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Chen Y, Dai J, Shen X, Shan J, Cao Y, Chen T, Ying H, Zhu C, Li M. Xylan cinnamoylation for reinforcing poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate): Molecule design and interaction optimization. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121592. [PMID: 38142090 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
PBAT composites with biomass fillers have gained considerable attention as alternatives to non-biodegradable plastics. This work employed xylan derivatives as fillers for PBAT composites. Xylan was modified by introducing cinnamoyl side groups which limit the hydrogen bonding and construct π-π stacking interactions with PBAT chains. The resultant xylan cinnamates (XCi) show degree of substitution (DS) of 0.55-1.89, glass-transition temperatures (Tg) of 146.5-175.0 °C and increased hydrophobicity, which can be simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of reactants. NMR results demonstrate that the C3-OH of xylopyranosyl unit is more accessible to cinnamoylation. XCi fillers (30-50 wt%) were incorporated into PBAT through melt compounding. The filler with a DS of 0.97 exhibited the optimal reinforcing effect, showing superior tensile strength (19.4 MPa) and elongation at break (330.9 %) at a high filling content (40 wt%), which is even beyond the neat PBAT. SEM and molecular dynamics simulation suggest improved compatibility and strengthened molecular interaction between XCi and PBAT, which explains the suppressed melting/crystallization behavior, the substantial increase in Tg (-34.5 → -1.8 °C) and the superior mechanical properties of the composites. This research provides valuable insights into the preparation of high-performance composites by designing the molecular architecture of xylan and optimizing the associated interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jie Dai
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xin Shen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Junqiang Shan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yulian Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China; School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chenjie Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ming Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, Nanjing 211816, China.
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2
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Kilpinen AT, Nieminen K, Kontturi E. Pretreatment to Retrieve Xylose and Xylooligosaccharides by HCl Gas Directly from Biomass. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2024; 12:2135-2138. [PMID: 38362532 PMCID: PMC10865440 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In this study, anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas was employed to selectively hydrolyze hemicellulose from aspen wood flour utilizing a gas-solid system. Selectivity toward hemicellulose was achieved by adjusting the acid concentration inside wood flour to 36% during gas hydrolysis, so only hemicellulose and disordered cellulose would be degraded during hydrolysis. Process parameters included the moisture content of the aspen wood flour (20%, 40%, and 60%) and reaction times from 30 min to 24 h. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of xylose and xylooligosaccharides was achieved with 40% moisture content and 6 h reaction time. Under these parameters, it was possible to retrieve 84% of the available xylan from aspen wood flour with only 1% glucan degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Topias Kilpinen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kaarlo Nieminen
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Eero Kontturi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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3
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Palasingh C, Kargl R, Kleinschek KS, Schaubeder J, Spirk S, Ström A, Nypelö T. Morphology and swelling of thin films of dialcohol xylan. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 313:120810. [PMID: 37182942 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are excellent network formers and are often processed into films from water solutions. Despite being hydrophilic polysaccharides, the typical xylans liberated from wood are sparsely soluble in water. We have previously suggested that an additional piece to the solubilization puzzle is modification of the xylan backbone via oxidative cleavage of the saccharide ring. Here, we demonstrate the influence of the degree of modification, i.e., degree of oxidation (DO) on xylan solubilization and consequent film formation and stability. Oxidized and reduced wood xylans (i.e., dialcohol xylans) with the highest DO (77 %) within the series exhibited the smallest hydrodynamic diameter (dh) of 60 nm in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). We transferred the modified xylans into films credit to their established solubility and then quantified the film water interactions. Dialcohol xylans with intermediate DOs (42 and 63 %) did not form continuous films. The films swelled slightly when subjected to humidity. However, the film with the highest DO demonstrated a significant moisture uptake that depended on the film mass and was not observed with the other modified grades or with unmodified xylan.
