Effect of Electrospun PLGA/Collagen Scaffolds on Cell Adhesion, Viability, and Collagen Release: Potential Applications in Tissue Engineering

Biodegradable Electrospun PLGA Nanofibers-Encapsulated Trichinella Spiralis Antigens Protect from Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Related Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Purpose

Trichinella spiralis has evolved complex immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by excretory-secretory products (ESL1) that enable its survival in the host. Consequently, ESL1 antigens display excellent potential for treating autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). However, whether timely controlled delivery of ESL1 antigens in vivo, as in natural infections, could enhance its therapeutic potential for MS is still unknown.

Methods

To test this, we encapsulated ESL1 antigens into biodegradable poly (lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanofibers by emulsion electrospinning as a delivery system and assessed their release dynamics in vitro, and in an animal MS model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), induced 7 days after PLGA/ESL1 subcutaneous implantation. PLGA/ESL1 effects on EAE symptoms were monitored along with multiple immune cell subsets in target organs at the peak and recovery of EAE. Gut barrier function and microbiota composition were analyzed using qPCR, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomic analyses.

Results

ESL1 antigens, released from PLGA and drained via myeloid antigen-presenting cells through lymph nodes, protected the animals from developing EAE symptoms. These effects correlated with reduced activation of myeloid cells, increased IL-10 expression, and reduced accumulation of proinflammatory natural killer (NK) cells, T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells in the spleen and central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+ regulatory T cells and IL-10-producing B cells were expanded in PLGA/ESL1-treated animals, compared to control animals. The migration of ESL1 to the guts correlated with locally reduced inflammation and gut barrier damage. Additionally, PLGA/ESL1-treated animals displayed an unaltered microbiota characterized only by a more pronounced protective mevalonate pathway and expanded short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, which are known to suppress inflammation.

Conclusion

The delivery of T. spiralis ESL1 antigens via biodegradable electrospun PLGA nanofiber implants efficiently protected the animals from developing EAE by inducing a beneficial immune response in the spleen, gut, and CNS. This platform provides excellent grounds for further development of novel MS therapies.

Polycaprolactone for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Scaffold Design and In Vivo Implications

In the last thirty years, tissue engineering (TI) has emerged as an alternative method to regenerate tissues and organs and restore their function by implanting specific lineage cells, growth factors, or biomolecules functionalizing a matrix scaffold. Recently, several pathologies have led to bone loss or damage, such as malformations, bone resorption associated with benign or malignant tumors, periodontal disease, traumas, and others in which a discontinuity in tissue integrity is observed. Bone tissue is characterized by different stiffness, mechanical traction, and compression resistance as a function of the different compartments, which can influence susceptibility to injury or destruction. For this reason, research into repairing bone defects began several years ago to find a scaffold to improve bone regeneration. Different techniques can be used to manufacture 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration based on optimizing reproducible scaffolds with a controlled hierarchical porous structure like the extracellular matrix of bone. Additionally, the scaffolds synthesized can facilitate the inclusion of bone or mesenchymal stem cells with growth factors that improve bone osteogenesis, recruiting new cells for the neighborhood to generate an optimal environment for tissue regeneration. In this review, current state-of-the-art scaffold manufacturing based on the use of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a biomaterial for bone tissue regeneration will be described by reporting relevant studies focusing on processing techniques, from traditional-i.e., freeze casting, thermally induced phase separation, gas foaming, solvent casting, and particle leaching-to more recent approaches, such as 3D additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing/bioprinting, electrofluid dynamics/electrospinning), as well as integrated techniques. As a function of the used technique, this work aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the benefits/limitations of PCL-based scaffolds in order to establish a relationship between scaffold composition, namely integration of other biomaterial phases' structural properties (i.e., pore morphology and mechanical properties) and in vivo response.

