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Sarkar PK, Wele A. Presence and activities of carbonaceous nano-materials in Ayurvedic nano-medicine preparations. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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2
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New 2, 5-aromatic disubstituted pyrroles, prepared using diazonium salts procedures. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Schiavone MM, Lamparelli DH, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Revay Z, Radulescu A. The Effects of Temperature and Humidity on the Microstructure of Sulfonated Syndiotactic-polystyrene Ionic Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E187. [PMID: 32824025 PMCID: PMC7466101 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric membranes based on the semi-crystalline syndiotactic-polystyrene (sPS) become hydrophilic, and therefore conductive, following the functionalization of the amorphous phase by the solid-state sulfonation procedure. Because the crystallinity of the material, and thus the mechanical strength of the membranes, is maintained and the resistance to oxidation decomposition can be improved by doping the membranes with fullerenes, the sPS becomes attractive for proton-exchange membranes fuel cells (PEMFC) and energy storage applications. In the current work we report the micro-structural characterization by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) method of sulfonated sPS films and sPS-fullerene composite membranes at different temperatures between 20 °C and 80 °C, under the relative humidity (RH) level from 10% to 70%. Complementary characterization of membranes was carried out by FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and prompt-γ neutron activation analysis in terms of composition, following the specific preparation and functionalization procedure, and by XRD with respect to crystallinity. The hydrated ionic clusters are formed in the hydrated membrane and shrink slightly with the increasing temperature, which leads to a slight desorption of water at high temperatures. However, it seems that the conductive properties of the membranes do not deteriorate with the increasing temperature and that all membranes equilibrated in liquid water show an increased conductivity at 80 °C compared to the room temperature. The presence of fullerenes in the composite membrane induces a tremendous increase in the conductivity at high temperatures compared to fullerenes-free membranes. Apparently, the observed effects may be related to the formation of additional hydrated pathways in the composite membrane in conjunction with changes in the dynamics of water and polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Maddalena Schiavone
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85747 Garching, Germany; (M.-M.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - David Hermann Lamparelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “Adolfo Zambelli”, Università di Salerno, I-84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), Watanuki-machi 1233, Takasaki 370-1292, Japan;
| | - Fengfeng Zhu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85747 Garching, Germany; (M.-M.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Zsolt Revay
- Technische Universität Müchen, Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz FRM II, Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85747 Garching, Germany;
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), 85747 Garching, Germany; (M.-M.S.); (F.Z.)
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Kwon HJ, Tang X, Shin S, Hong J, Jeong W, Jo Y, An TK, Lee J, Kim SH. Facile Photo-cross-linking System for Polymeric Gate Dielectric Materials toward Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Role of a Cross-linker in Various Polymer Types. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30600-30615. [PMID: 32527080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy-efficient solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are highly sought after in the low-cost printing industry as well as for the manufacture of flexible and other next-generation devices. The fabrication of such electronic devices requires high-functioning insulating materials that are chemically and mechanically robust to avoid lowering insulating properties during the device fabrication process or utilization of devices. In this study, we report a facile, fluorinated, UV-assisted cross-linker series using a fluorophenyl azide (FPA), which reacts with the C-H groups of a conventional polymer. This demonstrates the application of the cross-linked films in OFET gate dielectrics. The effects of the cross-linkable chemical structure of the FPA series on the cross-linking chemistry, photopatternability, and dielectric properties of the resulting films are investigated for low/high-k or amorphous/crystalline polymeric gate dielectric materials. The characteristics of insulating layers and behavior of OFETs containing these cross-linked gate dielectrics (for example, leakage current density (J), hysteresis, and charge trap density) depend on the polymer type. Furthermore, an organic-based complementary inverter and various printable OFETs with excellent electrical characteristics are successfully fabricated. Thus, these reported cross-linkers that enable the solution process and patterning of well-developed conventional polymer dielectric materials are promising for the realization of a more sustainable next-generation industrial technology for flexible and printable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeok-Jin Kwon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Tang
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Shin
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Hong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyo Jeong
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Jo
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyu An
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Lee
- Department of IT Energy Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Kim
- Department of Advanced Organic Materials Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Jarosz T, Stolarczyk A, Wawrzkiewicz-Jalowiecka A, Pawlus K, Miszczyszyn K. Glycidyl Azide Polymer and its Derivatives-Versatile Binders for Explosives and Pyrotechnics: Tutorial Review of Recent Progress. Molecules 2019; 24:E4475. [PMID: 31817642 PMCID: PMC6943510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24244475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP), an energetic binder, is the focus of this review. We briefly introduce the key properties of this well-known polymer, the difference between energetic and non-energetic binders in propellant and explosive formulations, the fundamentals for producing GAP and its copolymers, as well as for curing GAP using different types of curing agents. We use recent works as examples to illustrate the general approaches to curing GAP and its derivatives, while indicating a number of recently investigated curing agents. Next, we demonstrate that the properties of GAP can be modified either through internal (structural) alterations or through the introduction of external (plasticizers) additives and provide a summary of recent progress in this area, tying it in with studies on the properties of such modifications of GAP. Further on, we discuss relevant works dedicated to the applications of GAP as a binder for propellants and plastic-bonded explosives. Lastly, we indicate other, emerging applications of GAP and provide a summary of its mechanical and energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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Schiavone MM, Iwase H, Takata SI, Radulescu A. The Multilevel Structure of Sulfonated Syndiotactic-Polystyrene Model Polyelectrolyte Membranes Resolved by Extended Q-Range Contrast Variation SANS. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E136. [PMID: 31652905 PMCID: PMC6918273 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membranes based on sulfonated synditoactic polystyrene (s-sPS) were thoroughly characterized by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) over a wide Q-range in dry and hydrated states. Following special sulfonation and treatment procedures, s-sPS is an attractive material for fuel cells and energy storage applications. The film samples were prepared by solid-state sulfonation, resulting in uniform sulfonation of only the amorphous phase while preserving the crystallinity of the membrane. Fullerenes, which improve the resistance to oxidation decomposition, were incorporated in the membranes. The fullerenes seem to be chiefly located in the amorphous regions of the samples, and do not influence the formation and evolution of the morphologies in the polymer films, as no significant differences were observed in the SANS patterns compared to the fullerenes-free s-sPS membranes, which were investigated in a previous study. The use of uniaxially deformed film samples, and neutron contrast variation allowed for the identification and characterization of different structural levels with sizes between nm and μm, which form and evolve in both the dry and hydrated states. The scattering length density of the crystalline regions was varied using the guest exchange procedure between different toluene isotopologues incorporated into the sPS lattice, while the variation of the scattering properties of the hydrated amorphous regions was achieved using different H2O/D2O mixtures. Due to the deformation of the films, the scattering characteristics of different structures can be distinguished on specific detection sectors and at different detection distances after the sample, depending on their size and orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Maddalena Schiavone
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85747 Garching, Germany.
