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Kiran NS, Yashaswini C, Singh S, Prajapati BG. Revisiting microbial exopolysaccharides: a biocompatible and sustainable polymeric material for multifaceted biomedical applications. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:95. [PMID: 38449708 PMCID: PMC10912413 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) have gained significant attention as versatile biomolecules with multifarious applications across various sectors. This review explores the valorisation of EPS and its potential impact on diverse sectors, including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and biotechnology. EPS, secreted by microorganisms, possess unique physicochemical properties, such as high molecular weight, water solubility, and biocompatibility, making them attractive for numerous functional roles. Additionally, EPS exhibit significant bioactivity, contributing to their potential use in pharmaceuticals for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Moreover, the eco-friendly and sustainable nature of microbial EPS production aligns with the growing demand for environmentally conscious processes. However, challenges still exist in large-scale production, purification, and regulatory approval for commercial use. Advances in bioprocessing and microbial engineering offer promising solutions to overcome these hurdles. Stringent investigations have concluded EPS as novel sources for sustainable applications that are likely to emerge and develop, further reinforcing the significance of these biopolymers in addressing contemporary societal needs and driving innovation in various industrial sectors. Overall, the microbial EPS represents a thriving field with immense potential for meeting diverse industrial demands and advancing sustainable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandrashekar Yashaswini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka India
| | - Sudarshan Singh
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Ibrahim HAH, Abou Elhassayeb HE, El-Sayed WMM. Potential functions and applications of diverse microbial exopolysaccharides in marine environments. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:151. [PMID: 36318392 PMCID: PMC9626724 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from microorganisms are essential harmless natural biopolymers used in applications including medications, nutraceuticals and functional foods, cosmetics, and insecticides. Several microbes can synthesize and excrete EPSs with chemical properties and structures that make them suitable for several important applications. Microbes secrete EPSs outside their cell walls, as slime or as a "jelly" into the extracellular medium. These EPS-producing microbes are ubiquitous and can be isolated from aquatic and terrestrial environments, such as freshwater, marine water, wastewater, and soils. They have also been isolated from extreme niches like hot springs, cold waters, halophilic environments, and salt marshes. Recently, microbial EPSs have attracted interest for their applications such as environmental bio-flocculants because they are degradable and nontoxic. However, further efforts are required for the cost-effective and industrial-scale commercial production of microbial EPSs. This review focuses on the exopolysaccharides obtained from several extremophilic microorganisms, their synthesis, and manufacturing optimization for better cost and productivity. We also explored their role and applications in interactions between several organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan A. H. Ibrahim
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
| | - Hala E. Abou Elhassayeb
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
| | - Waleed M. M. El-Sayed
- grid.419615.e0000 0004 0404 7762Marine Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, 11516 Egypt
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Joulak I, Concórdio-Reis P, Torres CAV, Sevrin C, Grandfils C, Attia H, Freitas F, Reis MAM, Azabou S. Sustainable use of agro-industrial wastes as potential feedstocks for exopolysaccharide production by selected Halomonas strains. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:22043-22055. [PMID: 34773587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17207-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of waste biomass are generated annually worldwide by many industries and are vastly underutilized. However, these wastes contain sugars and other dissolved organic matter and therefore can be exploited to produce microbial biopolymers. In this study, four selected Halomonas strains, namely, Halomonas caseinilytica K1, Halomonas elongata K4, Halomonas smyrnensis S3, and Halomonas halophila S4, were investigated for the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) using low-cost agro-industrial wastes as the sole carbon source: cheese whey, grape pomace, and glycerol. Interestingly, both yield and monosaccharide composition of EPS were affected by the carbon source. Glucose, mannose, galactose, and rhamnose were the predominant monomers, but their relative molar ratio was different. Similarly, the average molecular weight of the synthesized EPS was affected, ranging from 54.5 to 4480 kDa. The highest EPS concentration (446 mg/L) was obtained for H. caseinilytica K1 grown on cheese whey that produced an EPS composed mostly of galactose, rhamnose, glucose, and mannose, with lower contents of galacturonic acid, ribose, and arabinose and with a molecular weight of 54.5 kDa. Henceforth, the ability of Halomonas strains to use cost-effective substrates, especially cheese whey, is a promising approach for the production of EPS with distinct physicochemical properties suitable for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichrak Joulak
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Patrícia Concórdio-Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chantal Sevrin
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Grandfils
- Interfaculty Research Centre of Biomaterials (CEIB), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Hamadi Attia
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
- UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Samia Azabou
- Laboratoire Analyse, Valorisation Et Sécurité Des Aliments, Université de Sfax, ENIS, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
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