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Abik F, Palasingh C, Bhattarai M, Leivers S, Ström A, Westereng B, Mikkonen KS, Nypelö T. Potential of Wood Hemicelluloses and Their Derivates as Food Ingredients. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2667-2683. [PMID: 36724217 PMCID: PMC9936590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A holistic utilization of all lignocellulosic wood biomass, instead of the current approach of using only the cellulose fraction, is crucial for the efficient, ecological, and economical use of the forest resources. Use of wood constituents in the food and feed sector is a potential way of promoting the global economy. However, industrially established food products utilizing such components are still scarce, with the exception of cellulose derivatives. Hemicelluloses that include xylans and mannans are major constituents of wood. The wood hemicelluloses are structurally similar to hemicelluloses from crops, which are included in our diet, for example, as a part of dietary fibers. Hence, structurally similar wood hemicelluloses have the potential for similar uses. We review the current status and future potential of wood hemicelluloses as food ingredients. We include an inventory of the extraction routes of wood hemicelluloses, their physicochemical properties, and some of their gastrointestinal characteristics, and we also consider the regulatory route that research findings need to follow to be approved for food solutions, as well as the current status of the wood hemicellulose applications on that route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Abik
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Chonnipa Palasingh
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Mamata Bhattarai
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shaun Leivers
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway
| | - Anna Ström
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
| | - Bjørge Westereng
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway
| | - Kirsi S. Mikkonen
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 66, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Helsinki
Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Tiina Nypelö
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Chalmers University
of Technology, Gothenburg 41296, Sweden
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo 00760, Finland
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Su Y, Zhang S, Li H, Zhao B, Tian K, Zou Z. Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate/Diethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate Grafted onto Folate-Esterified Bagasse Xylan/Andrographolide Composite Nanoderivative: Synthesis, Molecular Docking and Biological Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185970. [PMID: 36144706 PMCID: PMC9505221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a biocompatible biomaterial, bagasse xylan (BX) has been widely used in the biomedical field. The low biological activity of andrographolide (AD) restricts its development, so AD with certain anticancer activity is introduced. We use chemical modification methods such as grafting and esterification to improve the biological activity and make a novel anticancer nanomaterial. On the basis of the esterification of a mixture of BX and AD with folic acid (FA), a novel anticancer nanoderivative of bagasse xylan/andrographolide folate-g-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA)/diethylene glycol dimethacrylate (DEGDMA) nanoparticles (FA-BX/AD-g-DMAEMA/DEGDMA NPs) was synthesized by introducing DMAEMA and DEGDMA monomers through a graft copolymerization and nanoprecipitation method. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, the initiator concentration and the mass ratio of FA-BX/AD to mixed monomers on the grafting rate (GR) were investigated. The structure of the obtained product was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD and DTG. Further, molecular docking and MTT assays were performed to understand the possible docking sites with the target proteins and the anticancer activity of the product. The results showed that the GR of the obtained product was 79% under the conditions of the initiator concentration 55 mmol/L, m (FA-BX/AD):m (mixed monomer) = 1:2, reaction temperature 50 °C and reaction time 5 h. The inhibition rate of FA-BX/AD-g-DMAEMA/DEGDMA NPs on human lung cancer cells (NCI-H460) can reach 39.77 ± 5.62%, which is about 7.6 times higher than that of BX. Therefore, this material may have potential applications in the development of anticancer drug or carriers and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shufen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-773-8996098
| | - Bin Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kexin Tian
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhiming Zou
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
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6
