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Sharma P, Sharma A, Lee HJ. Antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:135536. [PMID: 39349319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have multifunctional capabilities owing to their diverse structural conformations, monosaccharide compositions, functional groups, and molecular weights. A review paper on EPS production and antioxidant potential of different LAB genera has not been thoroughly reviewed. Therefore, the current review provides comprehensive information on the biosynthesis of EPSs, including the isolation source, type, characterization techniques, and application, with a primary focus on their antioxidant potential. According to this review, 17 species of Lactobacillus, five species of Bifidobacterium, four species of Leuconostoc, three species of Weissella, Enterococcus, and Lactococcus, two species of Pediococcus, and one Streptococcus species have been documented to exhibit antioxidant activity. Of the 111 studies comprehensively reviewed, 98 evaluated the radical scavenging activity of EPSs through chemical-based assays, whereas the remaining studies documented the antioxidant activity using cell and animal models. Studies have shown that different LAB genera have a unique capacity to produce homo- (HoPs) and heteropolysaccharides (HePs), with varied carbohydrate compositions, linkages, and molecular weights. Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Pediococcus were the main HoPs producers, whereas the remaining genera were the main HePs producers. Recent trends in EPSs production and blending to improve their properties have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Jeung Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Zheng G, Zhou Z, Zhu M, Tang S. Co-delivery of siRNA and cisplatin via electrospun Nanofibrous membranes for synergistic treatment of malignant melanoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e37517. [PMID: 39290263 PMCID: PMC11407083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor recurrence and metastasis remain formidable challenges in clinical oncology. Although surgery is an effective treatment for early-stage solid tumors, residual cancer cells can lead to subsequent recurrence or metastasis. Conventional treatments for melanoma, such as anti-tumor medications and gene therapy, have distinct limitations. The rapid systemic distribution of anti-tumor drugs poses a significant challenge, often resulting in notable side effects and inadequate drug concentrations at the tumor site. Melanoma (MM), a deadly form of skin cancer, is known for its high mortality rate. In this study, we propose a novel strategy for treating MM by combining the controlled release of chemotherapeutic drugs encapsulated within Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) and liposomes with gene therapy targeting Minichromosome Maintenance Proteins 4 (MCM4) using electrospinning and surface modification techniques. In vitro and in vivo results confirmed that this hierarchical membrane system can effectively deliver therapeutic MCM4 siRNA and release cisplatin to inhibit tumor growth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MCM4 silencing promoted the sensitivity of melanoma cells to ferroptosis both in vitro and in vivo. The proposed strategy, by allowing for a controlled and sustained release of medication, could alleviate the challenges in drug delivery and aid in prevent tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Guoxing Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Zibin Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
| | - Mingyu Zhu
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Burn Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515000, China
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Pham TT, Nguyen TD, Nguyen TT, Pham MN, Nguyen PT, Nguyen TUT, Huynh TTN, Nguyen HT. Rhizosphere bacterial exopolysaccharides: composition, biosynthesis, and their potential applications. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:388. [PMID: 39196410 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04113-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are biopolymers of carbohydrates, often released from cells into the extracellular environment. Due to their distinctive physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity, EPS finds applications in various industrial sectors. However, the need for alternative EPS has grown over the past few decades as lactic acid bacteria's (LAB) low-yield EPS is unable to meet the demand. In this case, rhizosphere bacteria with the diverse communities in soil leading to variations in composition and structure, are recognized as a potential source of EPS applicable in various industries. In addition, media components and cultivation conditions have an impact on EPS production, which ultimately affects the quantity, structure, and biological functions of the EPS. Therefore, scientists are currently working on manipulating bacterial EPS by developing cultures and applying abiotic and biotic stresses, so that better production of exopolysaccharides can be attained. This review highlights the composition, biosynthesis, and effects of environmental factors on EPS production along with the potential applications in different fields of industry. Ultimately, an overview of potential future paths and tactics for improving EPS implementation and commercialization is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thi-Tho Nguyen
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Minh-Nhut Pham
- Hutech Institute of Applied Science, HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phu-Tho Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - To-Uyen Thi Nguyen
- Graduate University of Sciences and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | | | - Huu-Thanh Nguyen
- An Giang University, An Giang, Vietnam.