Extraction of Natural-Based Raw Materials Towards the Production of Sustainable Man-Made Organic Fibres

Bioresources have been gaining popularity due to their abundance, renewability, and recyclability. Nevertheless, given their diverse composition and complex hierarchical structures, these bio-based sources must be carefully processed to effectively extract valuable raw polymeric materials suitable for producing man-made organic fibres. This review will first highlight the most relevant bio-based sources, with a particular focus on promising unconventional biomass sources (terrestrial vegetables, aquatic vegetables, fungi, and insects), as well as agroforestry and industrial biowaste (food, paper/wood, and textile). For each source, typical applications and the biopolymers usually extracted will also be outlined. Furthermore, acknowledging the challenging lignocellulosic structure and composition of these sources, an overview of conventional and emerging pre-treatments and extraction methods, namely physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological methodologies, will also be presented. Additionally, this review aims to explore the applications of the compounds obtained in the production of man-made organic fibres (MMOFs). A brief description of their evolution and their distinct properties will be described, as well as the most prominent commercial MMOFs currently available. Ultimately, this review concludes with future perspectives concerning the pursuit of greener and sustainable polymeric sources, as well as effective extraction processes. The potential and main challenges of implementing these sources in the production of alternative man-made organic fibres for diverse applications will also be highlighted.

Ionically-crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan scaffolds by additive manufacturing for antimicrobial wound dressing applications

Chitosan chemical functionalization is a powerful tool to provide novel materials for additive manufacturing strategies. The main aim of this study was the employment of computer-aided wet spinning (CAWS) for the first time to design and fabricate carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) scaffolds. For this purpose, the synthesis of a chitosan derivative with a high degree of O-substitution (1.07) and water soluble in a large pH range allowed the fabrication of scaffolds with a 3D interconnected porous structure. In particular, the developed scaffolds were composed of CMCS fibers with a small diameter (< 60 μm) and a hollow structure due to a fast non solvent-induced coagulation. Zn2+ ionotropic crosslinking endowed the CMCS scaffolds with stability in aqueous solutions, pH-sensitive water uptake capability, and antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, post-printing functionalization through collagen grafting resulted in a decreased stiffness (1.6 ± 0.3 kPa) and a higher elongation at break (101 ± 9 %) of CMCS scaffolds, as well as in their improved ability to support in vitro fibroblast viability and wound healing process. The obtained results encourage therefore further investigation of the developed scaffolds as antimicrobial wound dressing hydrogels for skin regeneration.

A multifunctional photothermal electrospun PLGA/MoS2@Pd nanofiber membrane for diabetic wound healing

Injury caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to susceptibility to bacterial infection and sustained inflammatory response, which are the major factors impeding diabetic wound healing. By utilizing optimal anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial biomaterials for multifunctional wound dressings is critical in clinical applications. In this study, a novel electrospun PLGA/MoS2@Pd nanofiber membrane was synthesized by encapsulating antioxidant and near-infrared (NIR) responsive MOS2@Pd nanozymes in PLGA nanofibers to form a multifunctional dressing for diabetic wound repair. With excellent biocompatibility and hemostatic ability, this novel PLGA/MoS2@Pd nanofiber membrane can effectively reduce oxidative stress damage and intracellular inflammatory factors expression in fibroblasts by scavenging ROS. Additionally, the PLGA/MoS2@Pd nanofiber membrane exhibited favorable NIR-mediated photothermal antibacterial activity in vitro, with inhibition rates of 97.14% and 97.07% against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia coli (E.coli), respectively. In a diabetic rat wound infection model, NIR-assisted PLGA/MoS2@Pd nanofiber membrane effectively inhibited bacterial growth in the wound, reduced infection-induced inflammatory response, and promoted tissue epithelialization and collagen deposition, resulting in a wound healing rate of up to 98.5% on Day 14. This study highlighted the construction of a multifunctional nanofiber membrane platform and demonstrated its promising potential as a clinical dressing for diabetic wounds.

