1
|
Huang H, Liu X, Wang J, Suo M, Zhang J, Sun T, Wang H, Liu C, Li Z. Strategies to improve the performance of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) as orthopedic implants: from surface modification to addition of bioactive materials. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4533-4552. [PMID: 38477504 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02740f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), as a high-performance polymer, is widely used for bone defect repair due to its homogeneous modulus of elasticity of human bone, good biocompatibility, excellent chemical stability and projectability. However, the highly hydrophobic surface of PEEK is biologically inert, which makes it difficult for cells and proteins to attach, and is accompanied by the development of infections that ultimately lead to failure of PEEK implants. In order to further enhance the potential of PEEK as an orthopedic implant, researchers have explored modification methods such as surface modification by physical and chemical means and the addition of bioactive substances to PEEK-based materials to enhance the mechanical properties, osteogenic activity and antimicrobial properties of PEEK. However, these current modification methods still have obvious shortcomings in terms of cost, maneuverability, stability and cytotoxicity, which still need to be explored by researchers. This paper reviews some of the modification methods that have been used to improve the performance of PEEK over the last three years in anticipation of the need for researchers to design PEEK orthopedic implants that better meet clinical needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Moran Suo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghua Wang
- Division of Energy Materials (DNL22), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Chengde Liu
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhonghai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism for Repair and Remodeling of Orthopedic Diseases, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aversa R, Ricciotti L, Perrotta V, Apicella A. Thermokinetic and Chemorheology of the Geopolymerization of an Alumina-Rich Alkaline-Activated Metakaolin in Isothermal and Dynamic Thermal Scans. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:211. [PMID: 38257011 PMCID: PMC10819406 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alkaline sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate-activating high-purity metakaolin geopolymerization is described in terms of metakaolin deconstruction in tetrahedral hydrate silicate [O[Si(OH)3]]- and aluminate [Al(OH)4]- ionic precursors followed by their reassembling in linear and branched sialates monomers that randomly copolymerize into an irregular crosslinked aluminosilicate network. The novelty of the approach resides in the concurrent thermo-calorimetric (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and rheological (dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA) characterizations of the liquid slurry during the transformation into a gel and a structural glassy solid. Tests were run either in temperature scan (1 °C/min) or isothermal (20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C) cure conditions. A Gaussian functions deconvolution method has been applied to the DSC multi-peak thermograms to separate the kinetic contributions of the oligomer's concurrent reactions. DSC thermograms of all tested materials are well-fitted by a combination of three overlapping Gaussian curves that are associated with the initial linear low-molecular-weight (Mw) oligomers (P1) formation, oligomers branching into alumina-rich and silica-rich gels (P2), and inter- and intra-molecular crosslinking (P3). The loss factor has been used to define viscoelastic behavioral zones for each DMA rheo-thermogram operated in the same DSC thermal conditions. Macromolecular evolution and viscoelastic properties have been obtained by pairing the deconvoluted DSC thermograms with the viscoelastic behavioral zones of the DMA rheo-thermograms. Two main chemorheological behaviors have been identified relative to pre- and post-gelation separation of the viscoelastic liquid from the viscoelastic solid. Each comprises three behavioral zones, accounting for the concurrently occurring linear and branching oligomerization, aluminate-rich and silica-rich gel nucleations, crosslinking, and vitrification. A "rubbery plateau" in the loss factor path, observed for all the testing conditions, identifies a large behavioral transition zone dividing the incipient gelling liquid slurry from the material hard setting and vitrification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Aversa
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (L.R.); (V.P.)
| | | | | | - Antonio Apicella
- Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via San Lorenzo, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (L.R.); (V.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de la Torre GMO, Tatarková M, Netriová Z, Barlog M, Bertolla L, Hnatko M, Taveri G. Applying the Alkali-Activation Method to Encapsulate Silicon Nitride Particles in a Bioactive Matrix for Augmented Strength and Bioactivity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:328. [PMID: 38255496 PMCID: PMC10817523 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The development of bioactive ceramics still poses challenges in finding a good compromise between bioactivity and mechanical robustness. Moreover, a facile, low-cost and energy-saving synthesis technique is still needed. This study concerns the synthesis of a bioactive material by growing a bioactive Na-Ca-Mg-Si-based ceramic matrix produced using the alkali-activation method on silicon nitride (Si3N4) particles. This technique simultaneously forms the matrix precursor and functionalizes the Si3N4 particles' surface. The optimal strength-bioactivity compromise was found for the composition containing 60 wt.% Si3N4 and 40 wt.% of the matrix exhibiting good compressive strength of up to 110 MPa and extensive precipitation of hydroxyapatite on the sample surface after 7 days of soaking in simulated body fluid. This innovative approach merging strong non-oxide binary ceramics with the versatile and low-cost alkali-activation method holds great expectations for the future in biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Manuel Olvera de la Torre
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Monika Tatarková
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Zuzana Netriová
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Barlog
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
| | - Luca Bertolla
- Institute of Physics of Materials (IPM), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASCR), Žižkova 22, 117 20 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Hnatko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Applications (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gianmarco Taveri
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (ICC), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia; (G.M.O.d.l.T.); (M.T.); (Z.N.); (M.B.); (M.H.)