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Andrew M, Jayaraman G. Production optimization and antioxidant potential of exopolysaccharide produced by a moderately halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38963714 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2024.2370879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to enhance the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production of Virgibacillus dokdonensis VITP14 and explore its antioxidant potential. EPS and biomass production by VITP14 strain were studied under different culture parameters and media compositions using one factor at a time method. Among different nutrient sources, glucose and peptone were identified as suitable carbon and nitrogen sources. Furthermore, the maximum EPS production was observed at 5% of inoculum size, 5 g/L of NaCl, and 96 h of fermentation. Response surface methodology was employed to augment EPS production and investigate the optimal levels of nutrient sources with their interaction. The strain was observed to produce actual maximum EPS of about 26.4 g/L for finalized optimum medium containing glucose 20 g/L, peptone 10 g/L, and NaCl 50 g/L while the predicted maximum EPS was 26.5 g/L. There was a nine fold increase in EPS production after optimization study. Additionally, EPS has exhibited significant scavenging, reducing, and chelating potential (>85%) at their higher concentration. This study imparts valuable insights into optimizing moderately halophilic bacterial EPS production and evaluating its natural antioxidant properties. According to findings, V. dokdonensis VITP14 was a promising isolate that will provide significant benefits to biopolymer producing industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monic Andrew
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gurunathan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jeong JP, Yoon I, Kim K, Jung S. Structural and Physiochemical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Succinoglycan Biodegradable Films. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1783. [PMID: 39000639 PMCID: PMC11244272 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-bacterial succinoglycan (SG) biodegradable films were developed through a solvent-casting method. Effects of the PVA/SG ratio on the thickness, transmittance, water holding capacity, and structural and mechanical properties were investigated by various analytical methods. All the prepared films were transparent and uniform, and XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed that PVA was successfully incorporated into SG. The films also showed excellent UV-blocking ability: up to close to 80% with increasing SG concentration. The formation of effective intermolecular interactions between these polymers was evidenced by their high tensile strength and moisture transport capacity. By measuring the biodegradation rate, it was confirmed that films with high SG content showed the fastest biodegradation rate over 5 days. These results confirm that PVA/SG films are eco-friendly, with both excellent biodegradability and effective UV-blocking ability, suggesting the possibility of industrial applications as a packaging material in various fields in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Pil Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Inwoo Yoon
- Department of System Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of System Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Tiwari ON, Bobby MN, Kondi V, Halder G, Kargarzadeh H, Ikbal AMA, Bhunia B, Thomas S, Efferth T, Chattopadhyay D, Palit P. Comprehensive review on recent trends and perspectives of natural exo-polysaccharides: Pioneering nano-biotechnological tools. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130747. [PMID: 38479657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), originating from various microbes, and mushrooms, excel in their conventional role in bioremediation to showcase diverse applications emphasizing nanobiotechnology including nano-drug carriers, nano-excipients, medication and/or cell encapsulation, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnostics, and associated treatments. Acknowledged for contributions to adsorption, nutrition, and biomedicine, EPSs are emerging as appealing alternatives to traditional polymers, for biodegradability and biocompatibility. This article shifts away from the conventional utility to delve deeply into the expansive landscape of EPS applications, particularly highlighting their integration into cutting-edge nanobiotechnological methods. Exploring EPS synthesis, extraction, composition, and properties, the discussion emphasizes their structural diversity with molecular weight and heteropolymer compositions. Their role as raw materials for value-added products takes center stage, with critical insights into recent applications in nanobiotechnology. The multifaceted potential, biological relevance, and commercial applicability of EPSs in contemporary research and industry align with the nanotechnological advancements coupled with biotechnological nano-cleansing agents are highlighted. EPS-based nanostructures for biological applications have a bright future ahead of them. Providing crucial information for present and future practices, this review sheds light on how eco-friendly EPSs derived from microbial biomass of terrestrial and aquatic environments can be used to better understand contemporary nanobiotechnology for the benefit of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onkar Nath Tiwari
- Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
| | - Md Nazneen Bobby
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research, Vadlamudi, Andhra Pradesh 522213, India
| | - Vanitha Kondi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, Medak 502313, Telangana, India
| | - Gopinath Halder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Hanieh Kargarzadeh
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Seinkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abu Md Ashif Ikbal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Biswanath Bhunia
- Department of Bio Engineering, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Jirania 799046, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Athirampuzha, Kerala, 686560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box, 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi 590010, India; School of Life Sciences, Swami Vivekananda University, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700102, India
| | - Partha Palit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Drug Discovery Research Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
