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Wang Q, Che J, Wu W, Hu Z, Liu X, Ren T, Chen Y, Zhang J. Contributing Factors of Dielectric Properties for Polymer Matrix Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030590. [PMID: 36771891 PMCID: PMC9921423 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the trend of multi-function, integration, and miniaturization of electronics, traditional dielectric materials are difficult to satisfy new requirements, such as balanced dielectric properties and good designability. Therefore, high dielectric polymer composites have attracted wide attention due to their outstanding processibility, good designability, and dielectric properties. A number of polymer composites are employed in capacitors and sensors. All these applications are directly affected by the composite's dielectric properties, which are highly depended on the compositions and internal structure design, including the polymer matrix, fillers, structural design, etc. In this review, the influences of matrix, fillers, and filler arrangement on dielectric properties are systematically and comprehensively summarized and the regulation strategies of dielectric loss are introduced as well. Finally, the challenges and prospects of high dielectric polymer composites are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Junbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Weifei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zhendong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education and Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co-Innovation Centre of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Tianli Ren
- Mississippi Polymer Institute, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jianming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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2
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The synergistic effect of irregular alumina and round plates boron nitride
binary‐particle
system on the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mi Y, Gou J, Liu L, Ge X, Wan H, Liu Q. Enhanced Breakdown Strength and Thermal Conductivity of BN/EP Nanocomposites with Bipolar Nanosecond Pulse DBD Plasma Modified BNNSs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1396. [PMID: 31574969 PMCID: PMC6835565 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Filling epoxy resin (EP) with boron nitride (BN) nanosheets (BNNSs) can effectively improve the thermal conductivity of BN/EP nanocomposites. However, due to the few hydroxyl groups on the surface of BNNSs, silane coupling agent (SCA) cannot effectively modify BNNSs. The agglomeration of BNNSs is severe, which significantly reduces the AC breakdown strength of the composites. Therefore, this paper uses atmospheric pressure bipolar nanosecond pulse dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) Ar+H2O low temperature plasma to hydroxylate BNNSs to improve the AC breakdown strength and thermal conductivity of the composites. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the hydroxyl content of the BNNSs surface increases nearly two fold after plasma modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that plasma modification enhances the dehydration condensation reaction of BNNSs with SCA, and the coating amount of SCA on the BNNSs surface increases by 45%. The breakdown test shows that the AC breakdown strength of the composites after plasma modification is improved under different filling contents. With the filling content of BNNSs increasing from 10% to 20%, the composites can maintain a certain insulation strength. Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of the composites increases by 67% as the filling content increases from 10% (SCA treated) to 20% (plasma and SCA treated). Therefore, the plasma hydroxylation modification method used in this paper can provide a basis for the preparation of high thermal conductivity insulating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Jiaxi Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Hui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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4
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Wu C, Gao Y, Liang X, Gubanski SM, Wang Q, Bao W, Li S. Manifestation of Interactions of Nano-Silica in Silicone Rubber Investigated by Low-Frequency Dielectric Spectroscopy and Mechanical Tests. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11040717. [PMID: 31010177 PMCID: PMC6523167 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicone rubber composites filled with nano-silica are currently widely used as high voltage insulating materials in power transmission and substation systems. We present a systematic study on the dielectric and mechanical performance of silicone rubber filled with surface modified and unmodified fumed nano-silica. The results indicate that the different interfaces between the silicone rubber and the two types of nano-silica introduce changes in their dielectric response when electrically stressed by a sinusoidal excitation in the frequency range of 10−4–1 Hz. The responses of pure silicone rubber and the composite filled with modified silica can be characterized by a paralleled combination of Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars interface polarization and DC conduction. In contrast, the silicone rubber composite with the unmodified nano-silica exhibits a quasi-DC (Q-DC) transport process. The mechanical properties of the composites (represented by their stress-strain characteristics) reveal an improvement in the mechanical strength with increasing filler content. Moreover, the strain level of the composite with a modified filler is improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Electrical Insulation Research Center, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- State Grid Jibei Electric Power Co. Ltd. Research Institute, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Xidong Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Stanislaw M Gubanski
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- High Voltage Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE⁻412 96 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Weining Bao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, State Key Lab of Power System, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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5
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Eibel A, Marx P, Jin H, Tsekmes IA, Mühlbacher I, Smit JJ, Kern W, Wiesbrock F. Enhancement of the Insulation Properties of Poly(2-oxazoline)-co-Polyester Networks by the Addition of Nanofillers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700681. [PMID: 29292560 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Copoly(2-nonyl-2-oxazoline)-stat-poly(2-dec-9'enyl-2-oxazoline)s can be crosslinked by the thiol-ene reaction with glycol dimercaptoacetate. The copoly(2-oxazoline)-stat-copolyester is tested as dielectric for high-voltage applications, either as unfilled resin or as composite with nanoscaled fillers of silica, alumina, and hexagonal boron nitride. During AC voltage tests, all materials have an average breakdown strength of 45-50 kV mm-1 . For DC voltage tests, samples with SiO2 (hBN) have an average breakdown strength of ≈100 (80) kV mm-1 , while the unfilled copoly(2-oxazoline) has an average breakdown strength of ≈60 kV mm-1 . Permittivity measurements at 20 °C and 50 Hz reveal that all nanocomposites are dielectrics (D = 0.06-0.08), while the unfilled copoly(2-oxazoline)s has a high loss factor of D = 8.43. This phenomenon can be retraced to the phase separation in the crosslinked copolymer, the M-OH functionality of silica and alumina particles, and models of polymer-particle interactions such as the Tanaka model, revealing that the nanofillers reduce the interfacial and dipolar polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Eibel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Marx
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Huifei Jin
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, CD2628, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inge Mühlbacher
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Johan J Smit
- Department of Electrical Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 4, CD2628, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Kern
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria.,Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Otto-Gloeckel-Strasse 2, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Frank Wiesbrock
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, Roseggerstrasse 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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