Atopic dermatitis treatment: A comprehensive review of conventional and novel bioengineered approaches

Atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a challenging condition, with conventional treatments often leading to adverse effects and limited efficacy. This review explores the diverse landscape of AD treatments, encompassing conventional methods, novel topical and systemic therapies, and emerging bioengineered strategies. While conventional drug administration often requires high dosages or frequent administration, leading to adverse effects, targeted biologics have shown promise. Phototherapy and wet wrap therapy, while helpful, have limitations. Given these factors, the need for modern and effective therapeutic strategies for AD is pressing. Complementary or alternative therapies have garnered significant attention in recent years as a compelling treatment for AD. Among these, functionalized biomaterials and textiles with physicochemical, nanotechnology-based characteristics, or bioengineered features are some of the most common typical adjuvant therapies. The multifunctional-engineered biomaterials, as a new generation of biomedical materials, and stem cells, seem to hold tremendous promise for the treatment of dermatological diseases like AD. Biomaterials have seen great success, especially in various medical fields, due to their unique and adaptable characteristics. These materials, including collagen, PCL, and PLGA, offer unique advantages, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, controlled drug release, and enhanced drug retention.

Hybrid poly(lactide-co-glycolide) membranes incorporated with Doxycycline-loaded copper-based metal-organic nanosheets as antibacterial platforms

The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates innovative strategies to combat persistent infections. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention as antibiotic carriers due to their high drug loading capacity and structural adaptability. In particular, 2D MOF nanosheets are emerging as a notable alternative to their traditional 3D relatives due to their remarkable advantages in enhanced surface area, flexibility and exposed active region properties. Herein, we synthesized 2D copper 1,4-benzendicarboxylate (CuBDC) nanosheets and utilized them as a carrier and controlled release system for Doxycycline (Doxy@CuBDC), for the first time. The Doxy@CuBDC nanosheets were subsequently incorporated into Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) electrospun membranes (Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA). The resultant bioactive fibrous membranes exhibited double-barrier controlled release properties, extending the Doxy release up to ∼9 d at pH 7.4 and 5.5. Significant inhibitory effects againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia coliwere observed. The morphological analyses revealed the deformed bacterial cell structures on Doxy@CuBDC/PLGA membranes that indicates potent bactericidal activity. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the non-toxic nature of the fabricated membranes, underscoring their potential use for biomedical applications. Overall, the hybrid antibacterial PLGA membranes present a promising strategy for combating microbial infections while maintaining biocompatibility and offer a versatile approach for biomedical material design and surface coatings (e.g. wound dressings, implants).

Synthesis and characterization of new electrospun medical scaffold-based modified cellulose nanofiber and bioactive natural propolis for potential wound dressing applications

Recently, the design of polymer nanofibers using the electrospinning process has attracted much interest. Particularly the use of natural polymers has promoted many advantages in their biomedical applications. However, the combination of multiple natural polymers remains a great challenge in terms of electrospun production and applied performance. From this perspective, the current investigation highlights the study of the preparation of electrospun nanomaterial scaffolds based on combined natural polymers for improved wound healing performance. First, we have synthesized a crosslinked polymer by reacting microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and chitosan (CS) biopolymer via the intermediate of citric acid as a crosslinking agent. Then a natural propolis biomolecule was incorporated into the polymer network. Different MC/CS blend ratios of 90/10 and 70/30 were then used and various machine parameters were optimized to obtain nanofiber scaffolds with excellent strength and structures. SEM, IR, physicochemical, mechanical, and morpho-logical characterization were then performed. SEM evaluation revealed homogeneous and bead-free nanofibrous structures, with well-defined morphology and a random deposition that could accurately mimic the extracellular matrix of native skin. The calculated average nanofiber diameters for the MC/CS blend ratios at 90/10 and 70/30 were 431.4 and 441.2 nm, respectively. The results showed that when the chitosan amount increased, larger nanofibers with narrow diameter distribution appeared. The prepared nanomaterials had a significant and close water vapor permeability of about 1735.12 and 1698.52 g per m per day for the two blend ratios of 90/10 and 70/30, respectively. The examination of swelling behavior revealed a noteworthy enhancement in hydrophilicity, a necessary attribute for improved healing efficacy. FT-IR analysis confirmed the success and the stability of the chemical crosslinking reaction between the two biopolymers before nanofiber conception. Excellent mechanical properties were acquired, based on the chitosan content. Both developed nanofiber scaffolds exhibited high tensile strength and Young's modulus values. The incorporation of 30% chitosan versus 10% results in an increase in tensile strength of 11% and 14% in Young's modulus. Therefore, we could adjust the different mechanical properties simply by varying the mixing rate of the electrospun polymers. Using epithelial HepG2 cells, viability and kinetic cell adhesion assays were assessed to obtain biological evaluation. No cytotoxicity was observed and good cytocompatibility was confirmed. Functionalized nanofiber biomaterials with different MC/CS ratios substantiated significant bactericidal effectiveness against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial culture strains. The novel functional electrospun wound dressing scaffold demonstrated effective and promising biomedical performance, healing both acute and chronic wounds.