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Kiran NS, Yashaswini C, Singh S, Prajapati BG. Revisiting microbial exopolysaccharides: a biocompatible and sustainable polymeric material for multifaceted biomedical applications. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:95. [PMID: 38449708 PMCID: PMC10912413 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have gained significant attention as versatile biomolecules with multifarious applications across various sectors. This review explores the valorisation of EPS and its potential impact on diverse sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biotechnology. EPS, secreted by microorganisms, possess unique physicochemical properties, such as high molecular weight, water solubility, and biocompatibility, making them attractive for numerous functional roles. Additionally, EPS exhibit significant bioactivity, contributing to their potential use in pharmaceuticals for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the eco-friendly and sustainable nature of microbial EPS production aligns with the growing demand for environmentally conscious processes. However, challenges still exist in large-scale production, purification, and regulatory approval for commercial use. Advances in bioprocessing and microbial engineering offer promising solutions to overcome these hurdles. Stringent investigations have concluded EPS as novel sources for sustainable applications that are likely to emerge and develop, further reinforcing the significance of these biopolymers in addressing contemporary societal needs and driving innovation in various industrial sectors. Overall, the microbial EPS represents a thriving field with immense potential for meeting diverse industrial demands and advancing sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandrashekar Yashaswini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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González-Torres M, Hernández-Rosas F, Pacheco N, Salinas-Ruiz J, Herrera-Corredor JA, Hernández-Martínez R. Levan Production by Suhomyces kilbournensis Using Sugarcane Molasses as a Carbon Source in Submerged Fermentation. Molecules 2024; 29:1105. [PMID: 38474615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The valorization of byproducts from the sugarcane industry represents a potential alternative method with a low energy cost for the production of metabolites that are of commercial and industrial interest. The production of exopolysaccharides (EPSs) was carried out using the yeast Suhomyces kilbournensis isolated from agro-industrial sugarcane, and the products and byproducts of this agro-industrial sugarcane were used as carbon sources for their recovery. The effect of pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen sources and their concentration in EPS production by submerged fermentation (SmF) was studied in 170 mL glass containers of uniform geometry at 30 °C with an initial pH of 6.5. The resulting EPSs were characterized with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that the highest EPS production yields were 4.26 and 44.33 g/L after 6 h of fermentation using sucrose and molasses as carbon sources, respectively. Finally, an FT-IR analysis of the EPSs produced by S. kilbournensis corresponded to levan, corroborating its origin. It is important to mention that this is the first work that reports the production of levan using this yeast. This is relevant because, currently, most studies are focused on the use of recombinant and genetically modified microorganisms; in this scenario, Suhomyces kilbournensis is a native yeast isolated from the sugar production process, giving it a great advantage in the incorporation of carbon sources into their metabolic processes in order to produce levan sucrose, which uses fructose to polymerize levan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana González-Torres
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Francisco Hernández-Rosas
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Neith Pacheco
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Subsede Sureste, Mérida 97302, Mexico
| | - Josafhat Salinas-Ruiz
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - José A Herrera-Corredor
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Martínez
- CONAHCYT-Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba-Veracruz Federal Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz 94946, Mexico
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Kim J, Jeong JP, Kim Y, Jung S. Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Succinoglycan Overproduced by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 Mutant. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:244. [PMID: 38257044 PMCID: PMC10819756 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Commercial bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) applications have been gaining interest; therefore, strains that provide higher yields are required for industrial-scale processes. Succinoglycan (SG) is a type of bacterial anionic exopolysaccharide produced by Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and other soil bacterial species. SG has been widely used as a pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food additive based on its properties as a thickener, texture enhancer, emulsifier, stabilizer, and gelling agent. An SG-overproducing mutant strain (SMC1) was developed from Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 through N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutation, and the physicochemical and rheological properties of SMC1-SG were analyzed. SMC1 produced (22.3 g/L) 3.65-fold more SG than did the wild type. Succinoglycan (SMC1-SG) overproduced by SMC1 was structurally characterized by FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weights of SG and SMC1-SG were 4.20 × 105 and 4.80 × 105 Da, respectively, as determined by GPC. Based on DSC and TGA, SMC1-SG exhibited a higher endothermic peak (90.9 °C) than that of SG (77.2 °C). Storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) measurements during heating and cooling showed that SMC1-SG had improved thermal behavior compared to that of SG, with intersections at 74.9 °C and 72.0 °C, respectively. The SMC1-SG's viscosity reduction pattern was maintained even at high temperatures (65 °C). Gelation by metal cations was observed in Fe3+ and Cr3+ solutions for both SG and SMC1-SG. Antibacterial activities of SG and SMC1-SG against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also observed. Therefore, like SG, SMC1-SG may be a potential biomaterial for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyul Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.-p.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jae-pil Jeong
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.-p.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (J.-p.J.); (Y.K.)
