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Algal-based polysaccharides as polymer electrolytes in modern electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems: A review. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2020.100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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2
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Kusumawati Y, Hutama AS, Wellia DV, Subagyo R. Natural resources for dye-sensitized solar cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08436. [PMID: 34917788 PMCID: PMC8668837 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While the development of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been ongoing for more than 30 years, the currently obtained efficiency is unsatisfactory. However, the study of DSSC development has produced a fundamental understanding of cell performance and inspired other devices, such as perovskite cell solar cells. DSSCs consist of a dye-sensitized photoanode, a counter electrode, and a redox couple in the electrolyte system. Each of the components has an important role and cofunctions with each other to obtain a high power conversion efficiency. Various modifications to each DSSC component have been applied to improve their performance. Additionally, to generate improvements, the effort to reduce production costs has been crucial. The utilization of natural sources for DSSC components is a possible solution to this issue. The utilization of natural resources also aims to increase the value of the natural resource itself. In this review, the applications of various natural sources for DSSC components are described, as well as the modification efforts that have been made to enhance their performance. The discussion covers the utilization of natural dye for sensitizer dyes in liquid DSSC applications: (1) utilization of biopolymers for quasi-solid DSSC electrolytes, (2) green synthesis methods for photoanode semiconductors, and (3) development of natural carbon counter electrodes. The detailed factors that influence improvements in cell performance are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuly Kusumawati
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo Campus, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
| | - Aulia S. Hutama
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Sekip Utara, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Diana V. Wellia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 24516, Indonesia
| | - Riki Subagyo
- Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo Campus, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia
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3
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Teo LP, Buraidah MH, Arof AK. Development on Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices. Molecules 2021; 26:6499. [PMID: 34770908 PMCID: PMC8587213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical devices, especially energy storage, have been around for many decades. Liquid electrolytes (LEs), which are known for their volatility and flammability, are mostly used in the fabrication of the devices. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) are also using electrochemical reaction to operate. Following the demand for green and safer energy sources to replace fossil energy, this has raised the research interest in solid-state electrochemical devices. Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are among the candidates to replace the LEs. Hence, understanding the mechanism of ions' transport in SPEs is crucial to achieve similar, if not better, performance to that of LEs. In this paper, the development of SPE from basic construction to electrolyte optimization, which includes polymer blending and adding various types of additives, such as plasticizers and fillers, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdul Kariem Arof
- Centre for Ionics University of Malaya, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (L.P.T.); (M.H.B.)
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P S, T M S, Subramanian S, M M. Characterization of solid biopolymer electrolytes based on kappa-carrageenan with Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and its application to electrochemical devices. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1888993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha P
- Research center, Materials Research Centre, Coimbatore, India
- Department of physics, Arulmigu Palani Andavar College of Arts and Culture, Palani, India
| | - Selvakumari T M
- Department of physics, Arulmigu Palani Andavar Arts College for Women, Palani, India
| | - Selvasekarapandian Subramanian
- Research center, Materials Research Centre, Coimbatore, India
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Mahalakshmi M
- Department of physics, Sri Meenakshi Govt. Arts College for Women, Madurai, India
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Rayung M, Aung MM, Azhar SC, Abdullah LC, Su’ait MS, Ahmad A, Jamil SNAM. Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices: Insight into the Ionic Conductivity Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E838. [PMID: 32059600 PMCID: PMC7078607 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With the continuing efforts to explore alternatives to petrochemical-based polymers and the escalating demand to minimize environmental impact, bio-based polymers have gained a massive amount of attention over the last few decades. The potential uses of these bio-based polymers are varied, from household goods to high end and advanced applications. To some extent, they can solve the depletion and sustainability issues of conventional polymers. As such, this article reviews the trends and developments of bio-based polymers for the preparation of polymer electrolytes that are intended for use in electrochemical device applications. A range of bio-based polymers are presented by focusing on the source, the general method of preparation, and the properties of the polymer electrolyte system, specifically with reference to the ionic conductivity. Some major applications of bio-based polymer electrolytes are discussed. This review examines the past studies and future prospects of these materials in the polymer electrolyte field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah Rayung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Min Min Aung
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
| | - Shah Christirani Azhar
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Sukor Su’ait
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.S.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Azizan Ahmad
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia; (M.S.S.); (A.A.)
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Unit Chemistry, Center of Foundation Studies and Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.C.A.); (S.N.A.M.J.)
