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Su N. Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes as Flocculants and Retention Aids in Wet-End Papermaking. Molecules 2023; 28:7984. [PMID: 38138474 PMCID: PMC10745445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the criteria of energy conservation, emission reduction, and environmental protection become more important, and with the development of wet-end papermaking, developing excellent retention aids is of great significance. Spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (SPBs) bearing polyelectrolyte chains grafted densely to the surface of core particle have the potential to be novel retention aids in wet-end papermaking not only because of their spherical structure, but also due to controllable grafting density and molecular weight. Such characteristics are crucial in order to design multi-functional retention aids in sophisticated papermaking systems. This review presents some important recent advances with respect to retention aids, including single-component system and dual-component systems. Then, basic theory in papermaking is also briefly reviewed. Based on these advances, it emphatically describes spherical polyelectrolyte brushes, focused on their preparation methods, characterization, conformation, and applications in papermaking. This work is expected to contribute to improve a comprehensive understanding on the composition, properties, and function mechanisms of retention aids, which helps in the further investigation on the design of novel retention aids with excellent performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Su
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai 200093, China
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Su N. Synthesis of Poly (2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfnoinc Salt) Modified Carbon Spheres. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3510. [PMID: 37688137 PMCID: PMC10490481 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper reports a facile synthesis of novel anionic spherical polymer brushes which was based on grafting sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate from the surface of 4,4'-Azobis (4-cyanopentanoyl chloride)-modified carbon spheres. Various characterization methods involving a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and thermo-gravimetric analysis were utilized to analyze the morphology, chemical composition, bonding structure, and thermal stability, respectively. The molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of brushes were 616,000 g/mol and 1.72 determined by gel permeation chromatography experiments. Moreover, the dispersibility of ASPB in water and in the presence of aqueous NaCl solutions of different concentrations was investigated. Results show that the dispersibility of carbon spheres has been enhanced owing to grafted polyelectrolyte chains, while the zeta potential of the particle decreases and its brush layer shrinks upon exposure to sodium ions (Na+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Su
- Department of Printing and Packaging Engineering, Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai 200093, China;
- School of Materials and Chemistry, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200125, China
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Ham J, Kim HU, Jeon N. Key Factors in Enhancing Pseudocapacitive Properties of PANI-InO x Hybrid Thin Films Prepared by Sequential Infiltration Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2616. [PMID: 37376262 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential infiltration synthesis (SIS) is an emerging vapor-phase synthetic route for the preparation of organic-inorganic composites. Previously, we investigated the potential of polyaniline (PANI)-InOx composite thin films prepared using SIS for application in electrochemical energy storage. In this study, we investigated the effects of the number of InOx SIS cycles on the chemical and electrochemical properties of PANI-InOx thin films via combined characterization using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The area-specific capacitance values of PANI-InOx samples prepared with 10, 20, 50, and 100 SIS cycles were 1.1, 0.8, 1.4, and 0.96 mF/cm², respectively. Our result shows that the formation of an enlarged PANI-InOx mixed region directly exposed to the electrolyte is key to enhancing the pseudocapacitive properties of the composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Ham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-U Kim
- Department of Plasma Engineering, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Alsafrani AE, Adeosun WA, Marwani HM, Khan I, Jawaid M, Asiri AM, Khan A. Efficient Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline@Aluminium-Succinate Metal-Organic Frameworks Nanocomposite and Its Application for Zn(II) Ion Sensing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193383. [PMID: 34641198 PMCID: PMC8512637 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of conductive metal-organic framework (MOF), polyaniline- aluminum succinate (PANI@Al-SA) nanocomposite was prepared by oxidative polymerization of aniline monomer using potassium persulfate as an oxidant. Several analytical techniques such as FTIR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, XPS and TGA-DTA were utilized to characterize the obtained MOFs nanocomposite. DC electrical conductivity of polymer-MOFs was determined by four probe method. A bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by nafion/PANI@Al-SA, and examined for Zn (II) ion detection. Modified electrode showed improved efficiency by 91.9%. The modified electrode (PANI@Al-SA/nafion/GCE) exhibited good catalytic property and highly selectivity towards Zn(II) ion. A linear dynamic range of 2.8–228.6 µM was obtained with detection limit of LOD 0.59 µM and excellent sensitivity of 7.14 µA µM−1 cm−2. The designed procedure for Zn (II) ion detection in real sample exhibited good stability in terms of repeatability, reproducibility and not affected by likely interferents. Therefore, the developed procedure is promising for quantification of Zn(II) ion in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad E. Alsafrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (W.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waheed A. Adeosun
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (W.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
| | - Hadi M. Marwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (W.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.M.M.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Imran Khan
- Applied Sciences and Humanities Section, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University Polytechnic, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India;
| | - Mohammad Jawaid
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (H.M.M.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
| | - Abdullah M. Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (W.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anish Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (A.E.A.); (W.A.A.); (A.M.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.M.M.); (M.J.); (A.K.)