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Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of a Novel Nano Bagasse Xylan/Andrographolide Grafted and Esterified Derivative. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14163432. [PMID: 36015689 PMCID: PMC9415568 DOI: 10.3390/polym14163432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the in-depth research that has been conducted on nanometer biomaterials, how to use the biomass resources with high activity and low toxicity to prepare nanomaterials for biomedical applications has attracted much attention. To realize efficient and comprehensive utilization of biomass, bagasse xylan/andrographolide (BX/AD) was ued as a raw material and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as an esterification agent to synthesize bagasse xylan/andrographolide esterified derivative (GA-BX/AD). Then, the bagasse xylan/andrographolide grafted and esterified derivative (GA-BX/AD-g-IA) was synthesized by the graft crosslinking reactions using itaconic acid (IA) as graft monomer. The better synthesis conditions were optimized by single factor experiments, the degree of esterification substitution (DS) was 0.43, and the grafting rate (G) of the product reached 42%. The structure and properties of the product were characterized by FTIR, XRD, DTG, SEM, and 1H NMR. The results showed that the product morphology was significantly changed, and the nanoparticles were spherical with a particle size of about 100 nm. The anti-cancer activity of the product was measured. The molecular docking simulations revealed that the product had good docking activity with human glucocorticoid protein (6CFN) with a binding free energy of 14.38 kcal/mol. The MTT assay showed that the product had a strong inhibitory effect on the growth of human liver cancer cells (BEL-7407) and gastric cancer cells (MGC80-3), with inhibition ratio of 38.41 ± 5.32% and 32.69 ± 4.87%. Therefore, this nanomaterial is expected to be applied to the development and utilization of drug carriers and functional materials.
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7
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Mukherjee S, Jana S, Khawas S, Kicuntod J, Marschall M, Ray B, Ray S. Synthesis, molecular features and biological activities of modified plant polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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8
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Improved Glucose Recovery from Sicyos angulatus by NaOH Pretreatment and Application to Bioethanol Production. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As greenhouse gases and environmental pollution become serious, the demand for alternative energy such as bioethanol has rapidly increased, and a large supply of biomass is required for bioenergy production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant on the planet and a large part of it, the second-generation biomass, has the advantage of not being a food resource. In this study, Sicyos angulatus, known as an invasive plant (harmful) species, was used as a raw material for bioethanol production. In order to improve enzymatic hydrolysis, S. angulatus was pretreated with different NaOH concentration at 121 °C for 10 min. The optimal NaOH concentration for the pretreatment was determined to be 2% (w/w), and the glucan content (GC) and enzymatic digestibility (ED) were 46.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Through NaOH pretreatment, the GC and ED of S. angulatus were improved by 2.4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to the control (untreated S. angulatus). The hydrolysates from S. angulatus were applied to a medium for bioethanol fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K35. Finally, the maximum ethanol production was found to be 41.3 g based on 1000 g S. angulatus, which was 2.4-fold improved than the control group.
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9
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Shao H, Zhao Y, Sun H, Yang B, Fan B, Zhang H, Weng Y. Barrier Film of Etherified Hemicellulose from Single-Step Synthesis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2199. [PMID: 32992935 PMCID: PMC7599748 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemicellulose with good biodegradability and low oxygen permeability shows great potential in food packaging. However, its strong hydrophilicity leads to its poor moisture resistance, which hinders its wider application. In this paper, a near-hydrophobic hemicellulose was obtained by using single-step synthesis from poplar powder via etherification modification with epoxy chloropropane. This proposed approach has the advantage of avoiding the destruction of hemicellulose structure by secondary alkali-hydrolysis, which was what usually occurred in traditional etherification procedures. The feasibility of using epoxy chloropropane as an alkylation reagent to etherify hemicellulose was confirmed, and the reaction mechanism was elucidated. Contact angle test, thermogravimetric analysis, oxygen transmittance test, and infrared spectrum analysis showed that the barrier property and thermal stability of etherified hemicellulose films have been significantly improved. At an epoxy chloropropane/wood powder ratio (volume/weight) of 2/3 (mL/g), the epoxy hemicellulose films contained the most epoxy groups and displayed the best performance, i.e., tensile strength of 14.6 MPa, surface contact angle of 71.7° and oxygen transmission coefficient of 1.9 (cm3·µm)/(m2·d·kPa), showing great promise as barrier film in food-packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuelong Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hui Sun
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Biao Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Baomin Fan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yunxuan Weng
