP as an efficient stabilizer for biobased PBS. This research shows that WP, as a low-cost and biobased stabilizer, improves the thermo-oxidative stability of biobased PBS while maintaining its key properties for processing and technical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt T Hiller
- Institute for Biopolymers (ibp) at Hof University, Hof University of Applied Sciences, 95028 Hof, Germany
- Plastics Technology Group, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technische Universität Ilmenau, 98683 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Julia L Azzi
- Medical and Biological Physics Program, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4LD, Canada
| | - Mirko Rennert
- Institute for Biopolymers (ibp) at Hof University, Hof University of Applied Sciences, 95028 Hof, Germany
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dos Santos Filho EA, Luna CBB, Ferreira EDSB, Siqueira DD, Araújo EM. Production of PLA/NR blends compatibilized with EE-g-GMA and POE-g-GMA: an investigation of mechanical, thermal, thermomechanical properties and morphology. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03504-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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