Sustainability in the green engineering of nanocomposites based on marine-derived polysaccharides and collagens: A review

Nanocomposites are sophisticated materials that incorporate nanostructures into matrix materials, such as polymers, ceramics and metals. Generally, the marine ecosystem exhibits severe variability in terms of light, temperature, pressure, and nutrient status, forcing the marine organisms to develop variable, complex and unique chemical structures to boost their competitiveness and chances of survival. Polymers sourced from marine creatures, such as chitin, chitosan, alginate, sugars, proteins, and collagen play a crucial role in the bioengineering field, contributing significantly to the development of nanostructures like nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanotubes, quantum dots, etc. These nanostructures offer a wide array of features involving mechanical strength, thermal stability, electrical conductivity, barrier and optical characteristics compared to traditional composites. Notably, marine nanocomposites have distinctive roles in a wide spectrum of applications, among them anti-cancer, anti-microbial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, food packing, tissue engineering and catalytic actions. Sol-gel, hot pressing, chemical vapor deposition, catalytic decomposition, dispersion, melt intercalation, in situ intercalative polymerization, high-energy ball milling and template synthesis are common processes utilized in engineering nanocomposites. According to our literature survey and the Web of Science, chitosan, followed by cellulose, chitin and MAPs emerge as the most significant marine polymers utilized in the construction of nanocomposites. Taken together, the current manuscript underscores the biogenesis of nanocomposites, employing marine polymers using eco-friendly processes. Furthermore, significant emphasis in this area is needed to fully explore their capabilities and potential benefits. To the best of our knowledge, this manuscript stands as the first comprehensive review that discusses the role of marine-derived polymers in engineering nanocomposites for various applications.

Nanofiber Graft Therapy to Prevent Shoulder Stiffness and Adhesions after Rotator Cuff Tendon Repair: A Comprehensive Review

Stiffness and adhesions following rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are common complications that negatively affect surgical outcomes and impede healing, thereby increasing the risk of morbidity and failure of surgical interventions. Tissue engineering, particularly through the use of nanofiber scaffolds, has emerged as a promising regenerative medicine strategy to address these complications. This review critically assesses the efficacy and limitations of nanofiber-based methods in promoting rotator cuff (RC) regeneration and managing postrepair stiffness and adhesions. It also discusses the need for a multidisciplinary approach to advance this field and highlights important considerations for future clinical trials.

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffold for Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review

Skin tissue engineering (STE) is widely regarded as an effective approach for skin regeneration. Several synthetic biomaterials utilized for STE have demonstrated favorable fibrillar characteristics, facilitating the regeneration of skin tissue at the site of injury, yet they have exhibited a lack of in situ degradation. Various types of skin regenerative materials, such as hydrogels, nanofiber scaffolds, and 3D-printing composite scaffolds, have recently emerged for use in STE. Electrospun nanofiber scaffolds possess distinct advantages, such as their wide availability, similarity to natural structures, and notable tissue regenerative capabilities, which have garnered the attention of researchers. Hence, electrospun nanofiber scaffolds may serve as innovative biological materials possessing the necessary characteristics and potential for use in tissue engineering. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds to facilitate regeneration of skin tissues. Nevertheless, there is a need to enhance the rapid degradation and limited mechanical properties of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds in order to strengthen their effectiveness in soft tissue engineering applications in clinical settings. This Review centers on advanced research into electrospun nanofiber scaffolds, encompassing preparation methods, materials, fundamental research, and preclinical applications in the field of science, technology, and engineering. The existing challenges and prospects of electrospun nanofiber scaffolds in STE are also addressed.