| | - Seunho Jung
- Department of System Biotechnology, Microbial Carbohydrate Resource Bank (MCRB), Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Koşarsoy Ağçeli G. Similarities and differences of nano-sized levan synthesized by Bacillus haynesii at low and high temperatures: Characterization and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126804. [PMID: 37709216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Levan is a biopolymer with many different uses. Temperature is an important parameter in biopolymer synthesis. Herein, levan production was carried out from Bacillus haynesii, a thermophilic microorganism, in the temperature range of 4 °C-95 °C. The highest levan production was measured as 10.9 g/L at 37 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by FTIR and NMR analysis. The particle size of the levan samples varied between 153 and 824.4 nm at different temperatures. In levan samples produced at high temperatures, the water absorption capacity is higher in accordance with the particle size. Irregularities were observed in the surface pores at temperatures of 60 °C and above. The highest emulsion capacity of 83.4 % was measured in the sample synthesized at 4 °C. The antioxidant activity of all levan samples synthesized at different temperatures was measured as 84 % on average. All synthesized levan samples showed antibacterial effect on pathogenic bacteria. In addition, levan synthesized at 45 °C showed the highest antimicrobial effect on E. coli ATCC 35218 with an inhibition zone of 21.3 ± 1.82 mm. Antimicrobial activity against yeast sample C. albicans, was measured only in levan samples synthesized at 80 °C, 90 °C, 95 °C temperatures. Levan synthesized from Bacillus haynesii at low and high temperatures showed differences in characterization and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Koşarsoy Ağçeli
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe Campus, 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
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Yaşar Yıldız S, Radchenkova N. Exploring Extremophiles from Bulgaria: Biodiversity, Biopolymer Synthesis, Functional Properties, Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:69. [PMID: 38201734 PMCID: PMC10780585 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulgaria stands out as a country rich in diverse extreme environments, boasting a remarkable abundance of mineral hot waters, which positions it as the second-largest source of such natural resources in Europe. Notably, several thermal and coastal solar salterns within its territory serve as thriving habitats for thermophilic and halophilic microorganisms, which offer promising bioactive compounds, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Multiple thermophilic EPS producers were isolated, along with a selection from several saltern environments, revealing an impressive taxonomic and bacterial diversity. Four isolates from three different thermophilic species, Geobacillus tepidamans V264, Aeribacillus pallidus 418, Brevibacillus thermoruber 423, and Brevibacillus thermoruber 438, along with the halophilic strain Chromohalobacter canadensis 28, emerged as promising candidates for further exploration. Optimization of cultivation media and conditions was conducted for each EPS producer. Additionally, investigations into the influence of aeration and stirring in laboratory bioreactors provided valuable insights into growth dynamics and polymer synthesis. The synthesized biopolymers showed excellent emulsifying properties, emulsion stability, and synergistic interaction with other hydrocolloids. Demonstrated biological activities and functional properties pave the way for potential future applications in diverse fields, with particular emphasis on cosmetics and medicine. The remarkable versatility and efficacy of biopolymers offer opportunities for innovation and development in different industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yıldız
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, 34720 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Nadja Radchenkova
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Zanotti A, Baldino L, Reverchon E. Production of Exopolysaccharide-Based Porous Structures for Biomedical Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2920. [PMID: 37999274 PMCID: PMC10675614 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides, obtained from microorganisms as fermentation products, are interesting candidates for biomedical applications as scaffolds: they are biocompatible, nontoxic, antimicrobial, antitumor materials. To produce exopolysaccharide-based scaffolds, sol-gel technology could be used, which ends with the removal of the liquid phase from the polymeric network (i.e., the drying step). The aim of this review is to point out the most relevant strengths and weaknesses of the different drying techniques, focusing attention on the production of exopolysaccharide-based porous structures. Among these drying processes, supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted drying is the most promising strategy to obtain dried gels to use in the biomedical field: it produces highly porous and lightweight devices with outstanding surface areas and regular microstructure and nanostructure (i.e., aerogels). As a result of the analysis carried out in the present work, it emerged that supercritical technologies should be further explored and applied to the production of exopolysaccharide-based nanostructured scaffolds. Moving research towards this direction, exopolysaccharide utilization could be intensified and extended to the production of high added-value devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Departement of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.Z.); (E.R.)