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Torres FG, Arroyo J, Alvarez R, Rodriguez S, Troncoso O, López D. Molecular dynamics of carboxymethyl κ/ι-hybrid carrageenan films doped with NH4I. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1542713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G. Torres
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - Junior Arroyo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - Ricardo Alvarez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - Sol Rodriguez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - Omar Troncoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú (Lima 32 Perú), Lima, Perú
| | - Daniel López
- Institute of Polymer Science and Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Kim MK, Lee JS. Ultralow Power Consumption Flexible Biomemristors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:10280-10286. [PMID: 29464944 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low power consumption is the important requirement in memory devices for saving energy. In particular, improved energy efficiency is essential in implantable electronic devices for operation under a limited power supply. Here, we demonstrate the use of κ-carrageenan (κ-car) as the resistive switching layer to achieve memory that has low power consumption. A carboxymethyl (CM) group is introduced to the κ-car to increase its ionic conductivity. Ag was doped in CM:κ-car to improve the resistive switching properties of the devices. Memory devices based on Ag-doped CM:κ-car showed electroforming-free resistive switching. This device exhibited low reset voltage (∼0.05 V), fast switching speed (50 ns), and high on/off ratio (>103) under low compliance current (10-5 A). Its power consumption (∼0.35 μW) is much lower than those of the previously reported biomemristors. The resistive switching may be a result of an electrochemical redox process and Ag filament formation in the CM:κ-car under an electric field. This biopolymer memory can also be fabricated on flexible substrate. This study verifies the feasibility of using biopolymers for applications to future implantable and biocompatible nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Jang-Sik Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
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Kuo CW, Lee PY. Electrosynthesis of Copolymers Based on 1,3,5-Tris(N-Carbazolyl)Benzene and 2,2'-Bithiophene and Their Applications in Electrochromic Devices. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E518. [PMID: 30965819 PMCID: PMC6418989 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(1,3,5-tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene) (PtnCz) and three copolymers based on 1,3,5-tris(N-carbazolyl)benzene (tnCz) and 2,2'-bithiophene (bTp) were electrochemically synthesized. The anodic P(tnCz1-bTp2) film with a tnCz/bTp feed molar ratio of 1/2 showed four colors (light orange at 0.0 V, yellowish-orange at 0.7 V, yellowish-green at 0.8 V, and blue at 1.1 V) from the neutral state to oxidized states. The optical contrast (∆T%) and coloration efficiency (η) of the P(tnCz1-bTp2) film were measured as 48% and 112 cm²∙C-¹, respectively, at 696 nm. Electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on PtnCz, P(tnCz1-bTp1), P(tnCz1-bTp2), P(tnCz1-bTp4), and PbTp films as anodic polymer layers and poly(3,4-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-2H-thieno[3,4-b-1,4]dioxepin) (PProDOT-Me₂) as cathodic polymer layers were assembled. P(tnCz1-bTp2)/PProDOT-Me₂ ECD showed three various colors (saffron yellow, yellowish-blue, and dark blue) at potentials ranging from -0.3 to 1.5 V. In addition, P(tnCz1-bTp2)/PProDOT-Me₂ ECD showed a high ∆T% value (40% at 630 nm) and a high coloration efficiency (519 cm²∙C-¹ at 630 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Wen Kuo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Ying Lee
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan.
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Chou JC, Huang YC, Wu TY, Liao YH, Lai CH, Chu CM, Lin YJ. Poly(3,3-dibenzyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)/Platinum Composite Films as Potential Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E271. [PMID: 30970949 PMCID: PMC6432400 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, poly(3,3-dibenzyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine)/platinum composite films (PProDOT-Bz₂/Pt) were used as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The composite films were prepared on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass by radio frequency (RF) sputtering to deposit platinum (Pt) for 30 s. Afterwards, PProDOT-Bz₂ was deposited on the Pt⁻FTO glass via electrochemical polymerization. The electron transfer process of DSSCs was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The DSSCs with 0.05 C/cm² PProDOT-Bz₂-Pt composite films showed an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.70 V, a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 7.27 mA/cm², and a fill factor (F.F.) of 68.74%. This corresponded to a photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 3.50% under a light intensity of 100 mW/cm².
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Chuan Chou
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Huang
- Graduate School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Tzi-Yi Wu
- Graduate School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Information and Electronic Commerce Management, TransWorld University, Yunlin 64063, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Hsien Lai
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Ming Chu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Lin
- Graduate School of Electronic Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan.
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