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

Due to limitations of biological and alloplastic grafts, regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to treat bone defects. Bioactive polymeric scaffolds are an integral part of such an approach. Bioactivity importantly induces hydroxyapatite mineralization that promotes osteoinductivity and osseointegration with surrounding bone tissue. Strategies to confer bioactivity to polymeric scaffolds utilize bioceramic fillers, coatings and surface treatments, and additives. These approaches can also favorably impact mechanical and degradation properties. A variety of fabrication methods are utilized to prepare scaffolds with requisite morphological features. The bioactivity of scaffolds may be evaluated with a broad set of techniques, including in vitro (acellular and cellular) and in vivo methods. Herein, we highlight contemporary and emerging approaches to prepare and assess scaffold bioactivity, as well as existing challenges.

Optimization of Polycaprolactone and Type I Collagen Scaffold for Tendon Tissue Regeneration

Introduction Collagen synthesis is vital for restoring musculoskeletal tissues, particularly in tendon and ligamentous structures. Tissue engineering utilizes scaffolds for cell adhesion and differentiation. Although synthetic scaffolds offer initial strength, their long-term stability is surpassed by biological scaffolds. Combining polycaprolactone (PCL) toughness with collagen in scaffold design, this study refines fabrication via electrospinning, aiming to deliver enduring biomimetic matrices for widespread applications in musculoskeletal repair. Methods Electrospinning employed four solutions with varied collagen and PCL concentrations, dissolved in chloroform, methanol, and hexafluoro-2-propanol. Solutions were combined to yield 60 mg/mL concentrations with different collagen/PCL ratios. Electrospinning at 12-14kV voltage produced scaffolds, followed by vacuum-drying. Collagen coating was applied to PCL and 15% collagen/PCL scaffolds using a 0.1% collagen solution. SEM characterized fiber morphology, tensile testing was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of the scaffold, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyzed scaffold composition. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyzed the stiffness properties of individual fibers, and a finite element model was developed to predict the mechanical properties. Cell culture involved seeding human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells onto scaffolds, which were assessed through Alamar Blue assay and confocal imaging. Results Various scaffolds (100% PCL, PCL-15% collagen, PCL-25% collagen, PCL-35% collagen) were fabricated to emulate the extracellular matrix, revealing collagen's impact on fiber diameter reduction with increasing concentration. Tensile testing highlighted collagen's initial enhancement of mechanical strength, followed by a decline beyond PCL-15% collagen. FTIR spectroscopy detected potential hydrogen bonding between collagen and PCL. A finite element model predicted scaffold response to external forces which was validated by the tensile test data. Cell viability and proliferation assays demonstrated successful plating on all scaffolds, with optimal proliferation observed in PCL-25% collagen. Confocal imaging confirmed stem cell integration into the three-dimensional material. Collagen coating preserved nanofiber morphology, with no significant changes in diameter. Coating of collagen significantly altered the tensile strength of the scaffolds at the macro scale. AFM highlighted stiffness differences between PCL and collagen-coated PCL mats at the single fiber scale. The coating process did not significantly enhance initial cell attachment but promoted increased proliferation on collagen-coated PCL scaffolds. Conclusion The study reveals collagen-induced mechanical and morphological alterations, influencing fiber alignment, diameter, and chemical composition while emphasizing scaffolds' vital role in providing a controlled niche for stem cell proliferation and differentiation. The optimization of each of these scaffold characteristics and subsequent finite element modeling can lead to highly repeatable and ideal scaffold properties for stem cell integration and proliferation.