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (H.S.); (Y.Z.); (B.F.); (H.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Wang L, Qin X, Miao X, Chen H, Zhou Y, Cai A. Synthesis and nondestructive detailed structure characterization of carboxymethyl xylan from bagasse. J Carbohydr Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2020.1748643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Guangxi Lignocellulose Biorefinery Research Center of Engineering Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Xiangxiang Qin
- Guangxi Lignocellulose Biorefinery Research Center of Engineering Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Xueyan Miao
- School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Haishan Chen
- Guangxi Lignocellulose Biorefinery Research Center of Engineering Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Yuheng Zhou
- Guangxi Lignocellulose Biorefinery Research Center of Engineering Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
| | - Aihua Cai
- Guangxi Lignocellulose Biorefinery Research Center of Engineering Technology and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guilin, China
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Photocatalytic degradation of dyes over a xylan/PVA/TiO2 composite under visible light irradiation. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 223:115081. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Combined Treatments Consisting of Calcium Hydroxide and Activate Carbon for Purification of Xylo-Oligosaccharides of Pre-Hydrolysis Liquor. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11101558. [PMID: 31557834 PMCID: PMC6835391 DOI: 10.3390/polym11101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effect of a combined treatment consisting of calcium hydroxide (CH) followed by activated carbon (AC) on the purification of hemicellulose in the pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) from pulping process has been evaluated. The results show that lignin and furfural of PHL are efficiently removed, and the lignin removal is achieved by forming complexes onto CH particles in the CH treatment process, while acetic acid (acetate) is formed from the hydrolysis of acetyl groups present in the dissolved hemicelluloses in the PHL. The loss of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) is moderate, even at a high CH dosage of 0.8% while the xylose concentration is essentially unchanged. For the AC treatment, the optimal treating pH can enhance the interactions between AC and residual lignin and change the zeta potential of AC resulting in improved lignin adsorption onto AC. An increase of AC dosage has the tendency to adsorb more XOSDP>6 than XOSDP2~6. Overall, 66.9% of lignin and 70.1% of furfural removals are achieved under the optimal conditions of CH and AC treatment process, with a 5.9% total xylosugars loss. The present combination of CH and AC treatment process was more effective and selective for purification of xylosugars of PHL.
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13
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Liu Z, Xu D, Xia N, Zhao X, Kong F, Wang S, Fatehi P. Preparation and Application of Phosphorylated Xylan as a Flocculant for Cationic Ethyl Violet Dye. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E317. [PMID: 30966352 PMCID: PMC6414869 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, phosphorylated birchwood xylan was produced under alkali conditions using trisodium trimetaphosphate. Three single-factor experiments were used to explore the influences of time, temperature, and the molar ratio of trisodium trimetaphosphate to xylan on the degree of substitution (DS) and charge density of xylan. The response surface methodology was used to explore the interaction of these three factors. Phosphorylated xylan with a maximum DS of 0.79 and a charge density of -3.40 mmol/g was produced under the optimal conditions of 80 °C, 4 h, and a molar ratio of xylan/sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) of 1/3. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ascorbic acid method analyses, and inductively coupled plasma⁻atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) analyses confirmed that the phosphate groups were successfully attached to xylan. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that phosphorylated xylan was less stable than birchwood xylan. Furthermore, the phosphorylated xylan was applied as a flocculant for removing ethyl violet dye from a simulated dye solution. The results indicated that more than 95% of the dye was removed from the solution. The theoretical and experimental values of charge neutralization for the dye removal were close to one another, confirming that charge neutralization was the main mechanism for the interaction of dye and phosphorylated xylan. The impacts of salts on the flocculation efficiency of phosphorylated xylan were also analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Dingding Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Nannan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Fangong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Shoujuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pulp & Paper Science and Technology Ministry of Education, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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