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Applications (CEMEA), Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAV), Dubrávska cesta 9, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ricciotti L, Apicella A, Perrotta V, Aversa R. Geopolymer Materials for Extrusion-Based 3D-Printing: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4688. [PMID: 38139940 PMCID: PMC10748020 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper examines how extrusion-based 3D-printing technology is evolving, utilising geopolymers (GPs) as sustainable inorganic aluminosilicate materials. Particularly, the current state of 3D-printing geopolymers is critically examined in this study from the perspectives of the production process, printability need, mix design, early-age material features, and sustainability, with an emphasis on the effects of various elements including the examination of the fresh and hardened properties of 3D-printed geopolymers, depending on the matrix composition, reinforcement type, curing process, and printing configuration. The differences and potential of two-part and one-part geopolymers are also analysed. The applications of advanced printable geopolymer materials and products are highlighted, along with some specific examples. The primary issues, outlooks, and paths for future efforts necessary to advance this technology are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ricciotti
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (A.A.); (V.P.); (R.A.)
- Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Antonio Apicella
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (A.A.); (V.P.); (R.A.)
- Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Valeria Perrotta
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (A.A.); (V.P.); (R.A.)
- Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| | - Raffaella Aversa
- Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy; (A.A.); (V.P.); (R.A.)
- Advanced Material Laboratory, Department of Architecture and Industrial Design, University of Campania, Luigi Vanvitelli, 81031 Aversa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ekinci F, Asuroglu T, Acici K. Monte Carlo Simulation of TRIM Algorithm in Ceramic Biomaterial in Proton Therapy. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4833. [PMID: 37445147 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials play a crucial role in enhancing human health and quality of life. They are employed in applications such as tissue substitution, diagnostic tools, medical supplies, therapeutic treatments, regenerative medicine, and radiation dosimetric studies. However, their predisposition to proton therapy, which is a trending treatment in the world, has not been adequately studied. Ceramic biomaterials, known for their hardness and durability, offer versatile uses, especially in bone tissue replacements. The wide range of physical, mechanical, and chemical properties exhibited by ceramics has spurred extensive research, development, and application in this field. This study focuses on investigating and analyzing the ionization, recoils, phonon release, collision events, and lateral scattering properties of ceramic biomaterials that closely resemble bone tissue in proton therapy applications. Monte Carlo (MC) Transport of Ions in Matter (TRIM) simulation tools were utilized for this analysis. The results showed that Silicon dioxide exhibited the Bragg peak position closest to bone tissue, with a deviation of 10.6%. The average recoils differed by 1.7%, and the lateral scattering differed by 3.6%. The main innovation of this study lies in considering interactions such as recoil, collision events, phonon production, and lateral scattering when selecting biomaterials, despite their limited digitization and understanding. By evaluating all these interactions, the study aimed to identify the most suitable ceramic biomaterial to replace bone tissue in proton therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Ekinci
- Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tunc Asuroglu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Koray Acici
- Artifical Intelligence and Data Engineerig, Ankara University, 06830 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Drabczyk A, Kudłacik-Kramarczyk S, Korniejenko K, Figiela B, Furtos G. Review of Geopolymer Nanocomposites: Novel Materials for Sustainable Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093478. [PMID: 37176360 PMCID: PMC10179758 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for geopolymer materials is constantly growing. This, in turn, translates into an increasing number of studies aimed at developing new approaches to the methodology of geopolymer synthesis. The range of potential applications of geopolymers can be increased by improving the properties of the components. Future directions of studies on geopolymer materials aim at developing geopolymers showing excellent mechanical properties but also demonstrating significant improvement in thermal, magnetic, or sorption characteristics. Additionally, the current efforts focus not only on the materials' properties but also on obtaining them as a result of environment-friendly approaches performed in line with circular economy assumptions. Scientists look for smart and economical solutions such that a small amount of the modifier will translate into a significant improvement in functional properties. Thus, special attention is paid to the application of nanomaterials. This article presents selected nanoparticles incorporated into geopolymer matrices, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanosilica, and titanium dioxide. The review was prepared employing scientific databases, with particular attention given to studies on geopolymer nanocomposites. The purpose of this review article is to discuss geopolymer nanocomposites in the context of a sustainable development approach. Importantly, the main focus is on the influence of these nanomaterials on the physicochemical properties of geopolymer nanocomposites. Such a combination of geopolymer technology and nanotechnology seems to be promising in terms of preparation of nanocomposites with a variety of potential uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Drabczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| | - Sonia Kudłacik-Kramarczyk
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| | - Kinga Korniejenko
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Figiela
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Cracow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Furtos
- "Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|