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan.
| | - Shin-Ichi Takata
- Materials and Life Science Division, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (JPARC), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Aurel Radulescu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 85747 Garching, Germany.
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He L, Zhou J, Dai S, Ma Z. Influence of Combustion Modifiers on the Cure Kinetics of Glycidyl Azide Polymer Based Propellant-Evaluated through Rheo-Kinetic Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E637. [PMID: 30965669 PMCID: PMC6523639 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the influence of combustion modifiers on the curing of glycidyl azide polymer spherical propellants (GAPSPs), the curing process of the GAPSPs was explored using an isothermal rheological measurement method. The parameters of cure kinetics were solved to further establish a kinetic model for the curing reaction of GAPSPs. The results showed that the curing process of GAPSPs under isothermal conditions conformed to the Kamal and LSK (Lu⁻Shim⁻Kim) models. The model data indicated significant agreement with the experimental data. The influence of four kinds of combustion performance modifiers on the curing process was explored and the results demonstrated that lead phthalate had a catalytic effect on the curing reaction of GAPSPs, whilst oxides of lead and copper, and copper adipate had no influence on the curing reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming He
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
| | | | - Zhongliang Ma
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China.
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Zhang G, Zhang T, Li J, Luo Y. Core-shell type multi-arm azide polymers based on hyperbranched copolyether as potential energetic materials in solid propellants. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangpu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Tianfu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Jinqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing Institute of Technology; Beijing China
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Yan QL, Gozin M, Zhao FQ, Cohen A, Pang SP. Highly energetic compositions based on functionalized carbon nanomaterials. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:4799-851. [PMID: 26880518 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research in the field of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs), such as fullerenes, expanded graphite (EG), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and graphene oxide (GO), has been widely used in energy storage, electronics, catalysts, and biomaterials, as well as medical applications. Regarding energy storage, one of the most important research directions is the development of CNMs as carriers of energetic components by coating or encapsulation, thus forming safer advanced nanostructures with better performances. Moreover, some CNMs can also be functionalized to become energetic additives. This review article covers updated preparation methods for the aforementioned CNMs, with a more specific orientation towards the use of these nanomaterials in energetic compositions. The effects of these functionalized CNMs on thermal decomposition, ignition, combustion and the reactivity properties of energetic compositions are significant and are discussed in detail. It has been shown that the use of functionalized CNMs in energetic compositions greatly improves their combustion performances, thermal stability and sensitivity. In particular, functionalized fullerenes, CNTs and GO are the most appropriate candidate components in nanothermites, solid propellants and gas generators, due to their superior catalytic properties as well as facile preparation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Long Yan
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Michael Gozin
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Feng-Qi Zhao
- Science and Technology on Combustion and Explosion Laboratory, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Adva Cohen
- Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Exact Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Si-Ping Pang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Jin B, Shen J, Gou X, Peng R, Chu S, Dong H. Synthesis, Characterization, Thermal Stability and Sensitivity Properties of New Energetic Polymers-PVTNP- g-GAPs Crosslinked Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:polym8010010. [PMID: 30979113 PMCID: PMC6432591 DOI: 10.3390/polym8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of energetic polymers, poly(vinyl 2,4,6-trinitrophenylacetal)-g-polyglycidylazides (PVTNP-g-GAPs), were synthesized via cross-linking reactions of PVTNP with three different molecular weight GAPs using toluene diisocyanate as the cross-linking agent. The structures of these energetic polymers were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectra (UV–Vis), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR). The glass-transition temperatures of these energetic polymers were measured with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method, and the results showed that all the measured energetic polymers have two distinct glass-transition temperatures. The thermal decomposition behaviors of these energetic polymers were evaluated by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermogravimetric analysis tandem infrared spectrum (TGA-IR). The results indicated that all the measured energetic polymers have excellent resistance to thermal decomposition up to 200 °C, and the initial thermal decomposition was attributed to the breakdown of azide group. Moreover, the sensitivity properties of these energetic polymers were measured with the national military standard methods and their compatibilities with the main energetic components of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT)-based melt-cast explosive were evaluated by using the DTA method. The results indicate that these energetic polymers have feasible mechanical sensitivities and can be safely used with TNT, cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX), 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Juan Shen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Xiaoshuang Gou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Rufang Peng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Shijin Chu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for Nonmetal Composites and Functional Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Haishan Dong
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China.
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