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Carbon Nanostructures Derived through Hypergolic Reaction of Conductive Polymers with Fuming Nitric Acid at Ambient Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061595. [PMID: 33805728 PMCID: PMC7999089 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypergolic systems rely on organic fuel and a powerful oxidizer that spontaneously ignites upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main utilization pertains to rocket fuels and propellants, it is only recently that hypergolics has been established from our group as a new general method for the synthesis of different morphologies of carbon nanostructures depending on the hypergolic pair (organic fuel-oxidizer). In search of new pairs, the hypergolic mixture described here contains polyaniline as the organic source of carbon and fuming nitric acid as strong oxidizer. Specifically, the two reagents react rapidly and spontaneously upon contact at ambient conditions to afford carbon nanosheets. Further liquid-phase exfoliation of the nanosheets in dimethylformamide results in dispersed single layers exhibiting strong Tyndall effect. The method can be extended to other conductive polymers, such as polythiophene and polypyrrole, leading to the formation of different type carbon nanostructures (e.g., photolumincent carbon dots). Apart from being a new synthesis pathway towards carbon nanomaterials and a new type of reaction for conductive polymers, the present hypergolic pairs also provide a novel set of rocket bipropellants based on conductive polymers.
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Uzunçar S, Meng L, Turner AP, Mak WC. Processable and nanofibrous polyaniline:polystyrene-sulphonate (nano-PANI:PSS) for the fabrication of catalyst-free ammonium sensors and enzyme-coupled urea biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 171:112725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pang S, Chen W, Yang Z, Liu Z, Fan X, Fang D. Facile Synthesis of Polyaniline Nanotubes with Square Capillary Using Urea as Template. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E510. [PMID: 30965813 PMCID: PMC6418648 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyaniline nanotubes were successfully synthesized by a facile in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method using urea as soft template. When the urea/aniline molar ratio is 3:1, the as-prepared nanotubular polyaniline (PANI-3) shows regular and uniform square capillaries, which provides a high electrode/electrolyte contact, easy ion diffusion and enhanced electroactive regions during the electrochemical process, leading to weak internal resistance and improved electrochemical performance. The PANI-3 sample exhibits a high specific capacitance of 405 F/g at current density of 0.2 A/g, and PANI only has a specific capacitance of 263 F/g. At current density of 1 A/g, the capacitance of PANI-3 is still 263 F/g (64.9% of the capacitance at 0.2 A/g). Such a PANI-3 nanotube, with regular and uniform capillary, is a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Pang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Weiliang Chen
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zhewei Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
- BengBu Center of Product Quality Supervising and Inspection, BengBu 233000, China.
| | - Xin Fan
- Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Dong Fang
- Key Lab of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430700, China.
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Zhang Y, Qiu M, Yu Y, Wen B, Cheng L. A Novel Polyaniline-Coated Bagasse Fiber Composite with Core-Shell Heterostructure Provides Effective Electromagnetic Shielding Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:809-818. [PMID: 27982585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A facile route was proposed to synthesize polyaniline (PANI) uniformly deposited on bagasse fiber (BF) via a one-step in situ polymerization of aniline in the dispersed system of BF. Correlations between the structural, electrical, and electromagnetic properties were extensively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm that the PANI was coated dominantly on the BF surface, indicating that the as-prepared BF/PANI composite adopted the natural and inexpensive BF as its core and the PANI as the shell. Fourier transform infrared spectra suggest significant interactions between the BF and PANI shell, and a high degree of doping in the PANI shell was achieved. X-ray diffraction results reveal that the crystallization of the PANI shell was improved. The dielectric behaviors are analyzed with respect to dielectric constant, loss tangent, and Cole-Cole plots. The BF/PANI composite exhibits superior electrical conductivity (2.01 ± 0.29 S·cm-1), which is higher than that of the pristine PANI with 1.35 ± 0.15 S·cm-1. The complex permittivity, electromagnetic interference (EMI), shielding effectiveness (SE) values, and attenuation constants of the BF/PANI composite were larger than those of the pristine PANI. The EMI shielding mechanisms of the composite were experimentally and theoretically analyzed. The absorption-dominated total EMI SE of 28.8 dB at a thickness of 0.4 mm indicates the usefulness of the composite for electromagnetic shielding. Moreover, detailed comparison of electrical and EMI shielding properties with respect to the BF/PANI, dedoped BF/PANI composite, and the pristine PANI indicate that the enhancement of electromagnetic properties for the BF/PANI composite was due to the improved conductivity and the core-shell architecture. Thus, the composite has potential commercial applications for high-performance electromagnetic shielding materials and also could be used as a conductive filler to endow polymers with electromagnetic shielding ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Munan Qiu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ying Yu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bianying Wen
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lele Cheng
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048, China
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