A systematic review on green and natural polymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications

Electrospinning is the simplest technique to produce ultrathin nanofibers, which enables the use of nanotechnology in various applications. Nanofibrous materials produced through electrospinning have garnered significant attention in biomedical applications due to their unique properties and versatile potential. In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on incorporating sustainability principles into material design and production. However, electrospun nanofibers, owing to their reliance on solvents associated with significant drawbacks like toxicity, flammability, and disposal challenges, frequently fall short of meeting environmentally friendly standards. Due to the limited solvent choices and heightened concerns for safety and hygiene in modern living, it becomes imperative to carefully assess the implications of employing electrospun nanofibers in diverse applications and consumer products. This systematic review aims to comprehensively assess the current state of research and development in the field of "green and natural" electrospun polymer nanofibers as well as more fascinating and eco-friendly commercial techniques, solvent preferences, and other green routes that respect social and legal restrictions tailored for biomedical applications. We explore the utilization of biocompatible and biodegradable polymers sourced from renewable feedstocks, eco-friendly processing techniques, and the evaluation of environmental impacts. Our review highlights the potential of green and natural electrospun nanofibers to address sustainability concerns while meeting the demanding requirements of various biomedical applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound healing, and diagnostic platforms. We analyze the advantages, challenges, and future prospects of these materials, offering insights into the evolving landscape of environmentally responsible nanofiber technology in the biomedical field.

Acellular dermal matrix in urethral reconstruction

The management of severe urethral stricture has always posed a formidable challenge. Traditional approaches such as skin flaps, mucosal grafts, and urethroplasty may not be suitable for lengthy and intricate strictures. In the past two decades, tissue engineering solutions utilizing acellular dermal matrix have emerged as potential alternatives. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is a non-immunogenic biological collagen scaffold that has demonstrated its ability to induce layer-by-layer tissue regeneration. The application of ADM in urethral reconstruction through tissue engineering has become a practical endeavor. This article provides an overview of the preparation, characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of ADM along with its utilization in urethral reconstruction via tissue engineering.

In vitro and in vivo studies of Syzygium cumini-loaded electrospun PLGA/PMMA/collagen nanofibers for accelerating topical wound healing

This work aims to develop plant extract-loaded electrospun nanofiber as an effective wound dressing scaffolds for topical wound healing. Electrospun nanofibers were fabricated from Syzygium cumini leaf extract (SCLE), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), collagen and glycine. Electrospinning conditions were optimized to allow the formation of nanosized and uniform fibers that display smooth surface. Morphology and swelling behavior of the formed nanofibers were studied. In addition, the antibacterial activity of the nanofibers against multidrug-resistant and human pathogens was assessed by agar-well diffusion. Results showed that nanofibers containing Syzygium cumini extract at concentrations of 0.5 and 1% w/v exhibited greater antibacterial activity against the tested Gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Bacillus cereus) and Gram-negative (i.e., Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli) pathogens compared to the same concentrations of the plain extract. Furthermore, in vivo wound healing was evaluated in Wistar rats over a period of 14 days. In vivo results demonstrated that nanofiber mats containing SCLE and collagen significantly improved wound healing within two weeks, compared to the control untreated group. These findings highlight the potential of fabricated nanofibers in accelerating wound healing and management of topical acute wounds.

Fabrication and characterization of metformin-loaded PLGA/Collagen nanofibers for modulation of macrophage polarization for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

In tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine, the accessibility of engineered scaffolds that modulate inflammatory states is extremely necessary. The aim of the current work was to assess the efficacy of metformin (MET) incorporated in PLGA/Collagen nanofibers (Met-PLGA/Col NFs) to modulate RAW264.7 macrophage phenotype from pro-inflammatory status (M1) to anti-inflammatory status (M2). Given this, MET-PLGA/Col NFs were fabricated using an electrospinning technique. Structural characterization such as morphology, chemical and mechanical properties, and drug discharge pattern were assessed. MTT assay test exposed that MET-PLGA/Col NFs remarkably had increased cell survival in comparison with pure PLGA/Collagen NFs and control (p < 0.05) 72 h after incubation. Based on the qPCR assay, a reduction in the expression of iNOS-2 and SOCS3 was found in the cells seeded on MET-PLGA/Col NFs, demonstrating the substantial modulation of the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype. Moreover, it was determined a main decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediator's expression but the growth factors amount related to anti-inflammatory M2 were meaningfully upregulated. Finally, MET-PLGA/Col NFs possibly will ensure a beneficial potential for effective variation of the macrophage response from an inflammatory phase (M1) to a pro-regenerative (M2) phase.