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Zhang L, Kong H, Li Z, Ban X, Gu Z, Hong Y, Cheng L, Li C. Physicochemical characterizations, α-amylase inhibitory activities and inhibitory mechanisms of five bacterial exopolysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126047. [PMID: 37517764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Inhibiting pancreatic α-amylase activity can decrease the release rate of glucose, thereby delaying postprandial blood glucose. This study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and porcine pancreatic α-amylase (PPA) inhibitory activities of five bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs). We also aimed to analyze the differences of their inhibitory activities, exploring the inhibition mechanism between EPSs and PPA. Five EPSs had a low molecular weight (55-66 kDa), which were mainly composed of mannose and glucose with total content exceeding 86 %. The IC50 values of five EPSs (0.162-0.431 mg/mL) were significantly lower than that of acarbose (0.763 mg/mL), indicating that the inhibitory effects of five EPSs on PPA were stronger than acarbose, especially the EPS from Bacillus subtilis STB22 (BS-EPS). Moreover, BS-EPS was a mixed-type inhibitor, whereas other EPSs were noncompetitive inhibitors of PPA. Five EPSs quenched the fluorophore of PPA by the mixed quenching or apparent static quenching. Interestingly, BS-EPS showed stronger binding affinity to PPA than other EPSs. It can be speculated that EPSs with low molecular weight, high carboxylic acid content, and α-glycosidic bond exhibited high PPA inhibitory activity. These results suggest that BS-EPS can effectively inhibit PPA activity and has potential applications in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haocun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Synergetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety and Quality Control, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Revin VV, Liyaskina EV, Parchaykina MV, Kurgaeva IV, Efremova KV, Novokuptsev NV. Production of Bacterial Exopolysaccharides: Xanthan and Bacterial Cellulose. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14608. [PMID: 37834056 PMCID: PMC10572569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, degradable biopolymers have become increasingly important as potential environmentally friendly biomaterials, providing a wide range of applications in various fields. Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are biomacromolecules, which due to their unique properties have found applications in biomedicine, foodstuff, textiles, cosmetics, petroleum, pharmaceuticals, nanoelectronics, and environmental remediation. One of the important commercial polysaccharides produced on an industrial scale is xanthan. In recent years, the range of its application has expanded significantly. Bacterial cellulose (BC) is another unique EPS with a rapidly increasing range of applications. Due to the great prospects for their practical application, the development of their highly efficient production remains an important task. The present review summarizes the strategies for the cost-effective production of such important biomacromolecules as xanthan and BC and demonstrates for the first time common approaches to their efficient production and to obtaining new functional materials for a wide range of applications, including wound healing, drug delivery, tissue engineering, environmental remediation, nanoelectronics, and 3D bioprinting. In the end, we discuss present limitations of xanthan and BC production and the line of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor V. Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia; (E.V.L.); (M.V.P.); (I.V.K.); (K.V.E.); (N.V.N.)
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15
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Netrusov AI, Liyaskina EV, Kurgaeva IV, Liyaskina AU, Yang G, Revin VV. Exopolysaccharides Producing Bacteria: A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1541. [PMID: 37375041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are essential natural biopolymers used in different areas including biomedicine, food, cosmetic, petroleum, and pharmaceuticals and also in environmental remediation. The interest in them is primarily due to their unique structure and properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, higher purity, hydrophilic nature, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer, antibacterial, and immune-modulating and prebiotic activities. The present review summarizes the current research progress on bacterial EPSs including their properties, biological functions, and promising applications in the various fields of science, industry, medicine, and technology, as well as characteristics and the isolation sources of EPSs-producing bacterial strains. This review provides an overview of the latest advances in the study of such important industrial exopolysaccharides as xanthan, bacterial cellulose, and levan. Finally, current study limitations and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander I Netrusov
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, High School of Economics, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Liyaskina
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Irina V Kurgaeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
| | - Alexandra U Liyaskina
- Institute of the World Ocean, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Viktor V Revin
- Department of Biotechnology, Biochemistry and Bioengineering, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, 430005 Saransk, Russia
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